Острые пострецепторные механизмы защиты миокарда 17 «бета» — эстрадиолом при ишемии (экспериментальное исследование)
Диссертация
Механизмы, лежащие в основе феномена ИП, являются предметом изучения многих исследовательских групп, так как их понимание дало бы возможность фармакологически моделировать адаптивный потенциал сердца, что имеет прямое прикладное значение для клинической медицины. В настоящее время связывают активацию протеин киназы С (protein kinase С — РКС), протеин киназы В (protein kinase В — РКВ… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- Список сокращений
- ГЛАВА 1. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- 1. 1. Клеточные эффекты 17р-эстрадиола
- 1. 2. Внутриклеточные эффекты протеин киназы В
- 1. 3. Внутриклеточные эффекты протеин киназы С
- 1. 4. Свободные радикалы: хорошие или плохие?
- 1. 5. Феномен прекондиционирования к ишемии
- 1. 6. Ишемия и реперфузия миокарда
- ГЛАВА 2. ОБЪЕКТЫ И МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
- 2. 1. Система изолированного сердца
- 2. 2. Измерение зоны риска и размера инфаркта
- 2. 3. Субклеточное фракционирование
- 2. 4. Определение общей концентрации белка в пробах
- 2. 5. SDS PAGE и Вестерн иммуноблоттинг
- 2. 6. Инкубация мембран с антителами и визуализация сигнала
- 2. 7. Хемилюминесцентное определение свободных радикалов
- 2. 8. Статистический анализ
- 2. 9. Реагенты
- ГЛАВА 3. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СОБСТВЕННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ
- 3. 1. Влияние 17(3-эстрадиола на функцию изолированного сердца
- 3. 1. 1. Коронарный ток
- 3. 1. 2. Давление, развиваемое левым желудочком
- 3. 1. 3. Конечно-диастолическое давление
- 3. 1. 4. Частота сердечных сокращений
- 3. 2. Влияние 17(3-эстрадиола на размер инфаркта миокарда
- 3. 2. 1. Выбор концентрации 17р-эстрадиола
- 3. 2. 2. Пол крыс и влияние 17р-эстрадиола на размер инфаркта
- 3. 2. 3. Вортманнин и прекондиционирование 17р-эстрадиолом
- 3. 2. 4. Шелеритрин и прекондиционирование 17(3-эстрадиолом
- 3. 2. 5. Ишемическое прекондиционирование и прекондиционирование 17р-эстрадиолом
- 3. 2. 6. Меркаптопропионилглицин и прекондиционирование 17(3-эстрадиолом
- 3. 3. Другие планиметрические показатели
- 3. 4. Влияние прекондиционирования 17р-эстрадиолом на внутриклеточный сигналлинг в миокарде
- 3. 4. 1. Протеин киназа В и прекондиционирование 17р-эстрадиолом
- 3. 4. 2. Протеин киназа С и прекондиционирование 17р-эстрадиолом
- 3. 4. 3. Экстраклеточно-регулируемые протеин киназы ½ и прекондиционирование 17(3 -эстрад иол ом
- 3. 5. Оценка кросс-контаминации субклеточных фракций
- 3. 6. Эффект 17 Р-эстрадиола на образование свободных радикалов in vitro
- 3. 1. Влияние 17(3-эстрадиола на функцию изолированного сердца
Список литературы
- Александрова Е.А. Кальцийтранспортирующие системы и регуляция концентрации кальция в кардиомиоцитах // Успехи физиол. наук. 2001. -№ 3.-с. 40−48.
- Антонов А.Р., Бузуева И. И., Коростышевская И. М. и др. Защитная реакция миокарда на ишемическое повреждение // Вест. Рос. АМН. -1998. -№ 9.-с. 85−87.
- Вейн A.M. Клинические аспекты эмоционального стресса // Эмоциональный стресс: теоретические и клинические аспекты. -Волгоград. 1997. — с. 138−157.
- Государственный доклад о состоянии здоровья населения Российской Федерации в 2000 году // Профилактика заболеваний и укрепление здоровья. 2002. — № 2. — с. 9−10.
- Ежегодный отчет Департамента здравоохранения Архангельской области. Архангельск. 2002.
