Оптимизация гибридных методов заместительной почечной терапии у больных после кардиохирургических вмешательств
Диссертация
Полученные данные о влиянии ацетатемии и скорости ультрафильтрации при стандартном бикарбонатном диализе на гемодинамику и применение оптимизированных операционных параметров способствуют безопасному и эффективному проведению гибридных методов ЗПТ у кардиохирургических больных. Значительное снижение частоты гемодинамических осложнений позволяет широко использовать данную методику в лечении… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- СПИСОК ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СОКРАЩЕНИЙ
- ГЛАВА I. Современные аспекты заместительной почечной терапии (литературный обзор)
- 1. 1. Дефиниции, распространенность, особенности патогенеза острого повреждения почек в кардиохирургии
- 1. 2. Возможности ЗПТ и её модальности
- Глава II. МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
- 2. 1. Клиническая характеристика больных
- 2. 2. Дизайн исследования и характеристика обследованных групп
- 2. 3. Методы исследования
- Глава III. Сравнительный анализ течения 1 111 у больных после сердечнососудистых вмешательств, пролеченных 8ЬЕОО с ацетатсодержащим бикарбонатным и безацетатным диализатом «Кребсол»
- 3. 1. Особенности клинического течения 1 111 в исследованных группах
- 3. 2. Клинические исходы 1 111 в исследованных группах
- 3. 3. Сравнительная динамика лабораторных показателей при 8ЬЕВО
- 3. 4. Результаты инструментальных исследований
- Глава І. У. ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ
- Выводы
Список литературы
- Abe М., Okada К., Suzuki М. et al. Comparison of sustained hemodiafiltra-tion with continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration for the treatment of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.// Artificial Organs. 2010. — Vol. 34, no. 4.-p. 331−338,.
- Albertazzi A., Palmieri P.F., Mastrangelo E. Efficacy and tolerance of acetate free biofiltration: a central Italian multicenter trial // Kidney Int. Suppl. 1993.-Vol. 41.-p. 188−194.
- Alsous F., Khamiees M., DeGirolamo A., Amoateng-Adjepong Y., Manth-ous C.A. Negative fluid balance predicts survival in patients with septic shock: a retrospective pilot study.// Chest. 2000. — Vol.117. — 1749−1754.
- Amore A., Cirina P., Mitola S., Peruzzi L., Bonaudo R., Gianoglio B. et al. Acetate intolerance is mediated by enhanced synthesis of nitric oxide by endothelial cells.// J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1997. — Vol. 9. — 1431−6.
- Ascione R., Lloyd C.T., Underwood M.J. et al. On-pump versus off-pump coronary revascularization: evaluation of renal function.// Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1999. — Vol. 68(2). — 493−8
- Augustine J.J., Sandy D., Seifert Т.Н., Paganini E.P. A randomized controlled trial comparing intermittent with continuous dialysis in patients with ARF. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2004. — Vol. 44(6). — 1000−1007.
- Bagshaw S., Bellomo R., Kellum J.A. Oliguria, volume overload, and loop diuretics.// Crit. Care. 2008. — Vol. 36 (4). — p. 172−178.
- Bagshaw S.M., George C., Bellomo R. Early acute kidney injury and sepsis: a multicentre evaluation.// Crit. Care. 2008. — Vol. 12 (2). — p. 47.
- Bagshaw S.M., Berthiaume L.R., Delaney A., Bellomo R. Continuous versus intermittent renal replacement therapy for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a metaanalysis. // Crit. Care Med. 2008. — Vol. 36. -p. 610−617.
- Bagshaw S.M., George C., Bellomo R. Changes in the incidence and outcome for early acute kidney injury in a cohort of Australian intensive care units. // Crit. Care. 2007. — Vol. 11. — p. 68.
- Basile D.P., Donohoe D., Roethe K., Osborn J.L. Renal ischemic injury results in permanent damage to peritubular capillaries and influences long-term function. // Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2001. — Vol. 281(5). — p. 887−899.
