Эпизоотология чумы мелких жвачных животных в Таджикистане
Диссертация
Актуальность работы. Как известно на клиническое проявление инфекционных болезней животных, влияют вид, порода, возраст, пол, иммунный статус животного, а также вид и степень патогенности возбудителя. На характер эпизоотологического проявления инфекции в стаде хозяйстве или стране влияют иммунный статус поголовья, система ведения животноводства, природно-климатические, социально-экономические… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- Список использованных в работе сокращений
- 1. ВВЕДЕНИЕ
- 2. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- 2. 1. Краткая характеристика чумы мелких жвачных животных и его возбудителя
- 2. 1. 1. Физико-химические свойства вируса
- 2. 1. 2. Антигенные свойства вируса
- 2. 1. 3. Биологические свойства вируса
- 2. 2. Эпизоотологические аспекты чумы мелких жвачных животных
- 2. 2. 1. Особенности распространения чумы мелких жвачных животных
- 2. 2. 2. Факторы распространения чумы мелких жвачных животных
- 2. 2. 3. Восприимчивость разных видов животных к вирусу чумы мелких жвачных животных
- 2. 2. 4. Особенности клинико-морфологического проявления чумы мелких жвачных животных
- 2. 2. 5. Диагностика чумы мелких жвачных животных
- 2. 2. 6. Иммунитет и средства специфической профилактики чумы мелких жвачных животных
- 2. 3. Совместный надзор болезней
- 2. 1. Краткая характеристика чумы мелких жвачных животных и его возбудителя
Список литературы
- Амирбеков М. Оид ба тоуни чорвои хурд дар Точикистон /Мурватуллоев С.А.// Ветеринария, № 3, Душанбе, 2005, стр. 5−7.
- Амирбеков М. Чума мелких жвачных./ Шаболов АИ Ветеринария, № 3, Душанбе 2005, стр. 30.
- Аноятбеков М. К. Серомониггоринг чумы мелких жвачных животных Таджикистана / Джумаев Ш. Н., Кошематов Ж. К., Ашибаев А.Ж.// Ветеринария, № 3, Душанбе, 2005, стр. 28.
- Диев В. И. Изучение чувствительных различных клеточных культур к вирусу чумы мелких жвачных животных. /Соколов Л.Н., Мамкова Р. В., Евсеев A.M., Куляшбекова Ш. К//Вирусные болезни сельскохозяйственных животных. Владимир, 1995. — С.94.
- Кошематов Ж. К. Получение специфических сывороток при чуме мелких жвачных животных /Джумаев Ш. Н., Бобоев Г. Ю., Аноятбеков М. К// Ветеринария, № 1, 2009, С.37−39.
- Мамадалиев С.М. Мониторинг чумы мелких жвачных животных на территории Республик Казахстан и Средней Азии. Материалы межд. науч,-практ. конф. 21−23 июня 2006 г. /Кошеметов Ж.К., Нурабаев С. Ш., Матвеева
- B. Ажибаев А. Ж., Хайруллин Б. М// г Ульяновск 2006 г. С. 313−316.
- Михалкин И.П. Чума мелких жвачных животных.// Сибирская язва и другие опасные инфекционные болезни животных. /Михалкин И. П// Покров, 2005.-С. 159−163.
- МурватуллоевС. А. Панчсолиичроибарномаи «НазоратибеморихоисархадгузарихайвонотдармамлакатхоиОсиёимарказй». /АмрибековМ.//Ветеринария, 2009, Душанбе, № 1, С. 12−17.
- Мурватуллоев С. А. О Чуме мелких жвачных животных.Шоназар Джилваи Муносиб//Ветеринария, Душанбе, 2009, № 1, С.28−32.
- C.Г. Юрков// г. Покров-2000.-С. 192−194.
- Степанов A.B. Персистенция вируса чума мелких жвачных в перевиваемых культурах клеток. Материалы межд. науч. практ. конф. 15−16 авг. 2000 г. /Вишняков И.Ф., Стрижаков А// г. Покров 2000, стр. 206−209.
- Степанов А. В. и др. Молекулярно-генетический метод диагностики чумы мелких жвачных. Материалы межд. науч.-практ. конф. 15−16 авг. 2000 г./ Степанов А. В и др. // г. Покров 2000 г.
