Роль белка HP1 в регуляции длины теломер у Drosophila melanogaster
Диссертация
Строение теломерных комплексов у организмов, имеющих теломеразо-зависимую регуляцию длины теломер, уже изучено достаточно детально. В тоже время известно только два белка, входящих в комплекс, кэпирующий концы хромосом D. melanogaster: НР1 (heterochromatin protein 1) и HOAP (HP1/ORC associated protein). Утверждение об их кэп-функции базируется на следующих фактах: белки НР1и, НО АР находятся… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- 1. ВВЕДЕНИЕ
- 2. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- 2. 1. Теломеры: структурное разнообразие
- 2. 2. Организация теломер у почкующихся дрожжей и млекопитающих
- 2. 3. Альтернативные пути удлинения теломер
- 2. 4. НеТ-А и TART элементы, особенности строения
- 2. 5. Ретротранспозоны и их участие в построении теломер
- 2. 6. Известные факторы, связанные с функциями теломер у Drosophila melanogaster
- 2. 7. Теломеры локализуются на ядерной оболочке
- 2. 8. Теломерный эффект положения у D. melanogaster
- 2. 9. Эволюционные аспекты особенностей теломер D. melanogaster
- 2. 9. 1. Теломеры дрозофилы утеряли теломеразу
- 2. 9. 2. Происхождение субтеломерных повторов D. melanogaster
- 2. 9. 3. Теломераза и non-LTR ретротранспозоны
- 2. 10. HP 1 — структурные особенности
- 2. 11. HP 1 и регуляция транскрипции
- 2. 12. Роль метилирования К9НЗ в хромосомной локализации НР
- 2. 13. Белки НР1, Su (var)3−9 и Su (var)3−7 действуют в комплексе, образуя прицентромерный гетерохроматин
- 2. 14. Теломеры дрозофилы и комплекс HPl/Su (var)3−9/Su (var)
- 2. 15. Белковые комплексы HP 1 /ORC/HOАР и HP 1/НОАР
- 2. 15. 1. Комплекс HP 1/ORC/HOАР инициирует сборку гетерохроматина
- 2. 15. 2. Особенности межбелковых взаимодействий в комплексе
- 2. 15. 3. Белок НОАР сильно изменчив у разных видов Drosophila
- 2. 15. 4. На теломерах D. melanogaster находится комплекс HP 1/НОАР
- 2. 16. НР1 взаимодействует с белком Ки
- 2. 17. HP 1 взаимодействует с LBR 57 2.1 В. Белок RB взаимодействует с НР
- 2. 19. Белок RB вовлечен в контроль длины телом ер у млекопитающих
- 2. 20. Фосфорилирование НР
- 3. 1. Генетические методы 63 3.1.1. Мутации и линии Drosophila melanogaster
- 3. 2. Молекулярные методы
- 3. 2. 1. Выделение ДНК из дрозофилы
- 3. 2. 2. Саузерн-блот анализ 64 3.2.2.1. Рестрикция, электрофорез и мобилизация ДНК на мембрану
- 3. 2. 2. 2. Гибридизация ДНК на мембране с радиоактивными зондами
- 3. 2. 3. Амплификация ДНК
- 3. 2. 4. Секвенирование плазмид и ПЦР продуктов
- 3. 2. 5. Работа с плазмидной ДНК
- 3. 2. 5. 1. Трансформация бактериальных клеток плазмидами
- 3. 2. 5. 2. Выделение ДНК плазмид методом щелочного лизиса 66 1 3.2.5.3. Выделение фрагментов ДНК из геля и очистка ДНК от продуктов ферментативных реакций
- 3. 2. 6. Выделение РНК из мух с протеиназой К
- 3. 2. 7. Электрофорез РНК и Нозерн-блот гибридизация
- 4. 2. Скорость деградации концевых последовательностей не изменяется на фоне Su (var)2−5 мутаций
- 4. 3. Возможные механизмы НеТ-А and TARТприсоединений к терминальным последовательностям тепа, yellow
- 4. 4. Su (var)2−5 мутации не усиливают генную конверсию по матрице на гомологичной хромосоме
- 4. 5. Линии D. melanogaster с Su (var)2−5 мутациями обычно содержат большое количество НеТ-А и TART элементов
- 4. 6. Su (var)2−5 мутации активируют транскрипцию НеТ-А элементов
- 5. 1. Белок НР1 участвует в контроле длины теломер у Drosophila melanogaster
- 5. 2. Мутации в гене Su (var)2−5 способствуют удлинению хромосомы разными способами
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