- Bell M., Granath F., Schon S., Ekbom A., Martling C.R. Continuous renal replacement therapy is associated with less chronic renal failure than intermittent haemodialysis after acute renal failure. // Intensive Care Med. -2007. Vol. 33(5) — p.773−780.
- Bellomo R., Angus D., Star R.A. The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative part II: patient selection for CRRT. //Adv. Ren. Replace Ther. — 2002. — Vol. 9 -p. 255−259.
- Bellomo R., Auriemma S., Fabbri A., D’Onofrio A., Katz N., McCullough P.A., Ricci Z., Shaw A., Ronco C. The pathophysiology of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). // Int. J. Artif. Organs. 2008. -Vol. 31(2).-p. 166−78.
- Bellomo R., Ronco C. Blood purification in the intensive care unit: evolving concepts. // World J. Surg. 2001. — Vol. 25. — p. 677−683.
- Berbece A. N., Richardson R. M. A. Sustained low-efficiency dialysis in the ICU: Cost, anticoagulation, and solute removal. // Kidney International. -2006. Vol. 70. — p. 963−968.
- Booth J., Pinney J., Davenport A. Do Changes in Relative Blood Volume Monitoring Correlate to Hemodialysis-Associated Hypotension? // Nephron. Clin. Pract. 2011. — Vol. 117. — p. 179−183.
- Bouchard J., Soroko S., Chertow C.M., Himmelfarb J., Ikizler T.A., Paganini E.P., Mehta R.L. Program to Improve Care in Acute Renal Disease (PICARD) Study Group: Fluid Accumulation, Survival and Recovery of
- Kidney Function in Critically 111 Patients with Acute Kidney Injury.// Kidney Int. 2009. — Vol. 76. — p. 422−7.
- Canaud B., Bosc J.Y., Leray H., Stec F., Argiles A., Leblanc M. et al. Online hemodiafiltration: State of the art. //Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 1998. -Vol. 13 (5)-p. 11.
- Chertow G.M., Burdick E., Honour M., Bonventre J.V. and Bates D.W. Acute Kidney Injury, Mortality, Length of Stay, and Costs in Hospitalized Patients.// J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005. — Vol. 16. — p. 3365−3370.
- Chertow G.M., Lazarus J.M., Christiansen C.L. et al. Preoperative renal risk stratification. // Circulation. 1997. — Vol. 95(4). — p. 878−884.
- Chertow G.M., Levy E.M., Hammermeister K.E. et al. Independent association between acute renal failure and mortality following cardiac surgery. // Am. J. Med. 1998. — Vol. 104 (4). — p. 343−348.
- Cho K.C., Himmelfarb J., Paganini E., Ikizler T.A., Soroko S.H., Mehta R.L., Chertow G.M. Survival by dialysis modality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006. — Vol. 17. — p. 3132−3138.
- Clark W.R., Letteri J.J., Uchino S., Bellomo R., Ronco C. Recent clinical advances in the management of critically ill patients with acute renal failure. // Blood Purif. 2006. — Vol. 24. — p. 487−498.
- Conlon P.J., Stafford-Smith M., White W.D. et al. Acute renal failure following cardiac surgery, Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 1999- 14(5): 1158−62.
- Davenport A. The Brain and the Kidney Organ Cross Talk and Interactions. // Blood Purif. — 2008. — Vol. 26. — p. 526−536.
- Davenport A. The clinical application of CRRT current status: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies in Patients with Acute Neurological Injury. // Seminars in Dialysis. — 2009. — Vol. 22 (Issue 2). — p. 165−168.
- Ding F., Ahrenholz P., Winkler R.E., Ramlow W., Tiess M., Michelsen A., Patow W. Online hemodiafiltration versus acetate-free biofiltration: a prospective crossover study. // Artif. Organs. 2002. — Vol. 26(2). — p. 169−180.
- Fliser D., Kielstein J. T. Technology Insight: treatment of renal failure in the intensive care unit with extended dialysis. // Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology 2006. — Vol. 2. — p. 32−39.
- Fortescue E.B., Bates D.W., Chertow G.M. Predicting acute renal failure after coronary bypass surgery: cross-validation of two risk stratification algorithms. // Kidney Int. 2000. — Vol. 57(6). — p. 2594−2602.