- Кашкаров К.П., Васильева Е. В., Рууг Е. К. Генерирование супероксид радикала митохондриальной цепью дыхательных ферментов в изолированных кардиомиоцитах // Биохимия. 1994. — № 59. — с.813−818.
- Коркиша О.В., Рууг Е. К. Образование супероксид радикалов митохондриями сердца: исследование методом спиновой ловушки в условиях постоянной оксигенации // Биофизика. 2000. — № 45. — с. 695 699.
- Мамбетова А.Ж., Матюшин А. И., Шимановский Н. Л. и др. Протективный эффект 17бета-эстрадиола при экспериментальном инфаркте миокарда // Эксп. клин, фармакол. 1996. — № 59. — с. 15−16.
- Манухина Е.Б., Малышев И. Ю. Стресс-лимитирующая система оксида азота // Рос. физиол. журн. им И. М. Сеченова. 2000. — № 10. — с. 12 831 292.
- Маслов Л.Н., Лишманов Ю. Б., Реброва Т. Ю. и др. Использование дельта-опиоидного антагониста DuP 734 для коррекции дикстолической дисфункции сердца при реперфузионном повреждении и оксидативном стрессе // Эксп. клин, фармакол. 2000. — № 63. — с. 27−30.
- И. Маслов Л. Н., Нарыжная Н. В., Барбараш Н. Л. и др. Механизмы устойчивости сердца к стресс-индуцированным повреждениям // Рос. физиол. журн. им И. М. Сеченова. 1997. — № 3. — с. 43−50.
- Матюшин А.И. Эстрогены и инфаркт миокарда // Пат. физиол. 2001. -№ 3. — с. 32.
- Митина Р.Л., Морозова Т. М. Активация протеин киназы эстрадиолом в плазматических мембранах эстрадиол-независимых опухолей. Доклад Академии Наук СССР. 1986. — № 287. — с. 748−751.
- Тимошин А.А., Лакомкин В. Л., Рууг Е. К. Эффекты ишемического прекондиционирования на центры свободных радикалов изолированного сердца крысы во время ишемии и ранней реперфузии // Биофизика. -2000. -№ 45. с. 112−118.
- Цингерман Л.С., Коган Б. М., Фельдман С. Б. Оценка сократительной способности миокарда у пациентов с коронарной недостаточностью по данным внутрисердечной гемодинамики и продолжительности систолы // Клиническая медицина. 1966. — № 44. — с. 55−59.
- Alessi D.R., James S.R., Dowries С.P. et al. Characterization of a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase which phosphorylates and activates protein kinase Balpha // Curr. Biol. 1997. — v. 7 — p. 261 -269.
- Andjelkovic M, Alessi D.R., Meier R. et al. Role of translocation in the activation and function of protein kinase В // J. Biol. Chem. 1997. — v. 272. -p. 31 515−31 524.
- Armstrong S.C., Hoover D.B., Delacey M.H. et al. Translocation of PKC, protein phosphatase inhibition and preconditioning of rabbit cardiomyocytes // J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 1996. — v. 28. — p. 1479−1492.
- Bae Y.S., Sung J.Y., Kim O.S. et al. Platelet-derived growth factor-induced H (2)0(2) production requires the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase // J. Biol. Chem. 2000. — v. 275. — p. 10 527−10 531.
- Baines C.P., Goto M., Downey J.M. Oxygen radicals released during ischemic preconditioning contribute to cardioprotection in the rabbit myocardium // J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 1997. — v. 29. — p. 207−216.
- Baines C.P., Goto M., Downey J.M. Oxygen radicals released during ischemic preconditioning contribute to cardioprotection in the rabbit myocardium // J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 1997. — v. 29. — p. 207−216.
- Balendran A., Casamayor A., Deak M. et al. PDK1 acquires PDK2 activity in the presence of a synthetic peptide derived from the carboxyl terminus of PRK2 // Curr. Biol. 1999. — v. 9. — p. 393−404.
- Barnea O., Santamore W.P. Coronary autoregulation and optimal myocardial oxygen utilization / / Basic. Res. Cardiol. 1992. — v. 87. — p. 290−301.
- Barrett W.C., DeGnore J.P., Keng Y.F. et al. Roles of superoxide radical anion in signal transduction mediated by reversible regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase IB //J. Biol. Chem. 1999. — v. 274. — p. 34 543−34 546.