- Руководство по выявлению чумы мелкого рогатого скотаЛ Переводсанглийского, переизданныйв 2005 г., Душпнбе EMPRES Animal
- Production and Health Division, Viale delle Terme di Cara-calla, Rome, Italy 1999.
- Abedunde A.A. Excretion of the virus of peste des petits ruminants by goats-Bull./ Abedunde A. A, Adu F.D.//Anim.Health Product in Africa, 1977, v. 25,3.307−311.
- Abraham G. Antibody seroprevalences against peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in camels, cattle, goats and sheep in Ethiopia/ SintayehuA., LibeauG., AlbinaE., RogerF., LaekemariamY., Abayneh D. & Awoke K. MI/ Prev. Vet. Med. 2005, 79,51−57.
- Abu-Elzein Eme. Isolation of peste des petits ruminants from goats in Saudi Arabia./Abu-Elzein Eme, Hassanien M. M, Al-Afaleq A. I., Abdelhadi M. A., Honsawai F. M. J.// Vet Rec., 1990- 27:309.
- Abu ElzeinE.M.E. Severe infection in gazelles kept under semi-free range conditions /HousawiF.M.T., BashareekY., GameelA.A., Al-AfaieqA.I. & AndersonE// J. Vet. Med. 2004, 51 68 71.
- Ajala O.O. Treatment of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in pre-weaned West African Dwarf Goat Kids/ Daneji, A. l, Kumshe H.A. and Oyeyemi M. O (1997)//Trop. Vet. 1 15: 39−42.
- Alcigir G. Turkiye’de kuzularda peste des petits ruminants virus enfeksiyonunun patomorfolojik ve immunohistolojik ilk tanimi./ Vural S.A., Toplu N//Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi 1996−43:181−189.
- Al-Naeem A. Epizootological aspects of peste des petits ruminants and rinderpest in sheep and goats in Saudi Arabia/ Abu-Elzein EME, Al-Afaleq AI//Rev. Sci. Tech. (International Office of Epizooties) 2000- 19:855−8.
- Amjad H. Peste des petits ruminants in goats./Qamar-ul-I, Forsyth M, Barrett T, Rossiter P. B//Pakistan Vet Rec. 1996−139:118−119.
- Anderson J. The detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in cattle, sheep and goats and the possible implication to rinderpest control programmes/McKay J. A// Epidemiol. Infect., 1994, 112, 225−234.
- Anderson J. and Sammin, D. (2005). Peste des petits ruminants intheThrace region ofTurkey. EMPRESTransboundaryAnimalDiseases Bulletin, 27,12−15.
- Athar, M. An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants-like disease among goats in Punjab (Pakistan) / Muhammad G., Azim F., Shakoor A., Maqbool A., and ChaudhryN. I// Pakistan Vet. J. 1995, 15, 140 143.
- Awa D. NEconomics of prophylaxis against peste des petits ruminants and gastrointestinal helminthosis in small ruminants in north Cameroon / Njoya A, Ngo Tama A. Cll Trop Anim Health Prod 2000- 32:391103.
- Barrett T. / Dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses are genetically distinct from phocine distemper virusVisser, I.KG., Mammaev, L., Van Bressem, M.F., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E//Virology, 1993, 193: 1010−1012.
- Barrett T. Rinderpest and distemperviruses. In: R. G Webster and A. Granoff (eds).Encvci.Virol. 1994, 3: 1260−1268.
- Barrett T. Morbilliviruses: dangers old and new. In: Smith GL, McCauley JW, Rowlands DJ. New challenges to health: the threat of virus infection. Society for General Microbiology, Symposium 60. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press- 2001. p. 155−178.
- Baron M.D. The Plowright vaccine strain of Rinderpest virus has attenuating mutations in most genes/ Banyard A.C., Parida S., Barrett THJ. Gen. Virol, 2005, 86: 1093−1101.
- Bao J, Development of one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and quantization of peste des petits ruminants virus /Li L, Wang Z, Barrett T, Suo L, Zhao W, et al.// J. Virol.Methods.2008- 148:232−236.