- Fournier G., Potier J., Thebaud H.E., Majdalani G. Ton-That H, Man NK. Substitution of acetic acid for hydrochloric acid in the bicarbonate buffered dialysate. // Artif. Organs. 1998. — Vol. 22. — p. 608−13.
- Galli G., Panzetta G. Acetate free biofiltration (AFB): from theory to clinical results. // Clin. Nephrol. 1998. — Vol. 50 (1). — p. 28−37.
- Gibney N., Cerda J., Davenport A., Ramirez J., Singbartl K., Leblanc M., Ronco C. Volume management by renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. // Int. J. Artif. Organs. 2008. — Vol. 31. — p. 145−155.
- Gibney R.T.N., Bagshaw S.M., Kutsogiannis D.J., Johnston C. When Should Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Kidney Injury be Initiated and discontinued? // Blood Purif. 2008. — Vol. 26. — p. 473−484
- Hix J.K., Thakar C.V., Katz E.M. et al. Effect of off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery on postoperative acute kidney injury and mortality. // Crit. Care Med. 2006. — Vol. 34 (12). — p. 2979−83.
- Hoste E.A., Schurgers M. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury: How big is the problem?//Crit. Care Med. 2008 — Vol. 36.-p. 146-S151,
- Hoste E. A, Dhondt A. Clinical review: Use of renal replacement therapies in special groups of ICU patients. // Critical Care 2012. — Vol. 16. — p. 201.
- Jacka M.J., Ivancinova X., Gibney R.T. Continuous renal replacement therapy improves renal recovery from acute renal failure // Can. J. Anaesth. -2005. Vol. 52(3). — p. 327−332.
- Jaeger J.Q., Mehta R.L. Assessment of dry weight in hemodialysis: an overview. // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1999. — Vol. 10. — p. 392−403.
- Jo S. K, Rosner M. H, Okusa M.D. Pharmacologic treatment of acute kidney injury: why drugs haven’t worked and what is on the horizon // Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2007. — Vol. 2. — p. 356−365.
- Kruse J.A. Understanding Blood Lactate Analysis // The Journal for Respiratory Care Practitioners. 1995. — p. 63−69.
- Kellum J.A., Angus D.C., Johnson J.P. et al. Continuous versus intermittent renal replacement therapy: a meta-analysis. // Intensive Care Med. 2002. -Vol. 28.-p. 29−37.
- Kellum J.A., Cerda J., Kaplan L.J., Nadim M.K., Palevsky P.M. Fluids for prevention and management of acute kidney injury. // Int. J. Artif. Organs. -2008.-Vol. 31.-p. 96−110.
- Kellum J.A., Ronco C., Mehta R.L. Fluid management in acute kidney injury. // Int. J. Artif. Organs. 2008. — Vol. 31. — p. 94−95.
- Kes P., Basic Jukic N. Acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. // Bosn. J. Basic. Med. Sci. 2010. — Vol. 10 (1). — p. 8−12.
- Kramer B.K., Preuner J., Ebenburger A. et al. Lack of renoprotective effect of theophylline during aortocoronary bypass surgery. // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2002. — Vol. 17 (5). — p. 910−15.
- Kumar V.A., Craig M., Depner T.A., Yeun J.Y. Extended daily dialysis: A new approach to renal replacement for acute renal failure in the intensive care unit. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2000. — Vol. 36(2). — p. 294−300.
- Lassnigg A., Donner E., Grubhofer G. et al. Lack of renoprotective effects of dopamine and furosemide during cardiac surgery. // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. -2000.-Vol. 11(1).-p. 97−104.
- Lassnigg A., Schmidlin D., Mouhieddine M. et al. Minimal Changes of Serum Creatinine Predict Prognosis in Patients after Cardiothoracic Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study. // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2004. — Vol. 15(6). — p. 1597−1605.
- Levy E.M., Viscoli C.M., Horwitz R.I.: Effect of acute renal failure on mortality. A cohort analysis. // JAMA. 1996. — Vol. 275. — p. 1489 -1494.