- Barrett-Connor E., Wenger N.K., Grady D. et al. Hormone and non-hormone therapy in maintenance of postmenopausal health: the need for randomized controlled trials of estrogen and raloxifene // J. Women. Health. 1998. — v. 7. -p. 839−847.
- Beato M. Gene regulation by steroid hormones // Cell. 1989. — v. 56. — p. 335−344.
- Biggs III W. H., Meisenhelder J., Hunter T. et al. Protein kinase B/Akt-mediated phosphorylation promotes nuclear exclusion of the winged helix transcription factor FKHR1 // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1999. — v. 96. — p. 7421−7426.
- Bobak M., Murphy M., Pikhart H. et al. Mortality patterns in the Russian Federation: indirect technique using widowhood data // Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2002. — v. 80. — p. 876−881.
- Bodel P., Dillard G.M. Jr., Kaplan S.S., et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of estradiol on human blood leukocytes // J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1972. — v. 80. — p. 373−384.
- Bolli R. Myocardial stunning in man // Circulation. 1992. — v. 86. — p. 723 738.
- Bolli R., Zhu W.X., Hartley C.J. et al. Attenuation of dysfunction in the postischaemic «stunned» myocardium by dimethylurea // Circulation. 1987. -v.76.-p. 458−468.
- Borst M.M., Simonis G., Rothele J. et al. Blockade of Al adenosine receptors prevents the ischaemia-induced sensitisation of adenylyl cyclase: evidence for a protein kinase C-mediated pathway // Basic. Res. Cardiol. 1999. — v. 94. -p. 472−480.
- Bourbon N.A., Yun J., Kester M. Ceramide directly activates protein kinase С to regulate a stress-activated protein kinase signaling complex // J. Biol. Chem. 2000. — v. 275. — p. 35 617−35 623.
- Bracamonte M.P., Rud K.S., Owen W.G. et al. Ovariectomy increases mitogens and platelet-induced proliferation of arterial smooth muscle // Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 2002. — v. 283. — p. H853-H860.
- Bradford M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding// Anal. Biochem. 1976. — v. 72. p 248−254.
- Brazil D.P., Park J., Hemmings B.A. PKB binding proteins. Getting in on the Akt // Cell. 2002. — v. 111. — p. 293−303.
- Brodie C., Blumberg P.M. Regulation of cell apoptosis by protein kinase с delta // Apoptosis. 2003. — v. 8. — p. 19−27.
- Brown M. Estrogen receptor molecular biology // Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North. Am.- 1994,-v. 8.-p. 101−112.
- Brunet A., Bonni A., Zigmond M.J. et al. Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor // Cell. 1999. -v. 96.-p. 857−868.
- Burckhartt В., Yang X-M., Tsuchida A. et al. Acadesine extends the window of protection afforded by ischaemic preconditioning in conscious rabbits // Cardiovasc. Res. 1995. — v. 29. — p. 653−657.
- Burgering B.M., Coffer P.J. Protein kinase В (c-Akt) in phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signal transduction // Nature. 1995. — v. 376. — p.599−602
- Bush T.L. The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women//Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.-1990.-v.592.-p.263−271.
- Bush T.L., Barrett-Connor E., Cowan L.D. et al. Cardiovascular mortality and noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study // Circulation.-1987.v.75.-p.1102−1109.
- Callsen D., Pfeilschifter J., Brune B. Rapid and delayed р42/ p44 МАРК activation by nitric oxide: the role of cGMP and tyrosine phosphatase inhibition//J. Immuno1.-1998.-v.161 .-p.4852−4858.
- Campbell R.A., Bhat-Nakshatri P., Patel N.M. et al. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-mediated activation of estrogen receptor alpha: a new model for anti-estrogen resistance // J. Biol. Cliem.-2001.-v.276.-p.9817−24.
- Camper-Kirby D., Welch S., Walker A. et al. Myocardial Akt Activation and Gender Increased Nuclear Activity in Females Versus Males // Circ. Res.-2001 .-v.88.-p.1020−1027.
- Carroll R., Gant V.A., Yellon D.M. Mitochondrial K (ATP) channel opening protects a human atrial-derived cell line by a mechanism involving free radical generation // Cardiovasc. Res.-2001 .-v.51 .-p.691−700.