- Beaton, W. G. (1955). Natural rinderpest in sheep and goats. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa, 2, 415
- Becker, S.A.W.E. 1988. Experimental peste des petits ruminants (goat plague) in goats and sheep. Can. J. Vet. Res., 52: 46−52.
- Bourdin P., La peste des petits ruminants et so prophylaxia an Senegal en Afrique de L’Ouest-Rev. Elev. Med. Pays trop, 1967, v.36, 4, p. 71−74.
- Bourdin P., Laurent A. Note sur la structure du virus de la Peste des petits ruminants-Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays trop, 1967, 20, 3, p. 383−386
- Bourdin, P. Emploi d’un vaccin antibovipestique produit sur cultures cellulaires dans la prophylaxie de la peste des petits ruminants au Dahomey./Rioche, M., and Laurent, A// Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop., 1970, 23: 295−300.
- Braide V.P. Peste des petits ruminants. FAO World Animal Review, 1981,39: 25−28.
- Brown, C.C. /An immunohistochemical study of the pneumonia caused by peste des petits ruminants virus./ Mariner, J.C. and Olander, H. J// Vet. Pathol., 1991,28: 166−170.
- Bundza A. Experimental peste des petits ruminants (goat plague) in goats and sheep/ Afshar A., Dukes T.W., Myers D.J., Dulac G.C. & Becker S.A.W.E// Can. J. Yet. Res., 1988, 52, 46−52.
- Chambers, R. Rural Development Putting the Last First. Longman Scientific and Technical, New York, 1983, p. 246.
- Chambers, R., The Origins and Practice of Participatory RuralAppraisal. World Dev. RRA Notes, 1994, 20: 115−123.
- Cilli V. La peste dei piccoli ruminanti/Arush M. A// Arcu. Vet. Ital., 1980, v.31,6, p. 147- 154.
- Cosby S. LCharacterisation of a seal morbillivirus. / Mc Quaid, N., Duffy, C., Lyons, B. K. Rima, G. M. et.al.//Nature (London) 1988,336:115−116.
- Couacy-Hymann E., RoderFRapid and sensitive detection of peste des petits ruminants virus by a polymerase chain reaction assay. / Hurard C., Guillou J.P., Libeau Gil J. Virol. Meth. -2002. -100. -P. 17−25.
- Dardiri A.H. Response of American goats and cattle to peste des petit ruminants / De Boer C. J, Hamdy F. M//Vet Lab Diagn 1976−337−344.
- Dhar P. Recent epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus /Sreenivasa BP, Barrett T, Corteyn M, Singh RP/ Bandyopadhyay SK. (PPRV). Vet Microbiol. 2002−88:153−159.
- Diallo A. Comparison of proteins induced in cells infected with rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses/ T. Barrett, P.-C. LefVevre, and W. P. Taylor// J. Gen. Virol., 1987,68:2033- 2038.
- Diallo A., T. Barrett M., Barbron S. M., Subbarao and W. P.Taylor. Differentiation of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants viruses using specific cDNA clones. J. Virol. Methods, 1989, 23:127−137.
- Diallo A., Taylor W.P., Zeferve P.C., Provost A. Attenuation souche de virus de la peste des petits ruminants: candidat peour un vaccine homologue vivant. // Revue Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop., 1989, № 42, p. 311−319.
- Diallo A., Libeau G., Couacy-Hymann E., Barbron M. Resent developments in the diagnosis of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants //Veterinary Microbiology. -1995, 44. -P. 307−317.
- Diop, M., Sarr, J. and Libeau, G. Evaluation of novel diagnostic tools for peste des petits ruminants virus in naturally infected goat herds. Epidemiology and Infection, 2005,133,711−717.
- Durojaiye O.A. Precipitating antibody in sera of goats naturally affected with peste des petits ruminants. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 1982, 14, 98−100.
- Durojaiye O.A., Obi T.U. & Ojo O. Virological and serological diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants. Trop. Vet., 1983, 1, 13−17.
- Durojaiye O.A. Detection of the antigen of peste des petits ruminants virus in tissues by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Niger. Vet. J., 1984,13, 77−80.
- Durojaiye O.A. & Taylor W.P. Application of counter current immunoelectro-osmophoresis to the serology of peste des petits ruminants. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop., 1984, 37, 272−276.