- Lima E.Q., Fernandes A., Zanon J. et al. Preventing intradialytic hypotension in acute kidney ingury patients submitted to slow low efficiency dialysis (SLED). // Blood Purif. 2008. — Vol. 26. — p. 179−180.
- Liu K.D., Himmelfarb J., Paganini E.P., Ikizler A., Soroko S., Mehta R.L., Chertow G.M. Timing of initiation of dialysis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. // CJASN. 2006. — Vol. 1. — p. 915−919.
- Locatelli F., Buoncristiani U., Canaud B., Kohler H., Petitclerc Th. and Zuc-chelli P. Haemodialysis with on-line monitoring equipment: tools or toys? // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2001. — Vol. 20 (1). — p. 22−33.
- Loef B.G., Epema A.H., Smilde T.D. et al. Immediate postoperative renal function deterioration in cardiac surgical patients predicts inhospital mortality and long-term survival. // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2005. — Vol. 16 (1). — p. 195−200.
- Loef B.G., Henning R.H., Epema A.H. et al. Effect of dexamethasone on perioperative renal function impairment during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. // Br. J. Anaesth. 2004. — Vol. 93(6). — p. 793−798.
- Lombardi R., Ferreiro A., Servetto C. Renal function after cardiac surgery: adverse effect of furosemide. // Ren. Fail. 2003. — Vol. 25(5). — p. 775 786.
- Marenzi G., Lauri G., Grazi M. et al. Circulatory response to fluid overload removal by extracorporeal ultrafiltration in refractory congestive heart failure. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001. — Vol. 38. — p. 963−968.
- Marshall M. R., Golper T. A., Shaver M.J., Alam M. G. and Chatoth D. K. Sustained low-efficiency dialysis for critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy.// Kidney International 2001. — Vol. 60. — p. 777−785.
- Marshall M.R., Golper T.A., Shaver M.J., Alam M.G., Chatoth D.K. Urea kinetics during sustained low-efficiency dialysis in critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002. — Vol. 39 (3).-p. 556−70.
- Mehta R. L. and Chertow G.M. Acute Renal Failure Definitions and Classification: Time for Change? // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2003. — Vol. 14. — p. 2178−2187.
- Mehta R. L., Mcdonald B., Gabbai F. B., Pahl M., Pascual M. T. A., Farkas A., Kaplan R. M. A randomized clinical trial of continuous versus intermittent dialysis for acute renal failure.// Kidney International. 2001. — Vol. 60. -p. 1154−1163.
- Mehta R.L., Pascual M.T., S.H. Soroko, B.R. Savage, J. Himmelfarb, T.A. Ikizler, E.P. Paganini, G.M. Chertow. Spectrum of acute renal failure inthe intensive care unit: The PICARD experience.// Kidney International. -2004.-Vol. 66.-p. 1613−1621.
- Mehta R.L., Clark W.C., Schetz M. Techniques for assessing and achieving fluid balance in acute renal failure.// Curr. Opin. Crit. Care. 2002. — Vol. 8. -p. 535−543.
- Mehta RL, Kellum J A, Shah SV, et al., Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. // Crit. Care. -2007.-Vol. 11(2).-p. 31.
- Mehta RL. Continuous renal replacement therapy in the critically ill patient. // Kidney Int. 2005. — Vol. 67(2). — p. 781−795.
- Movilli E., Camerini C., Zein H., D’Avolio G., Sandrini M., Strada A., Mai-orca R. A prospective comparison of bicarbonate dialysis, hemodiafiltration, and acetate-free biofiltration in the elderly. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1996. -Vol. 27(4).-p. 541- 547.
- Murugan R., Kellum J. A. Has mortality from acute renal failure decreased? // Crit. Care Med. Vol. 36(3). — p. 996−998.
- Naka T., Baldwin I., Bellomo R., Fealy N., Wan L. Prolonged daily intermittent renal replacement therapy in ICU patients by ICU nurses and ICU physicians. // Int. J. Artif. Organs. 2004. — Vol. 27 (5). — p. 380−387.