- Castagna M., Takai Y., Kaibuchi K. et al. Direct activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by tumor-promoting phorbol esters //J. Biol. Chem.-1982.-v.257.-p.7847−7851.
- Cheatham В., Vlahos C.J., Cheatham L. et al. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation is required for insulin stimulation of p70 S6 kinase, DNA synthesis, and glucose transporter translocation // Mol. Cell. Biol.-1994.-v. 14.-p.4902−49 011.
- Cohen M.V., Yang X.M., Liu G.S. et al. Acetylcholine, bradykini?-, opioids, and phenylephrine, but not adenosine, trigger preconditioning by generating free radicals and opening mitochondrial K (ATP) channels // Circ. Res.-2001 -v.89.-p.273−278.
- Couse J.F., Korach K.S. Estrogen receptor null mice: what have we learned and where will they lead us? // Endear. Rev.-1999.-v.20.-p.358−417.
- Coussens L., Parker P.J., Rhee L et al. Multiple, distinct forms of bovine and human protein kinase С suggest diversity in cellular signaling pathways // Science .-1986.-v.233.-p.859−866.
- Crackower M.A., Oudit G.Y., Kozieradzki I. et al. Regulation of myocardial contractility and cell size by distinct PI3K-PTEN signaling pathways // Cell.-2002.-v.l 10.-p.737−749.
- Cross D.A., Alessi D.R., Cohen P. et al. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase В // Nature.-1995.-v.378,-p.- 85−789.
- Daly M.J., Elz J.S., Nayler W.G. Contracture and the calcium paradox in the rat heart // Circ. Res.-1987.-v.61.-p.560−569.
- Dankelman J., Stassen H.G., Spaan J.A. Interaction between Gregg’s phenomenon and coronary flow control: a model study // Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.-l 999.-v.37.-p.742−749.
- Delcommenne M., Tan C., Gray V. et al. Phosphoinositide-3-ОН kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-1998.-v.95,-p.l 1211−11 216.
- Deprez J., Vertommen D., Alessi D.R. et al. Phosphorylation and activation of heart 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase by protein kinase В and other protein kinases of the insulin signaling cascades // J. Biol. Chem.-1997.-v.272.-p. 1 726 917 275.
- Doble B.W., Ping P., Kardami E. The epsilon subtype of protein kinase С is required for cardiomyocyte connexin-43 phosphorylation // Circ. Res.-2000,-v.86.-p.293−301.
- Dodsarsaker 1989−1998. Norsk Statistisk sentralbyra. 0slo.-2001.
- Dos Santos P., Kowaltowski A.J., Laclau M.N. et al. Mechanisms by which opening the mitochondrial ATP- sensitive K (+) channel protects the ischemic heart//Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.-2002.-v.283.-p.H284−295.
- Drouva S.V., Gorenne I., Laplante E. et al. Estradiol modulates protein kinase С activity in the rat pituitary in vivo and in vitro // Endocrinology.-1990,-v.126.-p.536−544.
- Dubey R.K., Jackson E.K. Cardiovascular protective effects of 17beta-estradiol metabolites // J. Appl. Physiol.-2001 .-v.91.-p. 1868−1883.
- Erdbrugger W., Keffel J., Knocks M. et al. Protein kinase С isoenzymes in rat and human cardiovascular tissues // Br. J. Pharmacol.-1997.-v.120.-p.177−186.
- Freude В., Masters T.N., Robicsek F. et al. Apoptosis is initiated by myocardial ischemia and executed during reperfusion // J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol.-2000.-v.32.-p.197−208.
- Fridovich I. The biology of oxygen radicals: the superoxide radical is an agent of oxygen toxicity. Superoxide dismutases provide an important defence // Science.-1978.-v.201 .-p.875−880.
- Garcia-Dorado D., Ruiz-Meana M., Padilla F. et al. Gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in ischemic preconditioning // Cardiovasc. Res.-2002.-v. 55.-p.456−465.
- Garlid K.D., Paucek P., Yarov-Yarovoy V. et al. Cardioprotective effect of diazoxide and its interaction with mitochondrial ATPsensitive K+ channels: possible mechanism of cardioprotection // Circ.Res.-1997.-v.81.-p.1072−1082.
- Gopalakrishna R., Anderson W.B. Ca 21 and phospholipid-independent activation of protein kinase С by selective oxidative modification of the regulatory domain//Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-1989.-v.86.-p.6758−6762.
