Идентификация, молекулярно-биологическая характеристика и анализ циркуляции ротавирусов разных G[P] типов
Диссертация
К настоящему времени показано существование географических различий в распространенности различных серотипов и генотипов ротавируса, установлен факт их временного перераспределения, зафиксировано появление большого количества нетипируемых штаммов и постоянно сообщается о находках новых, эпидемически значимых вариантов ротавируса. В связи с этим для разработки универсальной вакцины и оценки… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- I. ВВЕДЕНИЕ
- П.ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- 1. Значимость РВГЭ в инфекционной патологии детей на современном этапе
- 2. Структурная и молекулярная организация ротавириона
- 2. 1. Вирион и его структурные белки
- 2. 2. Неструктурные белки ротавируса
- 2. 3. Геном
- 3. Разнообразие G[P] типов ротавирусов
- 3. 1. G[P] типы ротавируса человека и их распределение в мире
- 3. 2. Механизмы изменчивости и возникновения новых G[P] типов ротавирусов
- 3. 3. Разработка ротавирусной вакцины
- III. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ
- 1. Исследуемые объекты
- 2. Иммуноферментный анализ
- 3. Электронная микроскопия
- 4. Электрофоретипирование РНК ротавирусов в ПААГ
- 5. Обратная транскрипция-полимеразная цепная реакция
- 6. G и [Р]-генотипирование ротавирусов с использованием ПЦР
- 7. Определение нуклеотидной последовательности гена энтеротоксина NSP
- 8. Статистический анализ результатов
- IV. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ И ИХ ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ
- 1. Разработка методологии [Р]-генотипирования ротавирусов
- 1. 1. Оптимизация метода ОТ-ПЦР для выявления РНК гена VP4 и оценка его эффективности
- 1. 2. Оптимизация метода ОТ-ПЦР для [Р]- генотипирования ротавирусов
- 2. Особенности циркуляции ротавирусов разных G[P] типов в Нижегородской области в 1997—2005 гг.
- 2. 1. Электрофоретипирование РНК ротавирусов
- 2. 2. G и [Р] генотипирование природных изолятов ротавируса и анализ их распределения
- 2. 3. Определение субтипа ротавирусов Р[8] генотипа
- 2. 3. 1. Разработка методики субтипирования аллелей гена VP4 генотипа Р[8]
- 2. 3. 2. Анализ смены субгенотипа в процессе многолетней циркуляции ротавирусов G1P[8] типа
- 2. 3. 3. Клинические проявления РВГЭ, вызванного ротавирусом типа G1P[8]
Список литературы
- Васильев Б.Я. Острые кишечные заболевания. Ротавирусы и ротавирусная инфекция / Васильев Б. Я., Васильева Р. И., Лобзин Ю. В. — СПб.: «Лань», 2000. 272 с.
- Гланц С. Медико-биологическая статистика. М.: Практика, 1999. -459 с.
- Дроздов С.Г., Покровский В. И., Шекоян Л. А., Машилов В. П. Ротавирусный гастроэнтерит. М.: Медицина, 1982. — 160 с.
- Инфекционная заболеваемость в Российской Федерации в 2000—2001 гг. Информационный сборник статистических и аналитических материалов. М., 2002.
- Карпович Л.Г., Петухов В. Г., Евреинова Е. Э. Калашникова Т.В., Карпова Е. В. Оценка эффективности препаратов для диагностики ротавирусной инфекции в условиях натуральных испытаний // Вопр. вирусол. — 1999. — N 2. — С.82−85.
- Королев М.Б. Электронно-микроскопические методы выявления вирусов // Итоги науки и техники. Вирусология. Т.9 М., 1980. — С. 114−151.
- Мухина А.А., Шипулин Г. А. Боковой А.Г. и др. Диагностика ротавирусной инфекции методом полимеразной цепной реакции // Эпидемиол. и инф. болезни. 2002. — N 2. — С.43−47.
- Новикова Н.А., Анцупова А. С., Епифанова Н. В., Альтова Е. Е. Электрофоретический анализ геномной РНК ротавирусов человека // Молекул, генетика. 1989. -N 5. — С.45−49.
- Новикова Н.А., Альтова Е. Е., Носкова Н. В. и др. Обнаружение ротавирусной РНК в носоглоточных смывах методов молекулярной гибридизации // Журн. микробиол. 1991. — N 4 — С.23−25.
- Новикова Н.А., Епифанова Н. В., Альтова Е. Е. и др. Электрофоретипирование ротавирусов при клинико-эпидемиологическом изучении инфекции // Журн. микробиол. 1992. — N 2 — С.31−34.
- Новикова Н.А. Генетические и антигенные варианты ротавируса человека, циркулирующие на европейской территории России: Автореф. дис. д-ра биол. наук. Москва, 1998.-49 с.
- Приоритетные направления научных исследований, предпринимаемых в целях создания вакцин против диарейных болезней: меморандум ВОЗ // Бюл. ВОЗ. 1991.-N6.-С. 19−28.
- Сенгер М., Берг П. Гены и геномы: в 2-х томах. М. — 1998. — 373 с.