- El Hag Ali, and Taylor, W.P. The isolation of pests des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) from the Sudan. Res. Vet. Sci., 1983,36: 14.
- Ezeibe, M.C.O., Wosu L.O. and ErumakaJ.G. Standardisation of the haemagglutination test for peste des petits ruminants (PPR). Small Ruminant Research 2004, 51 269 272.
- Forsyth M.A. Barrett T. (1995). Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for the detection and characterisation of rinderpest and peste de petits ruminants viruses for epidemiological studies// Virus Res., v.39.- p. 151−163.
- Furley, C.W., Taylor, W.P. & Obi, T.U. An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in a zoological collection. Vet. Rec.(1987) 121 443 447.
- Gargadennec, L. & LaIanne, A. La peste des petits ruminants. Bull. Ser. Zootech. epiz. Afr. occ. francaise (1942) 5 16 21.
- Gibbs E.P.L., Taylor W.P., Lawman M.L.P. The isolation of adenoviruses from goats appected with peste des petits ruminants in Nigeria Res. Vet. Sci., 1977, v. 23, 3, p. 331−335.
- Gibbs, E.P.J., Taylor, W.P., Lawman, M.J.P., and Bryant, J. Classification of peste des petits ruminants virus as the fourth member of the genus Morbillivirus. Intervirol., 1979, 11: 268−274.
- Gilbert, Y., and Monnier, J. Adaptation du virus de la peste des petits ruminants aux cultures cellulaires. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet Pays Trop., 1962.4: 321−335.
- Govindarajan, R., Koteeswaran, A., Venugopalan, A.T., Shyam, G., Shaouna, S., Shaila, M.S. and Ramachandran, S. Isolation of pestes des petits ruminants virus from an outbreak in Indian buffalo (Buballus bubalus). Vet. Rec. 1997, 141: 573−574.
- Haffar A., Libeau G., Moussa A. The matrix protein gene sequence analysis reveals close relation ship between peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) //Veterinary Microbiology. -1999. -64. P. 69−75.
- Hamdy F.M., Dardyry A.H., Brease S.S., De Boer C.L. Immunological relationship brtween rinder pest and peste des petits ruminants viruses. Proc. 79th. An. Med. of the V.S. AnimHeatth Assoc. Portland, Oregon, 1975, p. 168−179.
- Hamdy F. M., A. H. Dardiri, O. Nduaka, S. S. Breese, and E. C. Ihemelandu. Etiology of stomatitis pneumoenteritis complex in Nigerian dwarf goats. Can. J. Comp. Med. 1976, 40:276−284.
- Hamdy F.M. and Dardiri, A.H.Response of white-tailed deer to infection with peste des petits ruminants virus. J. Wildlife Diseases, 1976, 12:516−522.
- Helder R.S., Barnett L.T.R., Gray D.F. Some virus diseases of domestic animals in the sultanate of Oman. Trop Amim HI thProd, 1980, v. 12, 2, p. 107−114.
- Haroun, M., Hajer, I., Mukhtar, M. & Ali, BE. (2002) Detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in sera of cattle, camels, sheep and goats in Sudan.Vet. Res. Communications 26 537 541.
- Ihemelandu E C, Hamdy F M, Dardiri A M, Nduaka O and Breese S S Jr. 1976. Etiology of the stomatitis pneumoenteritis complex in Nigerian Dwarf goats. Canadian Journal of Medicine 40:276 284.
- Imagawa D.T. Relationship among measles, canine distemper and rinderpest-viruses. Pradr. Med. Virol. 1968, v. 10, p. 160−193.
- Ismail I.M. and House, J. Evidence and identification of peste des petits ruminants from goats in Egypt. Archiv fur Experimentelle Veterinarmedizin, 1990, 44(3) :471−474.
- Johnson, R. H. An outbreak of rinderpest involving cattle and sheep. Veterinary Record, 1958, 70, 457−461
- Johnson R. H., Ritchie J. S. D. A., Virus associated with pseudorinderpest in Nigerian Dwarf goats. Bulletin of Epizootic Diseases of Africa 1968, 16:411−417.
- Komolate O.O., Ugwu H.O. and Ebirim R.A. An investigation into the possible role of peridomestic rats in the epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants in goats. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 1987, 35(3):207−210.