- Goto M., Liu Y., Yang X-M. et al. Role of bradykinin in protection of ischemic preconditioning in rabbit hearts // Circ. Res.-1995.-v.77.-p.611−621.
- Grady D., Herrington D., Bittner V. et al. Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin
- Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II) // JAMA.-2002.-v.288.-p.49−57.
- Grady D., Rubin S.M., Petitti D.B. et al. Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women // Ann. Intern. Med.-1992.-v.l 17,-p.1016−1037.
- Gray M.O., Karliner J.S., Mochly-Rosen D. A selective epsilon-protein kinase С antagonist inhibits protection of cardiac myocytes from hypoxia-induced cell death// J. Biol. Chem.-1997.-v.272.-p.30 945−30 951.
- Grohe C., Kahlert S., Lobbert K. et al. Cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts contain functional estrogen receptors // FEBS Lett.-1997.-v.416.-p.107−112.
- Gross G.J., Auchampach J.A. Blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels prevents myocardial preconditioning in dogs // Circ. Res.-1992.-v.70.-p.223−233.
- Hale S.L., Birnbaum Y. and Kloner R.A. Beta-Estradiol, but not alpha-estradiol, reduced myocardial necrosis in rabbits after ischemia and reperfusion. Am Heart J 132: 258−262, 1996.
- Hale S.L., Birnbaum Y., Kloner R.A. Estradiol, Administered Acutely, Protects Ischemic Myocardium in Both Female and Male Rabbits // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther.-1997.-v.2.-p.47−52.
- Hausenloy J., Maddock H.L., Baxter G.F. et al. Inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening: a new paradigm for myocardial preconditioning? // Cardiovasc. Res.-2002.-v.55.-p.534−543.
- Haynes M.P., Li L., Sinha D. et al. Src kinase mediates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent rapid endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activation by estrogen//J. Biol. Chem. 2003.-v.278.-p.2118−2123.
- Hayward C.S., Kalnins W.V., Kelly R.P. Acute effects of 17beta-estradiol on ventricular and vascular hemodynamics in postmenopausal women // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.-2000.-v.279.-p.H2277-H2284.
- Headrick J.P., Willis R.J. Relation between the 02 supply: demand ratio, MVO2, and adenosine formation in hearts stimulated with inotropic agents // Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.-1990.-v.68.-p. 110−118.
- Hill M.M., Feng J., Hemmings B.A. Identification of a plasma membrane Raft-associated PKB Ser473 kinase activity that is distinct from ILK and PDK1 //Curr. Biol.-2002.-v.12.-p. 1251−1255.
- Hodgin J.В., Knowles J.W., Kim H.S. et al. Interactions between endothelial nitric oxide synthase and sex hormones in vascular protection in mice // J. Clin. Invest.-2002.-v.109.-p.541−548.
- Hood W.B. Jr., Covelli V.H., Abelmann W.H. et al. Persistence of contractile behaviour in acutely ischaemic myocardium // Cardiovasc. Res.-1969.-v.3.-p.249−260.
- Horrigan M.C.G., Maclsaac A.I., Nicolini F.A. et al. Reduction in myocardial infarct size by basic fibroblast growth factor after temporary coronary occlusion in a canine model //Circulation.-1996.-v.94.-p. 1927−1933.
- Hugel S., Neubauer S., Lie S.Z. et al. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the acute vasodilatory effect of 17beta-estradiol in the isolated perfused rat heart // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol-1999.-v.33.-p.852−858.
- Ikuma Т., Chida K., Tajima O. et al. Cholesterol sulfate, a novel activator for the T| isoform of protein kinase С // Cell Growth Differ.-1994.-v.5.-p.943−947.
- James S.R., Downes C.P., Gigg R. et al. Specific binding of the Akt-1 protein kinase to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate without subsequent activation. Biochem. J.-1996.-v.315.-p.709−713.
- Jennings R.B., Reimer K.A., Jones R.N. et al High energy phosphates, anaerobic glycolysis and irreversibility in ischemia // Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.-1983.-v.161 .-p.403−419.
- Jensen E. V., Jacobson H.I. Basic guides to the mechanism of estrogen action // Recent Prog. Horm. Res.-1962.-v.18.-p.387−414.