- Сироткин А.К., Романовская-Романько Е.А., Третьякова Н. В. Циркуляция ротавирусов группы, А в Санкт-Петербурге в 2002—2003 гг. // Матер. 3-й Междунар конф.: Идеи Пастера в борьбе с инфекциями. СПб. -2003.-С. 118.
- Цилинский Я.Я. Популяционная структура и эволюция вирусов. М.: Медицина, 1988.-240 с.
- Anand Т., Narasa Raju T.A., Vishnu C. et al. Development of Dot-ELISA for the detection of rotavirus antigen and comparison with RNA-PAGE // Letters of Appl. Microbiol. 2001. — Vol. 32. — P. 176 — 180.
- Arias C., Isa P., Guerrero A. et al. Molecular biology of rotavirus cell entry //Arch, of Med. Research. 2002. — Vol. 33.-P. 356−361.
- Arias C., Dector M., Segovia L. et al. RNA silencing of rotavirus gene expression // Virus Research. 2004. — Vol. 102. — P. 43−51.
- Banyai K., Gentsch J.R., Glass R.I. et al. Eight-year survey of human rotavirus strains demonstrates circulation of unusual G and P types in Hungary // J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004. — Vol. 42, N 1. — P. 393−397.
- Barro M, Patton J.T. Rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 subverts innate immune response by inducing degradation of IFN regulatory factor 3 // PNAS USA. -2005.-Vol.102.-P. 4114−9.
- Beards G. M., Desselberger U., Flewett Т. H. Temporal and geographical distributions of rotavirus serotypes, 1983 to 1988// J. Clin. Microbiol. 1989. — Vol. 27.-P. 2827−2873.
- Besalaar T. G., Rosenblatt A., Kidd A.H. Atypical rotavirus from South African neonates: Brif report // Arch. Virol. 1986. — Vol. 87. — P. 327−330.
- Bhan M. K., Lew J.F., Sazawal S. et al. Protection conferred by neonatal rotavirus infection against subsequent diarrhea // J. Infect. Dis. 1993. — Vol. 168. -P. 282−287.
- Bines J. E, Ivanoff В., Justice F., Mulholland K. Clinical case definition for the diagnosis of acute intussusception // J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2004. — Vol. 39.-P. 511−518.
- Bines J.E. Rotavirus vaccines and intussusception risk // Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 2005. — Vol. 21. — P. 20−25.
- Bishop R.F., Unicomb L.E., Barnes G.L. Epidemiology of rotavirus serotypes in Melbourn, Ausralia, from 1973−1989 // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1991. -Vol. 29, N 5. — P. 862−868.
- Bishop R. F., Masendycz P. J, Bugg H.C. et al. Epidemiological patterns of rotaviruses causing severe gastroenteritis in young children throughout Australia from 1993 to 1996//J. Clin. Microbiol.-2001.-Vol. 39.-P. 1085−1091.
- Bowman G.D., Nodelman I., Levy O. et al. Crystal structure of the oligomerization domen of NSP from rotavirus reveals a core metal-binding site // J. Mol. Biol. 2000. — Vol. 304. — P. 861−871.
- Bresse J.S., Glass R.I., Ivanoff В., Gentsch J.R. Current status and future priorities for rotavirus vaccine development, evaluation and implementation in developing countries // Vaccine. 1999. — Vol. 17. — P. 2207−2222.
- Broor S., Ghosh D., Mathur P. Molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses in India // Indian. J. Med. Res. 2003. — Vol. 118. — P. 59−67.
- Brussow H., Bruttin A., Marc-Martin S. Polypeptide composition of rotavirus empty capsids and their possible use as a subunit vaccine // J. Virol. 1990. -Vol. 64, N8.-P. 3635−3642.
- Carpio R.V., Gonzalez-Nilo F.D., Jayaram H. Role of the histidine triadlike motif in nucleotide hydrolysis by the rotavirus RNA-packaging protein NSP2 // J. Biol Chem. 2004. — Vol. 279. — P. 10 624−33.
- Chen Y., Zhao J., Yan L. Comparison of three methods in detection of rotavirus in neonates // Zhongulua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi -1999.-Vol. 31.-P. 180−182.
- Clark H.F., Bernstein D.I., Dennehy P.H. et al. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of a live, quadrivalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine in healthy infants // J. Pediatr. 2004. — Vol. 144. — P. 558.
- Clarke I.N., McCrae. A rapid and sensitive method for analyzing the genome profiles of field isolates of rotavirus // J. of Virol. Methods. 1981. — Vol. 2. -P. 203−209.
- Coluchi N., Munford V., Manzur J. et al. Detection, subgroup specifity and genotype diversity of rotavirus strain in children with acute diarrhea in Paraguay // J. Clin. Microbiol. -2002. Vol. 40. — P. 1709−1714.
- Cook JP, McCrae MA. Sequence analysis of the guanylyltransferase (VP3) of group A rotaviruses // J. Gen Virol. 2004. — Vol. 85. — P. 929−932.
- Costa P., Cardoso D., Grisi S. et al. Rotavirus A infections and reinfecrions genotyping and vaccine implications // J. Pediatr (Rio J). 2004. — Vol.80. — P. 119 122.