- KulkarniD.D, BhikaneA. U, ShailaM. S, VaralakshmiP, ApteM. P, NarladkarB.W. Peste des petits ruminants in goats in India. Vet Ree. 1996−138:187−188.
- Kwiatek O, Minet C, Grillet C, Hurard C, Carlsson E, Karimov B, et al. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) outbreak in Tajikistan. J. Comp. Pathol. 2007−136:111−119.
- Laurent A., Aspects biologiques de la multiplication au virus de la peste des petits ruminants on PPR sur les cultures cellulaires, Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays trop, 1968, v.21, 3, p. 297−308.
- Lefevre P. C. Peste des petits ruminants et infection bovipestique des ovins et caprins (Synthese bibliographique). Institut d’Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux, 94 704 Maisons-Alfort, France, 1982, 95 p.
- Lefevre P. C., and Diallo A. Peste des petits ruminants. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 1990, 9: 951−965.
- Libeau, J. and Scott, G. R. (1960). Rinderpest in EasternAfrica today. Bulletin of EpizooticDiseases ofAfrica, 8, 23−26.
- Lefevre P. C, Daillo A, Schenkel S, Hussein S, Staak G. Serological evidence of peste des petits ruminants in Jordan. Vet. Rec.- 1991.- P. 110−128.
- Libeau, G., A. Diallo, D. Calvez, and P. C. Lefevre. A competitive ELISA using anti-N monoclonal antibodies for specific detection of rinderpest antibodies in cattle and small ruminants. Vet. Microbiol. 1992, 31:147−160.
- Libeau G., Diallo A., Colas F. & Guerre L. Rapid differential diagnosis of rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants using an immunocapture ELISA. Vet. Rec., 1994, 134, 300−304.
- Libeau G., Prehaud C., Lancelot R., Colas F., Guerre L., Bishop D.H.L. & Diallo A. Development of a competitive ELISA for detecting antibodies to the peste des petits ruminants virus using a recombinant nucleoprotein. Res. Vet. Sci., 1995, 58, 50−55.
- Mahapatra M., Parida S., Baron M. D., Barrett T. Matrix protein and glycoproteins F and H of Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus function better as a homologous complex. J Gen K/ro/2006, 87: 2021−2029
- Mahdy M.M. et. Al. Pathological studies of rinderpest like diseases in deer and goats in the United Arab Emirates. Egyptian Journal of Comparative Pathology and Clinical Pathology, 1988, l (l):36−44.
- Majiyagbe K.A., Nawathe D.R. and Abegunde A. Rapid diagnosis of PPR infection, application of immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) technique. Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop., 1984, 37, 11−15.
- Manzoor Hussain, M. Amjad Malik, Zahida Fatima and M. Rizwan Yousuf. Participatory Surveillance of Livestock Diseases in Islamabad Capital Territory. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 2005/07−4-567−570
- Mariner, J.C. and P. L. Roeder, Use of Participatory Epidemiology in Studies of the Persistence of Lineage 2 Rinderpest Virus in East Africa. Vet. Rec., 2003, 152: 641−7.
- McCullough K.C., Obi T.U. Identification of epitope (s) on the internal virion proteins of rinderpest virus which are absent from peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) //Veterinary Microbiology. -1991. -26. P. 313−321.
- Mornet P. Orue J. Gilbert Y. Thiery G and Sow Mamadou. La peste des petite ruminants en Afrique occidentale francaise ses rapports avec la peste bovine. Revue d’elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux, 1956, 9:313−342.
- Nawathe D.R., Taylor, W.P. Experimental infection of domestic pigs with the virus of peste des petits ruminants. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod, 1979, 11:120 122.126.
- Nawathe D.R. The control of pestedes petits ruminants in Nigeria. Prev. Vet.Med. 1984, 2: 147−155.
- Obi T. U., Ojo, O. A. Durojaiye, O. B. Kasali, S. Akpavie, and D. B. Opasina. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats in Nigeria: clinical, microbiological and pathological features. ZentralbLVeterinaermed. Reihe B 1983, 30:751−761.
- Obi T. U., and D. Patrick. The detection of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus antigen by agar gel precipitation test and counter-immunoelectrophoresis. J. Hyg. 1984, 93:577−586.