- Jonassen A.K., Sack M.N., Mjos O.D. et al. Myocardial protection by insulin at reperfiision requires early administration and is mediated via Akt and p70s6 kinase cell-survival signaling// Circ. Res. 2001.-v.89.-v. 1191−1198.
- Kasahara K., Kikkawa U. Distinct effects of saturated fatty acids on protein kinase С subspecies // J. Biochem.-1995.-v.l 17.-p.648−653.
- Kawamura S., Yoshida K., Miura T. et al. Ischemic preconditioning translocates PKC-delta and -epsilon, which mediate functional protection in isolated rat heart //Am. J. Physiol.-1998.-v.275.-p.H2266-H2271.
- Kihara Y., Grossman W., Morgan J.P. Direct measurement of changes in intracellular calcium transients during hypoxia, ischemia, and reperfusion of the intact mammalian heart // Circ. Res.-1989.-v.65.-p.1029−1044.
- Kikuchi K., Nagano Т., Hayakawa H. et al. Real time measurement of nitric oxide produced ex vivo by luminol-H202 chemiluminescence method // J. Biol. Chem.-l993.-v.268.-p.23 106−23 110.
- Kim Y.D., Chen В., Beauregard J. et al. 17 beta-Estradiol prevents dysfunction of canine coronary endothelium and myocardium and reperfusion arrhythmias after brief ischemia/reperfusion // Circulation.-1996.-v.94.-p.2901−2908.
- Kishimoto A., Takai Y., Mori T. et al. Activation of calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by diacylglycerol, its possible relation to phosphatidylinositol turnover // J. Biol. Chem.-l 980.-v.255.-p.2273−2276.
- Klemp B.E., Pearson R.B. Protein kinase С recognition sequence motifs // Trends. Biochem. Sci.-1990.-v.l5.-p.342−346.
- Kloner R.A., Speakman M.T., Przyklenk K. Ischemic preconditioning: a plea for rationally targeted clinical trials // Cardiovasc. Res.-2002.-v.55.-p.526−33.
- Kolch W., Heidecker G., Kochs G. et al. Protein kinase С alpha activates RAF-1 by direct phosphorylation // Nature.-1993.-v.364.-p.249−252.
- Kops G.J., de Ruiter N.D., De Vries-Smits A.M. et al. Direct control of the forkhead transcription factor AFX by protein kinase В // Nature 1999.-v.398,-p.630−634.
- Korge P., Honda H.M., Weiss J.N. Protection of cardiac mitochondria by diazoxide and protein kinase C: implications for ischemic preconditioning // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-2002.-v.99.-p.3312−3317.
- Kosaka Y., Ogita K., Ase K. et al. The heterogeneity of protein kinase С in various rat tissues. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.-1988.-v.15.-p.973−981
- Krijnen P.A., Meischl C., Hack C.E. et al. Increased Nox2 expression in human cardiomyocytes after acute myocardial infarction // J. Clin. Pathol.-2003.-v.56.-p. 194−199.
- Kuiper G.J.M, Enmark E., Pelto-Huikko M. et al. Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-1996.-v.93,-p.5925−5930.
- Laemmli U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 // Nature.-1970.-v.227.-p.680−685.
- Lander H.M., Jacovina А.Т., Davis R.J. et al. Differential activation of mitogen-induced protein kinases by nitric-oxide-related species // J. Biol. Chem.-1996.-v.271.-p. 19 705−19 709.
- Langendorff O. Untersuchungen am uberlebenden Saugetierherzen // Pflugers. Arch.-1895.-v.61.-p.291−332.
- Lawlor D.A., Ebrahim S., Smith G.D. Sex matters: secular and geographical trends in sex differences in coronary heart disease mortality // BMJ.-2001.-v.323.-p.541−545.
- Le Good J.A., Ziegler W.H., Parekh D.B. et al. Protein kinase С isotypes controlled by phosphoinositide 3-kinase through the protein kinase PDK1 // Science.-1998.-v.281 -p 2042−2045.
- Lebuffe G" Schumacker P.T., Shao Z.H. et al. ROS and NO trigger early preconditioning: relationship to mitochondrial KATP channel // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.-2003.-v.284.-p.H299−308.
- Lefer D.J., Granger D.N. Oxidative stress and cardiac disease // Am. J. Med.-2000.-v.l09.-p.315−323.