- Coulson B.S., Gentsch J.R., Das B.K., et al. Comparison of enzyme immunoassay and reverse transcriptase PCR for identification of serotype G9 rotaviruses//J. Clin. Microbiol. 1999.-Vol. 37, N 10. — P. 3187 — 3193.
- Crawford Sue E., Mukherjee S.K., Estes M.K. et al. Trypsin cleavage stabilizes the rotavirus VP4 spike // J. of Virology. 2001. — Vol.75, N 13. — P. 60 526 061.
- Cunliffe N.A., Gondwe J.S., Graham S.M. et al. Rotavirus strain diversity in Blantyre, Malawi from 1997 to 1999 // J. of Clin. Microbiol. 2001. — Vol. 39, N 3.-P. 836−843.
- Cunliffe N.A., Breses J.S., Gentsch J.R. et al. The expanding diversity of rotaviruses // Lancet. 2002. — Vol. 359. — P. 640−641.
- Cunliffe N.A., Nakagomi O. A clinical time for rotavirus vaccine: a review // Expert Rev Vaccines. 2005. — V. 4. — P. 521−532.
- Das B.K., Gentsch J.R., Cicirello H.G. et al. Characterization of rotavirus strains from newborns in New Delhi, India // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1994. — Vol. 32, N 7.-P. 1820−1822.
- De Leener K., Rahman M., Matthijnssens J. et al. Human infection with a P14., G3 lapine rotavirus // Virology 2004. — Vol. 20. — P. 11−17.
- De Vos В., Vesikari Т., Linhares A.C. et al. A rotavirus vaccine for prophylaxis of infants against rotavirus gastroenteritis // Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. -2004.-Vol. 23.-P. 179−182.
- Dormitzer P.R., Greenberg H.B., Harrison S.C. Proteolysis of monomeric recombinant rotavirus VP4 yields an oligomeric VP5* core // J. Virol. 2001. — Vol. 75.-P. 7339−7350.
- Dormitzer P.P., Sun Z-Y. J., Wagner G., Harrison S.C. The rhesus rotavirus VP4 sialic acid binding domain has a galestin fold with a novel carbohydraten binding site // The EMBO Journal. 2002. — Vol. 21, N 5. — P. 885−897.
- Dus Santos M. J., Wigdorovitz A. Transgenic plants for the production of veterinary vaccines // Immunol. Cell. Biol. 2005. — Vol. 83. — P. 229−38.
- Eichwald C., Rodriguez J.F., Burrone O.R. Characterization of rotavirus NSP2/NSP5 interactions and the dynamics of viroplasm formation // J. Gen Virol. 2004-Vol. 85.-P. 625−34.
- Estes M.K., Cohen J. Rotavirus gene structure and function // Microbiological Reviews. 1989. — P.410−449.
- Estes M.K. Rotaviruses and their replication. In Fields B.N., Knipe D.N., Howley P.M. et al. Fields virology, Raven Press, New York, 1996. P. 1625−1655.
- Estes M. K. Rotaviruses and their replication. In Fields B.N. Knipe D.N., Howley P.M., Griffin D.E. et al. Virology, Philadelphia, 2001. P. 1747−1785.
- Fischer Т.К., Steinsland H., Molbak K. et al. Genotype profiles of rotavirus strains from children in a suburban community in Guinea-Bissau, Western Africa // J. of Clin. Microbiol. 2000.-Vol. 38, N l.-P. 264−267.
- Fischer Т.К., Eugen-Olsen J., Pedersen A.G. Characterization of rotavirus strains in a Danish population: high frequency of mixed infections and diversitywithin the VP4 gene of P8. strains I I J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005. — Vol. 43. — P. 10 991 104.
- Flewett Т.Н., Woode G.N. The rotaviruses. Brief review // Arch. Virol. -1978. Vol.57, N 1,-P. 1−23.
- Gault E., Chikhi-Brachet R., Delon S. et al. Distribution of human rotavirus G types circulating in Paris, Frace, during the 1997−1998 epidemic: high prevalence of type G4 // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1999. — Vol. 37. — P. 2373−2375.
- Gault E., Schnepf N., Poncet D. et al. A human rotavirus with rearranged genes 7 and 11 encodes a modified NSP3 protein and suggests an additional mechanism for gene rearrangement// J. Virol. 2001. -Vol. 75. — P. 7305−14.
- Gentsch J.R., Glass R.I., Woods P. et al. Identification of group A rotavirus gene 4 types by polymerase chain reaction // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1992. — Vol. 30. -P. 1365−1373.
- Gentsch J.R., Woods P.A., Ramachandran M. et al. Review of G and P typing results from a global collection of rotavirus strains: implications for vaccine development // J. Infect. Dis. 1996. Vol. 174, N 1. — P. 30 -36.
- Gentsch JR, Laird AR, Bielfelt B. et al. Serotype Diversity and Reassortment between Human and Animal Rotavirus Strains: Implications for Rotavirus Vaccine Programs // J. Infect. Dis. 2005. — Vol. 12. — P. 146−59.
