Каталитическая изомеризация H-парафинов в сверхкритических условиях
Диссертация
Широко применяемые в ведущих странах мира процессы изомеризации я-алканов не получили существенного распространения в России. Так в 2000 г. в США было произведено 32 млн тонн изомеров, в Великобритании — 4,5 млн тонн, а в России всего 700 тыс. тонн. Из-за того, что не налажено крупнотоннажное производство отечественных катализаторов изомеризации, на российских установках преимущественно… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- ГЛАВА 1. ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫЙ ОБЗОР
- 1. 1. Сверхкритические флюиды в гетерогенном катализе
- 1. 1. 1. Преимущества использования сверхкритических флюидов в гетерогенном катализе
- 1. 1. 2. Сверхкритические флюиды, наиболее часто используемые в химических реакциях
- 1. 1. 3. Реакции гетерогенного катализа в сверхкритических условиях
- 1. 2. Изомеризация алканов
- 1. 2. 1. Термодинамические и кинетические характеристики реакции
- 1. 2. 2. Катализаторы изомеризации алканов
- 1. 2. 3. Механизм изомеризации алканов
- 1. 2. 4. Изомеризации углеводородов С7 и выше
- 1. 1. Сверхкритические флюиды в гетерогенном катализе
- 2. 1. Катализаторы и реагенты
- 2. 2. Физико-химические исследования
- 2. 3. Методики проведения каталитических экспериментов
- 2. 4. Физико-химические расчеты
- 3. 1. Изомеризация я-пентана в сверхкритических условиях на оксидных катализаторах
- 3. 2. Изомеризация «-пентана в сверхкритических условиях на цеолитных катализаторах
- 3. 2. 1. ИК-спектроскопическое исследование кислотности цеолитов
- 3. 2. 2. Превращение к-пентана на Н-формах и модифицированных платиной цеолитах
- 3. 2. 3. Изучение изомеризации н-пентана на Н-мордените
- 3. 3. Общие закономерности изомеризации «-пентана на оксидных и цеолитных катализаторах
- 3. 4. Превращение н-алканов на Н-формах цеолитов в сверхкритических условиях
- 3. 4. 1. Изомеризация «-бутана, н-гексана и н-гептана
- 3. 4. 2. Влияние добавок н-алканов C^-Cj на изомеризацию н-пентана
- 3. 4. 3. Высокотемпературное превращение н-алканов на H-ZSM
- 3. 5. Регенерация дезактивированных катализаторов сверхкритическими растворителями
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