- Lerner D.J., Kannel W.B. Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population // Am. Heart. J.-l 986,-v. 111 .-p.383−390.
- Li R.C., Ping P., Zhang J. et al. PKCepsilon modulates NF-kappaB and AP-1 via mitogen-activated protein kinases in adult rabbit cardiomyocytes // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.-2000.-v.279.-p.H1679-H1689.
- Lim K.H., Javadov S.A., Das M. et al. The effects of ischaemic preconditioning, diazoxide and 5-hydroxydecanoate on rat heart mitochondrial volume and respiration // J. Physiol.-2002.-v.545.-p.961−974.
- Liu G.S., Thornton J., Van Winkle D.M. et al. Protection against infarction afforded by preconditioning is mediated by A adenosine receptors in rabbit heart // Circulation.-1991 ,-v.84.-p.350−356.
- Liu H., McPherson B.C., Yao Z. Preconditioning attenuates apoptosis and necrosis: role of protein kinase С epsilon and -delta isoforms // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.-2001.-v.281.-p.H404−410.
- Liu H., Zhang H.Y., Zhu X. et al. Preconditioning blocks cardiocyte apoptosis: roie of K (ATP) channels and PKC-epsilon // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.-2002.-v.282.-p.H 1380−136.
- Liu Y., Cohen M.V., Downey JM. Chelerythrine, a highly selective protein kinase С inhibitor, blocks the antiinfarct effect of ischemic preconditioning in rabbit hearts // Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther.-1994.-v.8.-p.881 882.
- Lyman R.L., Ostwald R., Bouchard P. et al. Effect of sex and gonadal hormones on rat plasma lipids during the development of an essential fatty acid deficiency // Biochem. J.-1966.-v.98.-p.438−450.
- Maehama Т., Dixon J.E. The tumor suppressor, PTEN/MMAC1, dephosphorylates the lipid second messenger, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate//J. Biol. Chem.-1998.-v.273.-p.l3375−13 378.
- Marber M.S., Latchman D.S., Walker J.M. et al. Cardiac stress protein elevation 24 hours after brief ischemia or heat stress is associated with resistance to myocardial infarction // Circulation.-1993.-v.88.-p.1264−1272.
- Maulik N., Watanabe M., Zu Y-L. et al. Ischemic preconditioning triggers the activation of MAP kinases and MAPKAP kinase 2 in rat hearts // FEBS Lett.-1996.-v.396.-p.233−237.
- Mayo L.D., Donner D.B. A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway promotes translocation of Mdm2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-2001.-v.98.-p.l 1598−11 603.
- McDonnell D.P., Chang C.Y., Norris J.D. Capitalizing on the Complexities of Estrogen Receptor Pharmacology in the Quest for the Perfect SERM // Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.-2001 .-v.949.-p, 16−35.
- Medema R. H., Kops G. J., Bos J. L. et al. AFX-like Forkhead transcription factors mediate cell-cycle regulation by Ras and PKB through p27kipl // Nature.-2000.-v. 13 .-p.782−787.
- Mendelsohn M.E., Karas, R. Protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system // Am. J. Cardiol.-2002.-v.89(Suppl).-p.l2E-l7E.
- Meyer M., Schreck R., Baeuerle P.A. H202 and antioxidants have opposite effects on activation of NF-kB and AP-1 in intact cells: AP-1 as secondary antioxidant response factor// EMBO J.-1993.-v.l2.-p.2005−2015.
- Meyer R., Linz K.W., Surges R. et al. Rapid modulation of L-type calcium current by acutely applied estrogens in isolated cardiac myocytes from human, guinea-pig and rat // Exp Physiol.-1998,-v.83.-p.305−321.
- Michell B.J., Griffiths J.E., Mitchelhill K.I. et al. The Akt kinase signals directly to endothelial nitric oxide synthase. // Curr. Biol.-1999.-v.9.-p.845−848.
- Miller D.D., Salinas F., Walsh R.A. Simultaneous cardiac mechanics and phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy during global myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in the intact dog // Magn. Reson. Med.-1991 .-v, 17.-p.41−52.
- Minshall R.D., Miyagawa K., Chadwick C.C. et al. In vitro modulation of primate coronary vascular muscle cell reactivity by ovarian steroid hormones // FASEB J.-1998.-v. 12.-p. 1419−1429.