- Gerna G., Sarasini A., Matteo A. et al. Serotype 3 human rotavirus strains with subgroup I specificity // J. Clin. Microbial. 1990. — Vol. 26, N 6. — P. 13 421 347.
- Gilbert J.M., Feng N., Patton J.T., Greenberg H.B. Rotavirus assembly -interaction of surface protein VP7 with middle layer protein VP6 // Arch. Virol. -2001.-Vol. 146. P. 1155−1171.
- Glass R.I., Kilgore P.E., Holman R.C. et al. The epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in the United States: surveillance and estimates of disease burden // J. Infect. Dis. 1996. — Vol. 174, N 11. — P. 5−11.
- Glass R.I., Bresee J.S., Ivanoff B. Rotavirus vaccines for developing countries // Weakly Epidemiol. Rep. 1997. — Vol. 6. — P. 35−40.
- Glass R.I., Bhan M.K., Ray P. et al. Development of candidate vaccines derived from neonatal strain in India // J. Infect. Dis. 2005. — Vol. 192. — P. 30−35.
- Glass R.I., Bresee J.S., Turcios R. et al. Rotavirus vaccines: targeting the developing world // J. Infect Dis. 2005. — Vol. 192. — P. 160−6.
- Golantsova N.E., Gorbunova E.E., Mackow E.R. Discrete domains the rotavirus VP5* direct peripheral membrane association and permeability // J. Virol. -2004. Vol.78. — P. 2037−44.
- Gouvea V., Glass R., Wood P. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1990. -Vol. 28, N2.-P. 276−282.
- Gouvea V., Lima R., Linhares R. et al. Identification of two lineages (Wa-like and F45-like) within the major rotavirus genotype P8. // Virus Research. 1999. -Vol. 59.-P. 141−147.
- Gunson R.N., Miller j., Leonard A. et al. Importance of PCR in the diagnosis and understanding of rotavirus illness in the community // Common. Dis. Public. Health. 2003. — Vol. 6. — P. 63 — 65.
- Haber P., Chen R.T., Zanardi L.R. et al An analysis of rotavirus vaccine reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system: more than intussusception alone? // Pediatrics. 2004. — Vol. 113. — P. 353−9.
- Haffejee I. Neonatal rotavirus infections // Rev. Infec. Diseases. 1991. -Vol. 13, N5.-P. 957−962.
- Heaton P.M., Gouvea M.G., Miller J.M. et al. Development of a Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine against Prevalent Serotypes of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis // J. Infect. Dis. 2005. — Vol. 192. — P. 17−21.
- Herring A.J., Inglis N.F., Ogen C.K. et al. Rapid diagnosis of rotavirus infection by direct detection of viral nucleic acid in silver-stained polyacrilamide gels // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1982. — V. 16, N 3. — P. 473−477.
- Herrmann J.E., Chan S.C., Fynan E.F. Protection against rotavirus infection by DNA vaccination // J. Infect. Dis. 1996. — Vol. 174, N 11. — P. 93−97.
- Herrmann J.E., Chan S.C., Jones D.H. et al. Immune responses and protection obtained by oral immunization with rotavirus VP4 and VP7 DNA vaccine encapsulated in microparticles // Virology. 1999. — Vol. 259, N 1. — P. 148−153.
- Holmes J.L., Kirkwood C.D., Gerna G., et al. Characterization of unusual G8 rotavirus strains isolated from Egyptian children // Arch. Virol. 1999. — Vol. 144, N 7. — P.1381−1396.
- Hoshino Y., Kapikian A.Z. Classification of rotavirus VP4 and VP7 serotypes // Arch Virol. 1996. — Vol. 12. — P. 99−111.
- Hoshino Y, Jones RW, Ross J et al. Human rotavirus strains bearing VP4 gene P6. allele recovered from asymptomatic or symptomatic infections share similar, if not identical, VP4 neutralization // Virology. 2003. — Vol. 10. — P. 1−8.
- Hoshino Y., Jones R. W., Ross J., Kapikian A. Z. Porcine rotavirus strain Gottfried-based human rotavirus candidate vaccines: construction and characterization // Vaccine. 2005. — Vol. 31. — P. 3791−9.
- Iturriza-Gomara M., Green J., Brown W.G. David et all. Diversity within the VP4 gene of rotavirus P8. strains: implications for reverse transcription-PCR genotyping//J. of Clin. Microbiol. 2000. — Vol. 898−901.-P. 898−901.
- Iturriza-Gomara М., Green J., Brown W.G., David. Molecular epidemiology of human group A rotavirus infections in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1998 //J. of Clin. Microbiol. 2000.-Vol.38, N 1. — P. 4394−4401.
- Iturriza-Gomara M., Isherwood В., Desselberger U., Gray J. Reassortment In Vivo: Driving Force for Diversity of Human Rotavirus Strains Isolated in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 1999 // J. Virology. 2001. — Vol. 75. — N 8. — P. 3696−3705.
- Iturriza-Gomara M., Anderton E., Kang G. et al. Evidence for genetic linkage between the gene segments encoding NSP4 and VP6 proteins in common and reassortant human rotavirus strains // J. Clin Microbiol. 2003. — Vol. 41. — P. 3566−3573.