- Palevsky P.M. Off-pump cardiac surgery and acute kidney injury // Critical Care Medicine. 2006. — Vol. 34(12).-p. 3052−3053.
- Palevsky P.M., Zhang J.H., O’Connor T.Z.: Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury // N. Engl. J. Med. 2008. — Vol. 359.-p. 7−20.
- Palevsky P.M. Clinical review: timing and dose of continuous renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. // Crit. Care. 2007. — Vol. 11.-p. 232.
- Pannu N., Klarenbach S., Wiebe N., Manns B., Tonelli M. Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients With Acute Renal Failure. // JAMA 2008. -Vol. 299 (7)-p. 793−805.
- Payen D., de Pont A.C., Sakr Y., Spies C., Reinhart K., Vincent J.L.: A positive fluid balance is associated with a worse outcome in patients with acute renal failure. // Crit. Care. 2008. — Vol. 12. — p. 74.
- Pinsky M.R., Brophy P., Padilla J., Paganini E., Pannu N. Fluid and volume monitoring. // Int. J. Artif. Organs. 2008. — 31. — p. 111−126.
- Pizzarelli F., Cerrai T., Dattolo P., Ferro G. On-line haemodiafiltration with and without acetate. // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2006. — Vol. 21. — p. 1648−51.
- Pizzarelli F., Cerrai T., Tetta C. Paired hemodiafiltration: technical assessment and preliminary clinical results. // in Ronco C (ed.), Contributions to Nephrology, Karger: Basel. 2003. — Vol. 138. — p. 99−105.
- Pizzarelli F., Tetta C., Cerrai T., Maggiore Q. Double-chamber on-line hemodiafiltration: a novel technique with intra-treatment monitoring of dialy-sate ultrafilter integrity. // Blood Purif. 2000. — Vol. 18. — p. 237−41.
- Ricci Z. and Ronco C. Kidney diseases beyond nephrology: intensive care. // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2008. — Vol. 23. — p. 820−826.
- Ricci Z. and Ronco C. Year in review 2008: Critical Care nephrology. // Crit Care. — 2009. — Vol. 13 (5) — p. 227.
- Ricci Z., Bellomo R. and Ronco C. Dose of Dialysis in Acute Renal Failure. // Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006. — Vol. 1 — p. 380−388.
- Ricci Z., Polito A., Polito A., Ronco C. The implications and management of septic acute kidney injury. // Nature Reviews Nephrology. 2011. — Vol. 7. -p. 218−225.
- Ricci Z., Ronco C. Dose and efficiency of renal replacement therapy: Continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis versus slow extended daily dialysis.// Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. -2008. Vol. 36 (4).-p. 229−237.
- Ristikankare A., Kuitunen T., Kuitunen A. et al. Lack of renoprotective effect of i.v. N-acetylcysteine in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing cardiac surgery. // Br. J. Anaesth. 2006. — Vol. 97(5). — p. 611−16.
- Rivers E., Nguyen B., Havstad S., Ressler J., Muzzin A., Knoblich B., Peterson E., Tomlanovich M. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. // N. Engl. J. Med. 2001. — Vol. 345. — p. 1368−1377.
- Ronco C., Bellomo R., Ricci Z. Hemodinamic response to fluid withdrawal in overhydratet patients treated with intermitten ultrafiltration and slow continuos ultrafiltration: role of blood volume monitoring. // Cardiology. -2001. -Vol. 96.-p. 196−201.
- Ronco C., Chionh C-Y., Haapio M. et al. The Cardiorenal Syndrome. // Blood Purif. 2009. — Vol. 27. — p. l 14−126.
- Rosner M.H., Okusa M.D. Acute Kidney Injury Associated with Cardiac Surgery. // Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006 — Vol.1, — p. 19−32,
- Saito T., Saito O., Maeda T. et al. Metabolic and hemodynamic advantages of an acetate-free citrate dialysate in a uremic case of congenital methylmalonic academia. // American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 2009. -Vol. 54, no. 4. — p. 764−769.