- Obi T. U., and C. K. Ojeh. Dot enzyme immunoassay for visual detection of peste des petits ruminants virus antigen from infected caprine tissues. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1989, 27:2096−2099.
- Otte, E. (1960).Clinical studies on abu nini in the Sudan: acontagious disease of goats and sheep possibly caused bypleuropneumonia-like organism. Veterinary Record, 72,140−145.
- Ozkul A, Akca Y, Alkan F, Barrett T, Karaoglu T, Dagalp SB, et al. Prevalence, distribution, and host range of Peste des petits ruminants virus, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002−8:708−12.
- Pandey K. D., M. D. Baron and T. Barrett. 1992. Differential diagnosis of rinderpest and PPR using biotinylated cDNA probes. Vet. Rec. 131:199−200.
- Participatory disease surveillance: a field manual. EMPRES (Emergency Prevention System of Transboundary Animal and Plant pests diseases.) Rome, Italy: FAO, 2005.
- Pavathe D.E., Taylor W.P., Experimental infection of domestic pigs with the virus of peste des petits ruminants Trop. Trop Amim Hlth Prod, 1979, v. 11, p. 120−122.
- Perl S., Alexander A., Yakobson B., Nyska A., Harmelin A., Sheikhat N., Shimshony A., Davidson N., Abramson M. & Rapoport E. (1994). Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) of sheep in Israel: case report. Israel J. VetMed., 49 (2), 59- 62.
- Plowright W., Ferris R.D., Studies with rinderpest virus in tissue culture. The use of attenuated culture virus as a vaccine for cattle. Res. Vet. Sci., 1962, v.8, p. 172−182.
- Pronob Dhara, Sreenivasaa B.P., Barrett T., et al. Recent epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) //Veterinary Microbiology, 2002, 88. P.153−159.
- Roeder P. L, Abraham G, Kenfe G, Barrett T. Peste des petits ruminants in Ethiopian goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 1994, 26:69−73.
- Recognizing peste des petit ruminant: a field manual. EMPRES (Emergency Prevention System of Transboundary Animal and Plant pests diseases.) Rome, Italy: FAO, 1999.
- Roeder P. L, Obi T. U. Recognizing peste des petits ruminants: a field manual. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations- 1999.
- Rossiter, P. B. and Jessett, D. M. (1982). Detection of rinderpestvirus antigens in vitro and in vivo by direct immuno-fuorescence.Research in Veterinary Science, 33,198−204.
- Rowland A. C., Scott, G. R. and Hill, D. H. The pathology of an erosive stomatitis and enteritis inWestAfrican dwarf goats. Journal of Pathology, 1969, 98, 83−87.
- Rowland A. C. and Bourdin, P. The histological relationship between peste des petits ruminants and kata in West Africa. Revue d’Elevage et deMeLdecineVeL teLrinaire des Pays Tropicaux, (1970).23, 301−307.
- RowlandA.C., Scott, G.R., Ramachandran, S., and Hill, D.H.
- A comparative study of peste des petits ruminants and kata in West African dwarf goats. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod., 1971, 3: 241 245.
- Saitou N. and NeiM. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology Evolution, 1987, 4, 406−425.
- Saliki, J. T, Peste des petit ruminant In: US Animal Health Association, Committee on foreign animals diseases. Ed 6 Part IV Richmond VA: US Animal Health Assoc. 1998
- Schwabe, C.W., 1984. Veterinary Medicine and Human Health, p. 680. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.
- Scott.G.R. The incidence of rinderpest in sheep and goats. Bull.epiz.Dis.Afr. 1955, 3 117 119.
- ScottG.R. Rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants. In Vrus diseases of food animals, vol. II, Gibbs EPJ, ed., London: Academic Press, pp. 1988,401−432.
- Scott, G. R. Peste des petits ruminants. In: Virus Infections of Ruminants, Vol.3, Z. Dinter and B. Morein, Eds, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990, pp. 355−361.
- Shaila MS, Purushothaman V, Bhavasar D, Venugopal K, Venkatesan RA. Peste des petits ruminants of sheep in India. Vet Rec 1989- 125:602.