- Iturriza-Gomara M., Kang G., Gray J. Rotavirus genotyping keeping up with an evolving population of human rotaviruses // J. Clin Virol. 2004. — Vol. 31. -P. 259−65.
- Iturriza-Gomara M., Kang G., Mammen A. et al. Characterization of G10P11. rotaviruses causing acute gastroenteritis in neonates and infants in Vellore, India // J. Clin. Microbiol. 2004. — Vol. 42. — P. 2541−2547.
- Jayaram H., Estes M.K., Prasad V. Emerging themes in rotavirus cell entry, genome organization, transcription and replication // Virus Research. 2004. — Vol. 101.-P. 67−81.
- Johansen K., Bernet R., Bondesson K. et al. Incidence and estimates of the disease burden of rotavirus in Sweden // Acta Paediatr. 1999. — Vol. 88, N 426. — P. 20−23.
- Kapikian A.Z., Hoshino R.M., Chanock I.P.-S. Advances in the development of a rotavirus vaccine for preventing severe pediatric gastroenteritis // Идеи Пастера в борьбе с инфекциями. Междунар. симп., поев, году Пастера. — 1995, СПб.-Р. 146−146.
- Kapikian A.Z., Simonsen L., Vesikari Т. et al. A Hexavalent Human Rotavirus-Bovine Rotavirus (UK) Reassortant Vaccine Designed for Use in
- Developing Countries and Delivered in a Schedule with the Potential to Eliminate the Risk of Intussusception // J. Infect. Dis. 2005. — Vol. 192. — P. 22−29.
- Kasule M., Sebunya Т.К., Gashe B.A. et al. Detection and characterization of human rotavirus among children with diarrhea in Botswana // Trop. Med. Int. Health. 2003. — Vol. 8. — P. 1137 — 42.
- Kearney K., Chen D., Taraporewala Z.F. et al. Cell-line-induced mutation of the rotavirus genome alters expression of an IRF3-interacting protein // The EMBO Journal. 2004. — Vol. 23. — P. 4072−81.
- Kelkar S.D., Ray P.G., Bedekar S.S. Assay of neutralizing antibodies to animal rotavirus strains and human rotavirus serotype G8 by a modified method in the residents of Pune, India // J. Diarrhoeal. Dis. Res. 1996. — Vol. 14, N 2. — P. 101−106.
- Khalili B, Cuevas LE, Reisi N. et al. Epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea in Iranian children // J. Med. Virol. 2004. — Vol. 73. — P. 309−312.
- Kilgore P.E., Unicomb L.E., Gentsch J.R. et al. Neonatal rotavirus infection in Bangladesh: strain characterization and risk factors for nosocomial infection // Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 1996. — Vol. 15, N 8. — P. 672−677.
- Kirkwood C.D., Bishop R.F., Coulson B.S. Human rotavirus VP4 contains strain-specific, serotype-specific and cross-reactive neutralization sites // Arch. Virol. 1996. — Vol. 141, N 3−4. — P. 587−600.
- Kirkwood C., Palombo E. Genetic characterization of the rotavirus nonstructural protein, NSP4 // Virology. 1997. — Vol. 236. — P. 257−265.
- Kirkwood C.D., Gentsch J.R., Hoshino Y. et al. Genetic and antigenic characterization of a serotype P6. G9 human rotavirus strain isolated in the United States // Virology. 1999. — Vol. 256, N 1. — P. 45−53.
- Kirkwood C., Bogdanovic-Sakran N., Ruth B. et al. Report of the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program 2003−2004 // Commun. Dis. Intell. -2004.-Vol. 28.-P. 481−485.
- Kojima К., Taniguchi К., Kawagishi-Kobayashi M. et al. Rearrangement generated in double genes, NSP1 and NSP3, of viable progenies from a human rotavirus strain // Virus Res. 2000. — Vol. 67. — P. 163−171.
- Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structure proteins during the assembly of bacteriophage T4 // Nature. 1970. — Vol. 227. — P. 680−685.
- Laird A. R., Gentsch J. R., Nakagomi T. et al. Characterization of Serotype G9 rotavirus strain isolated in the United States and India 1993−2001 // J. of Clin. Microbiol. 2003. — Vol. 41. — P. 3100 -3111.
- Larralde G., Gorziglia M. Distribution of conserved and specific epitopes on the VP8 subunit of rotavirus VP4 //J. Virol. 1992. — Vol. 66, n 12. — P. 74 387 443.
- Laubereau В., Gateau S., Ehlken B. et al. Rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children. Results of a prospective study in the area of Geneva and Basel 1997/1998 // Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 1999. -Vol. 129, N 7. — P. 1822−1830.
- Lepault J., Peptidas I., Erk I.et.al. Structural polymorphism of the major capsid protein of rotavirus // The ENBO Journal. 2001. — Vol. 20, N 7. — P. 1498 -1507.
- Linhares A.C., Mascarenhas I.D., Gusmao R.H. et al. Neonatal rotavirus infection in Belem, Northen Brazil: Nosocomial transmission of a P6. G2 strain // J. Met. Virol. 2002. — Vol. 67, N 3. — P. 418−426.