- Sakr Y., Vincent J.L., Reinhart K., Groeneveld J., Michalopoulos A., Sprung C.L., Artigas A., Ranieri V.M. High tidal volume and positive fluid balance are associated with worse outcome in acute lung injury. // Chest. 2005. -Vol. 128.-p. 3098−3108.
- Salahudeen A. K., Kumar V., Madan N., Xiao L., Lahoti A., Samuels J., Nates J. and Price K. Sustained Low Efficiency Dialysis in the Continuous
- Mode (C-SLED): Dialysis Efficacy, Clinical Outcomes, and Survival Predictors in Critically 111 Cancer Patients. // Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2009. -Vol. 4 (8).-p. 1338−1346.
- Schiffl H. Renal recovery from acute tubular necrosis requiring renal replacement therapy: a prospective study in critically ill patients // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant.-(2006).-Vol. 21.-p. 1248−1252
- Schlaeper C., Amerling R., Manns M., Levin N.W. High clearance continuous renal replacement therapy with a modified dialysis machine. // Kidney Int. 1999. — Vol. 72. — p. 20-S23.
- Schrier R.W., Wang W., Poole B., Mitra A. Acute renal failure: definitions, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy. // J. Clin. Invest. 2004. — Vol. 114 (l).-p. 5−14.
- Selby N.M., Fluck R.J., Taal M.W., Mclntyre C.W. Effects of acetate-free double-chamber hemodiafiltration and standard dialysis on systemic hemodynamics and troponin T levels. // ASAIO J. 2006. — Vol. 52(1). — p. 6269.
- Stegmayr B.G. Ultrafiltration and dry weight-what are the cardiovascular effects? // Artif. Organs 2003. — Vol. 27 (3) — p. 227−279.
- Stone G.W., McCullough P.A., Tumlin J.A. et al. Fenoldopam mesylate for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. // JAMA. 2003. — Vol. 290(17). — p. 2284−2291.
- Suokas A., Kupari M., Heikkila J., Lindros K. and Ylikahri R. Acute cardiovascular and metabolic effects of acetate inmen. // Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 1988. — Vol. 12, no. 1. — p. 52−58.
- Sutton T.A., Fisher Ch.J. and Molitoris B.A. Microvascular endothelial injury and dysfunction during ischemic acute renal failure.// Kidney International. 2002. — Vol. 62. — p. 1539−1549.
- Sward K., Valsson F., Odencrants P. et al. Recombinant human atrial natriuretic peptide in ischemic acute renal failure: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. // Crit. Care Med. 2004. — Vol. 32(6). — p. 1310−1315.
- Swartz R.D., Bustami R.T., Daley J.M., Gillespie B.W., Port F.K. Estimating the impact of renal replacement therapy choice on outcome in severe acute renal failure. // Clin. Nephrol. 2005. — Vol. 63. — p. 335−345.
- Swartz R.D., Messana J.M., Orzol S., Port F.K. Comparing continuous he-mofiltration with hemodialysis in patients with severe acute renal failure. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1999. — Vol. 34. — p. 424−432.
- Tang A.T., El-Gamel A., Keevil B. et al. The effect of 'renal-dose' dopamine on renal tubular function following cardiac surgery: assessed by measuring retinol binding protein (RBP). // Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 1999. -Vol. 15(5).-p. 717−721.
- Thakar C.V., Christianson A., Freyberg R., Almenoff P., Render M.L. Incidence and outcomes of acute kidney injury in intensive care units: a Veterans Administration study. // Crit. Care Med. 2009. — Vol. 37(9). — p. 25 522 558.
- Thakar C.V., Liangos O., Yared J.P. et al. ARF after open-heart surgery: Influence of gender and race. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2003. — Vol. 41(4). — p. 742−51.
- Thakar C.V., Worley S., Arrigain S. et al. Improved survival in acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2007. — Vol. 50 (5). — p. 703−711.
- Thakar C.V., Worley S., Arrigain S. et al. Influence of renal dysfunction on mortality after cardiac surgery: Modifying effect of preoperative renal function. // Kidney Int. 2005. — Vol. 67 (3). — p. 1112−1119.