- Shaila, M.S., Shamaki, D., Morag, A.F., Diallo, A., Goatley, L., Kitching, R.P. and Barrett, T. Geographic distribution and epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants viruses Virus Res. 1996, 43: 149−153.
- Sil, B.J., TaimurMJ.F.A. Epidemiological study of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 2001.
- Singh R. P., SaravananP., Sreenivasa B. P., Singh R. K, & Bandyopadhyay S. K. Prevalence and distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus infection in small ruminants in India.Rev. sci. tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 2004a, 23 807−819.
- Singh R. P., Sreenivasa B. P., DharP. & Bandyopadhyay S. K. A. Sandwich-ELISA for the diagnosis of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) infection in small ruminants using anti-nucleocapsid protein monoclonal antibody. Arch. Virol. 2004 b, 149 2155 2170.
- Singh R. P., Sreenivasa B. P., DharP., Shah L. C. & Bandyopadhyay S. K. Development of a monoclonal antibody based competitive-ELISA for detection and titration of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus. Vet. Microbiol. 2004, 98 3 15.
- Sumption K.J., Aradom G., Libeau G. and Wilsmore A.J. Detection of peste des petits ruminants antigen in conjunctival smears of goats by indirect immunofluorescence. Vet. Rec., 1998, 142, 421−424.
- Taylor W.P. and Abegunde, A. The isolation of peste des petite ruminants virus from Nigerian sheep and goats. Res. Vet. Sci. 1979, 26: 94−96.
- Taylor W.P. Serological studies with the virus of peste des petits ruminants in Nigeria. Res. Vet. Sci., 1979, 26, 236−242.
- Taylor W. P. Protection of goats against peste des petits ruminants with attenuated rinderpest virus. Res Vet Sci. 1979−27:321−324.
- Taylor, W. P. The distribution and epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants. Prev. Vet. Med. 19 842:157−166.
- Taylor W.P., Albusaidy S. Barrett T. The epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants in the Sultanate of Oman //Vet.Microbiol., 1990. 22. P.-341−352
- Taylor W. P., DialloA., GopalakrishnaS., Sreeramalu P., et.al.Peste des petits ruminants has been widely present in southern India since, if not before, the late 1980s. Prev. Vet. Med. 2002, 52 305 -312.
- Toma B., Dufour B., Benet J.J., Moutou F., Louza A., Ellis P. Applied veterinary epidemiology and the control of disease in population//, 1999, France, 536p.
- TopluN. Characteristic and Non-characteristic Pathological Findings in Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) of Sheep in the Ege District of Turkey. J. Comp. Path. 2004, 131, 135−141.
- Wamwayi H. M., Rossiter P. B., Kariuki D.P., Wafula J. S., Barrett T. and Anderson J. Peste des petits ruminants antibodies in East Africa. Veterinary Record, 1995, 136,199−200.
- Worrwall E.E., Litamoi J.K., Seek B.M. & Ayelet G. Xerovac: an ultra rapid method for the dehydration and preservation of live attenuated rinderpest and peste des petits ruminant’s vaccines. Vaccine, 2001, 19, 834−839.
- Wosu L. O. Agglutination of red blood cells by peste des petite ruminants (PPR) virus. Nigerian Veterinary Journal 1985, 14:56−58.
- Wosu, L.O. Management of clinical cases of peste des petits ruminants in goats. Beitr Trop Landwirtsch Veterinarmed. 1989,27(3): 3 57−127.
- Wosu L.O. Hemagglutination test for diagnosis of peste des petits ruminant’s disease in goats with samples from live animals. Small Rumin. Res., 1991,5, 169−171.
- Wosu L.O. Current status of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) disease in small ruminants—a review article. Stud Res Vet Med 1994- 2:83−90.13.
- Yesilbag, K., Yilmaz, Z., Golcu, E. and Oe zkul, A. Peste des petits ruminants outbreak in western Turkey. Veterinary Record, 2005, 157, 260−261.
- ZhiliangWang, JingyueBao, XiaodongWu, YutianLiu, et. al. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Tibet, China. EIDJournalHome, 2009, V. 15, N. 2.
- Zwart D and Rowe L.W. The occurrence of rinderpest antibodies in the sera of sheep and goats in Northern Nigeria. Res.vet.Sci. 1966, 7, 504 511.