- Linhares A.C., Ruiz-Palacios G.M., Guerrero M.L. et al. A short report on hinhlights of worl-wide development of RIX4414: A Latin American experience // Vaccine.-2005.
- Liprandi F., Gerder M., Bastidas Z. et al. A novel type of VP4 carried by a porcine rotavirus strain // Virology. 2003. — Vol. 25. — P. 373−80.
- Liu X., Li J. Q., Xiong X. Y. et al. Protective efficacy of recombinant rotavirus epitope-based vaccine in mice // Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2005. — Vol. 27. — P. 216−22.
- Lo J.Y., Szeto K.C., Tsang D.N. et al. Changing epidemiology of rotavirus G-types circulating in Hong Kong, China // J. Med. Virol. 2005. — Vol. 75. — P.170.173.
- Lopes Т., Camacho M., Zayas R. et al. Silencing the morphogenesis ofф rotavirus // J. Virol. 2005. — Vol. 79. — P. 184−192.
- Mascarenhas I.D., Linhares A.C., Gabbay Y.B. Detection and characterization of rotavirus G and P types from children participating in a rotavirus vaccine in Belem, Brazil // Met. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 2002. — Vol. 97, N 1. — P. 113−117.
- Masendycz P.J., Unicomb L.E., Kirkwood C.D., Bishop R.F. Rotavirus serotypes causing severe acute diarrhea in young children in six Australian cities, 1989 to 1992 // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1994. — Vol. 32, N 9. — P. 2315−2317.
- Mattion N.M., Bellinzoni R.C., Blackhall J.O. et al. Genome rearrangements in porcine rotaviruses: Biochemical and comparisons between a supershort strain and standard counterpart // J. Gen. Virol. 1990. — Vol. 71. — P. 335−362.
- Maunula L., Bonsdorff C.-H. Short sequences define genetic lineage’s phylogenetic analysis of group A rotavirus based on partial sequences of genome segment 4 and 9 // J. Gen. Virol. 1998. — Vol.79. — P.321−332.
- Mclntyre M., Rosenbaum V., Rappold W. et al. Biophysical characterization of rotavirus particles containing rearranged genomes // J. Gen. Virol.- 1987. Vol. 68. — P. 2961−2966.
- Midthun K., Halsey N.A., Jett-Goheen M. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of human rotavirus vaccine strain M37 in adults, children and infants // J. Infect. Dis.- 1991. Vol. 164. — P. 792−796.
- Min B.S., Noh Y.J., Shin J.H. et al. Surveillance study (2000 to 2001) of G- and P-type human rotaviruses circulating in South Korea // J. Clin. Microbiol. -2004.-Vol. 42.-P. 4297−99.
- Mohan K.V., Muller J., Som I., Atreya C.D. The N- and C-terminal regions of rotavirus NSP5 are the critical determinants for the formation of viroplasm-like structures independent of NSP2 // J Virol. 2004. — Vol. 78 — P. 4951.
- Mori Y, Sugiyama M, Takayama M. et al. Avian-to-mammal transmission of an avian rotavirus: analysis of its pathogenicity in a heterologous mouse model // Virology. 2001. — Vol. 15. — P. 63−70.
- Nakata S., Gatheru Z., Ukae S., Adachi N. et al. Epidemiological study of the G serotype distribution of group A rotaviruses in Kenya from 1991 to 1994 // J. Med. Virol. 1999. — Vol. 58, N 3. — P. 296−303.
- Nakagomi O., Nakagomi Т., Akatani K., Ikegami N. Identification of rotavirus genogroups by RNA-RNA hybridization // Mol. and cell. Probes. 1989. -Vol. 9.-P. 251−261.
- Nakagomi O., Isegawa Y., Heola S. et al. Nucleotide sequence comparison of the VP4 gene of rotaviruses processing AU-1 gene 4 allele // J. Gen. Virol. 1993. -Vol. 74, N8.-P. 1709−1713.
- O’Brien G.J., Bryant C.J., Voogd C. et al. Rotavirus VP6 expressed by PVX vectors in Nicotiana benthamiana coats PVX rods and also assembles into virus-like particles // Virology. 2000. — Vol. 270, N 2. — P. 444−453.
- Offit P.A. The rotavirus vaccine // J. Clin. Virology. 1998. — Vol. 11. — P. 155−159.
- Oh D.Y., Gaedicke G., Schreier E. Viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in
- German children: prevalence and molecular diversity // J. Med. Virol. 2003. — Vol.71, N 1. P. 82−93. i
- OMahony J., Foley В., Morgan S. VP4 and VP7 genotyping of rotavirus samples recovered from infected children in Ireland over a 3-year period // J. of Clin. Microbiol. 1999.-Vol. 38, N6.-P. 1699−1703.
- Padilla-Noriega L., Mendez-Toss M., Menchaca G. et al. Antigenic and genomic diversity of human rotavirus VP4 in two consecutive epidemic seasons in Mexico // J. Clin Microbiol. 1998. — Vol. 36, N 6. — P. 1688−1692.
- Palombo E.A. Genetic and antigenic diversity of human rotaviruses: potential impact on the success of candidate vaccines // FEMS Microbiol. Lett. -1999.-Vol. 181, N1.-P. 1−8.