- Todeschini M., Macconi D., Fernandez N., Ghilardi M., Anabaya A., Binda E. et al. Effect of acetate-free biofiltration and bicarbonate hemodialysis on neutrophil activation. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002. — Vol. 40. — p. 783−93.
- Toffaletti J. Elevations in blood lactate: Overview of use in critical care // Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1996. — Vol. 56, Supp 224. — p. 107−110.
- Tolchin N., Roberts J.L., Hayashi J., Lewis E.J. Metabolic consequences of high mass-transfer hemodialysis. // Kidney International. 1977. — Vol. 11. -p. 366−378.
- Tollinger C. D., Vreman H.J., Weiner M.W. Measurement of Acetate in human blood Gas Chromatography: effects of sample preparation, feeding, and various diseases. // Clin. Chem. 1979. — Vol. 25/10. — p. 1787−1790.
- Tolwani A.J., Campbell R.C., Stofan B.S., Lai K.R., Oster R.A. and Wille K.M. Standard versus high-dose CVVHDF for ICU-related acute renal failure. // Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2008. — Vol. 19. -p. 1233−1238.
- Tolwani A.J., Wheeler T.S., Wille K.M. Sustained low-efficiency dialysis. // Contrib. Nephrol. 2007 — Vol. 156. — p. 320−324.
- Tonelli M., Manns B., Feller-Kopman D. Acute renal failure in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of the impact of dialytic modality on mortality and renal recovery. // Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2002. — Vol. 40. — p. 875−885.
- Tonelli M., Astephen P., Andreou P., Beed S., Lundrigan P. and Jindal K. Blood volume monitoring in intermittent hemodialysis for acute renal failure.// Kidney International 2002. — Vol. 62. — p. 1075−1080.
- Upadya A., Tilluckdharry L., Muralidharan V., Amoateng-Adjepong Y., Manthous C.A. Fluid balance and weaning outcomes. // Intensive Care Med. -2005.-Vol. 31.-p. 1643−1647.
- Van Biesen W., Lameire N., Vanholder R., Norbert M.D., Mehta R. Relation between acute kidney injury and multiple-organ failure: The chicken and the egg question//Crit. Care Med. -2007.-Vol. 35 (1).-p. 316−317.
- Van Biesen W., Lameire N., Vanholder R. A tantalizing question: Ferrari or Rolls Royce? A meta-analysis on the ideal renal replacement modality for acute kidney injury at the intensive care unit. // Crit. Care Med. 2008. -Vol. 36(2).-p. 649−650.
- Vanholder R, Van Biesen W, Lameire N. What is the renal replacement method of first choice for intensive care patients? // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. -2001.-Vol. 12 (Suppl 17). p. 40−43.
- Vesconi S., D. N. Cruz, R. Fumagalli, C. Ronco et al. Delivered dose of renal replacement therapy and mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. // Critical Care. 2009. — Vol. 13. — p. 57.
- Vincent J. -L., Moreno R., Takala J., Willatts S., De Mendon^a A., Bruining H., and al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. // Intensive Care Medicine 1996. -Vol. 22, — p. 707−710.
- Waikar S.S., Liu K.D., Chertow G.M. Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury. // CJASN. 2008. — Vol. 3 — p. 844−861.
- Wiedemann H.P., Wheeler A.P., Bernard G.R., Thompson B.T., Hayden D., deBoisblanc B., Connors A.F., Hite R.D., Harabin A.L. Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury. // N. Engl. J. Med. 2006. -Vol. 354.-p. 2564−2575.
- Woo E.B., Tang A.T., Camel A. et al. Dopamine therapy for patients at risk of renal dysfunction following cardiac surgery: science or fiction? // Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002. — Vol. 22(1). — p. 106−11.
- Wu V., Wang C., Wang W., Lin Y., Hu F. Sustained low-efficiency dialysis versus continuous veno-venous hemofiltration for postsurgical acute renal failure. // American journal of surgery 2010. — Vol. 199 (4). — p. 466−476.