- Parashar U.D., Hummelman E.G., Bresee J.S. et al. Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children // Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2003. — Vol. 9. -P. 562−572.
- Parra G.I., Bok K., Martinez M., Gomez J.A. Evidence of rotavirus intragenic recombination between two sublineages of the same genotype // J. Gen. Virol. 2004. — Vol. 85. — P. 1713−6.
- Patton J. and Spencer E. Genome replication and packaging of segmented double-stranded RNA viruses // Virology. 2000. — Vol. 277. — P. 217−225.
- Patton J.T., Taraporewala Z., Chen D. et al. Effect of intragenic rearrangement and changes in the 3' consensus sequence on NSP1 expression and rotavirus replication // J. Virol. 2001. — Vol. 75. — P. 2076−86.
- Pesavento J.B., Lawton J., Estes M.K. The reverse consideration and expansion of the rotavirus genome // PNAS. 2001. — Vol. 98, N 4. — P. 1381−1386.
- Phua K.B., Quak S.H., Lee B.W. et al. Evaluation of RIX4414, A Live, Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccine, in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial Involving 2464 Singaporean Infants // J. Infect. Dis. 2005. — Vol. 192. -P. 6−16.
- Podewils L.J., Antil L., Hummelman E. et al. Projected cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination for children in Asia // J. Infec. t Dis. 2005. — Vol. 192. — P. 133−45.
- Pongsuwanna Y., Guntapong R., Chiwakul M. et al. Detection of a human rotavirus with G12 and P9. specificity in Thailand // J. Clin Microbiol. 2002. -Vol. 40.-P. 1390−1394.
- Prasad B.V., Marietta E., Estes M.K., Chiu W. Localization of VP4 neutralization sites in rotavirus by threedimensional cryo-electron microscopy // Nature. 1990. — Vol. 343, N 6257. — P. 476−479.
- Protocol on rotavirus surveillance and health care utilization for gastroenteritis in children. WHCW&B/02.15. 2002.
- Rahman M., Sultana R., Podder G. et al. Typing of human rotavirus: Nucleotide mismatches between the VP4 gene and primer are associated with genotyping failure // Virol. 2005. — Vol. 24. — P. 24.
- Rahman M., Matthijnssens J., Goegebuer T. et al. Predominance of rotavirus G9 genotype in children hospitalized for rotavirus gastroenteritis in Belgium during 1999−2003 // J. Clin Virol. 2005. — Vol. 33. — P. 1−6.
- Rahman M., Matthijnssens J., Nahar S. Characterization of a novel P25., G11 human group a rotavirus // J. Clin Microbiol 2005. — Vol .43. — P. 32 083 212.
- Ramachandran M., Gentsch J.R., Parashar U.D. et al. Detection and characterization of novel rotavirus strains in the United States // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1998. V. 36, N 11. — P. 3223−3229.
- Ramachandran M., Kirkwood C. D., Unicomb L. et al. Molecular characterization of Serotype G9 rotavirus strain from a global collection // Virology. 2000. — Vol. 278. — P. 436−444.
- Raming R. F. Genetics of the rotaviruses // Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1997. -Vol. 51.-P. 225−55.
- Raming R. Pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic rotavirus infection // J. Virol. 2004. — Vol. 78, N 19.-P. 10 213−10 220.
- Sanchez-Fauquier A., Wilhelmi I., Colomina J. et al. Diversity of group A human rotavirus types circulating over a 4-year period in Madrid, Spain // J. Clin. r Microbiol.-2004.-Vol. 42.-P. 1609−1613.
- Santos N-et al. VP4 genotyping of human rotavirus in the United States // J. ф Clin. Microbiol. 1994. — Vol. 32, N 1. — P. 205−208.
- Santos N, Hoshino Y. Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine // Rev. Med. Virol. 2005. — Vol. 15. — P. 29−56.
- Shuttleworth G., Eckery D.C., Awram P. Oral and intraperitoneal immunization with rotavirus 2/6 virus-like particles stimulates a systemic and mucosal immune response in mice // Arch. Virol. -2005. Vol. 150. — P. 341−9.1. Y'
- Silvestri L.S., Taraporewala Z.F., Patton J.T. Rotavirus replication: plus-sense templates for double-stranded RNA synthesis are made in viroplasm // J. Virol. 2004. — Vol. 78. — P. 7763−74.
- Simonsen L., Morens D.M., Eixhauser A. et al. Effect of rotavirus vaccination programme on trend in admission of infants to hospital for intussusception // Lancet. 2001. — Vol. 358. — P. 1224−1229.
- Simonsen L., Viboud C., Elixhauser A. et al. More on RotaShield and Intussusception: The Role of Age at the Time of Vaccination // J. Infect. Dis. 2005.1л -Vol. 192.-P. 36−43.
- Soares-Weiser K., Goldberg E., Tamimi G. et al. Rotavirus vaccine for ^ preventing diarrhea // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004.
- Song M.O., Kim K.J., Chung S. I. et al. Distribution of human group a rotavirus VP7 and VP4 types circulating in Seoul, Korea between 1998 and 2000 // J. Med. Virol. 2003. — Vol. 70. — P. 324−328.
- Souza M.B., Racz M.L., Leite J.P. et al. Molecular and serological characterization of group a rotavirus isolates obtained from hospitalized children in Goiania, Brazil, 1998−2000 // Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2003. — Vol. 22. -P. 441−443.
- Taraporewala Z.F., Patton J.T. Nonstructural proteins involved in genome packaging and replication of rotaviruses and other members of the Reoviridae // Virus Res. 2004. — Vol. 101. — P. 57−66.
- Tsai C., Chiu H., Abe T. Epidemiologic features infection in Taiwan: A review // Pediatrics International. 2000. — Vol.42. — P. 411−414.
- Unicomb L.E., Bishop R.F. Epidemiology of rotavirus strains infecting children throughout Australia during 1986−1987. A study of serotype and RNA electrophoretype // Arch. Virol. 1989. — Vol. 106, N 2. — P. 23−35.
- Ushijima H., Koike H., Mukoyama A. et al. Detection and serotyping of rotaviruses in stool specimens by using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification // J. Med. Virol. 1992. — Vol. 38, N 4. — P. 292−297.
- Van der Heide R., Koopmans M.P., Shekary N. et al. Molecular characterizations of human and animal group a rotaviruses in the Netherlands // J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005. — Vol. 43. — P. 669−75.
- Varghese V., Das S., Singh N.B. et al. Molecular characterization of a human rotavirus reveals porcine characteristics in most of the genes including VP6 and NSP4 // Arch Virol. 2004. — Vol. 149. — P. 155−72.
- Vende P., Tortorici M.A., Taraporewala Z.F., Patton J.T. Rotavirus NSP2 interferes with the core lattice protein VP2 in initiation of minus-strand synthesis // Virology. 2003. — Vol. 313. — P. 261−73.
- Vesikari Т., Karvonen A., Puustinen L. et al. Efficacy of RIX4414 live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in Finnish infants // Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. -2004. Vol. 23.-P. 937−43.
- Villena C., El-Senousy W.M., Abad F. X. et al. Group A rotavirus in sewage samples from Barcelona and Cairo: Emergence of unusual genotypes // Applied and Environmental Microbiol. 2003. — Vol.69, N 7. — P. 3919−3923.
- Vitour D., Lindenbaum P., Vende P. et al. RoXaN, a novel cellular protein containing TPR, LD, and zinc finger motifs, forms a ternary complex with eukaryotic initiation factor 4G and rotavirus NSP3 // J. Virol. 2004 Vol. 78. — P. 3851−62.
- Wang L., Huang J.A., Nagesha H.S. et al. Bacterial expression of the major antigenic regions of porcine rotavirus VP7 induces a neutralizing immune in mice. Order this document. // Vaccine. 1999. — Vol.17, N 20−21. — P. 2636−2645.
- Ward RL. Rotavirus vaccines: is the second time the charm? // Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs. 2005. — Vol. 6. — P.798−803.
- Watanabe M, Nakagomi T, Koshimura Y, Nakagomi O. Direct evidence for genome segment reassortment between concurrently-circulating human rotavirus strains. // Arch. Virol. 2001. — Vol. 146, N 3. — P. 557−70.
- Wilhelmi I., Mier C., Roman E. et al. The molecular epidemiology of the rotavirus in Spanish children // Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 1999. — Vol. 17, N 10.-P. 509−514.
- Wood D. WHO informal consultation on quality, safety and efficacy specifications for live attenuated rotavirus vaccines Mexico City, Mexico, 8−9 February 2005 // Vaccine 2005.
- Yuan L., Azevendo M.S., Gonzales A.M. et al. Mucosal and systemic antibody responses and protection induced by a prime/boost rotavirus-DNA vaccine in a gnotobiotic pig model // Vaccine. 2005. — Vol. 23. — P. 3925−36.
- Zarate S., Romero P., Espinosa R. et al. VP7 mediates the interaction of rotaviruses with integrin alphavbeta 3 through a novel integrin-binding site // J. Virol. 2004. — Vol. 78. — P. 10 839−47.
- Zbinden R., Kunz J., Schaad U. et al. Incidence and diagnosis of infection in neonates: result of two studies // J. Perinat Med. 1990. — Vol. 18. — P. 363−368.
- Zeng M., Zhu Q.R., Zhang Y. et al. Molecular epidemiologic survey of rotaviruses from infants and children with diarrhea in Shanghai // Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi.- 2004. -Vol. 42. -P. 10−15.
- Zhang M., Zeng C., Morris A. et al. A functional NSP4 enterotoxin peptide secreted from rotavirus-infected cells // J. of Virology. 2000. — Vol. 74. — P. 1 166 311 670.
- Zhang L.J., Du Z.Q., Zhang Q. et al. Rotavirus surveillance data from Kunming Children’s Hospital, 1998 2001 // Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. -2004.-Vol. 25.-P. 369−399.
- Zimmerman C.M., Bresee J.S., Parashar U.D. et al. Cost of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits in an insured population of young children in the United States // Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 2001. — Vol. 20, N 1. — P. 1419.