- Miura Т., Goto M., Urabe К., et al. Does myocardial stunning contribute to infarct size limitation by ischemic preconditioning? // Circulation.-1991.-v.84.-p.2504−2512.
- Miura Т., Miura Т., Kawamura S. et al. Effect of protein kinase С inhibitors on cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning depends on the number of preconditioning episodes // Cardiovasc. Res.-1998.-v.37.-p.700−709.
- Miyawaki H., Zhou X., Ashraf M. Calcium preconditioning elicits strong protection against ischemic injury via protein kinase С signaling pathway // Circ. Res.-1996.-v.79.-p.l37−146.
- Mooradian A.D. Antioxidant properties of steroids // J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol.-1993.-v.45.-p.509−51 1.
- Morkuniene R., Jekabsone A., Borutaite V. Estrogens prevent calcium-induced release of cytochrome с from heart mitochondria // FEBS Lett.-2002,-v.521 .-p.53−56.
- Murray C.J., Lopez A.D. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study // Lancet -1997.-v.349.-p. 1269−1276.
- Murry C.E., Jennings R.B., Reitner K.A. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium // Circulation.-1986.-v.74.-p.l 124−1136.
- Newton A.C. Protein kinase C: structural and spatial regulation by phosphorylation, cofactors, and macromolecular interactions // Chem. Rev.-2001.-v. 101.-p.2353−2364.
- Newton A.C. Regulation of protein kinase С // Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol.-1997.-v.9.-p.161−167.
- Nishizuka Y. Protein kinase С and lipid signaling for sustained cellular response // FASEB J.-1995.-v.9.-p.484−496.
- Nuedling S., Kahlert S., Loebbert K. et al. 17Beta-estradiol stimulates expression of endothelial and inducible NO synthase in rat myocardium in-vitro and in-vivo // Cardiovasc. Res.-1999.-v.43.-p.666−674,
- Nuedling S., Kahlert S., Loebbert K. et al. Differential effects of 17beta-estradiol on mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in rat cardiomyocytes // FEBS Lett.-1999.-v.454.-p.271−276.
- Okamura Т., Miura Т., Iwamoto H. et al. Ischemic preconditioning attenuates apoptosis through protein kinase С in rat hearts // Am. J. Physiol.-1999,-v.277.-p.Hl 997-H2001.
- Opie L.H. Myocardial ischemia metabolic pathways and implications of increased glycolysis // Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther.-1990.-v.4(Suppl).-p.777−790.
- Parekh D.B., Ziegel W., Parker P.J. Multiple pathways control protein kinase С phosphorylation // EMBO J. 2000.-v.l9.-p.496−503.
- Parker P.J., Coussens L., Totty N. et al. The complete primary structure of protein kinase C~the major phorbol ester receptor // Science 1986.-v.233,-p.853−859.
- Paul K., Ball N.A., Dorn G.W. 2nd et al. Left ventricular stretch stimulates angiotensin II-mediated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and protein kinase С epsilon isoform translocation in adult guinea pig hearts // Circ. Res.-1997.-v.81 .-p.643−650.
- Petroff M.G., Kim S.H., Pepe S. et al. Endogenous nitric oxide mechanisms mediate the stretch dependence of Ca2+ release in cardiomyocytes // Nat. Cell. Biol.-2001 .-v.3.-p.867−873.
- Pornel В., Chevallier O., Netelenbos J.C. Oral 17beta-estradiol (1 mg) continuously combined with dydrogesterone improves the serum lipid profile of postmenopausal women // Menopause.-2002.-v.9.-p. 171−178.
- Power R.F., Mani S.K., Codina J. et al. Dopaminergic and ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors // Science.-1991 .-v.254.-p. 1636−1639.
- Raddino R., Manca C., Poli E. et al. Effects of 17 beta-estradiol on the isolated rabbit heart // Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther.-1986.-v.281 .-p.57−65.
- Raymond M.A., Vigneault N., Luyckx V. et al. Paracrine repercussions of preconditioning on angiogenesis and apoptosis of endothelial cells // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.-2002.-v.291.-p.261−269.
- Razandi M., Pedram A., Greene G.L. et al. Cell membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) originate from a single transcript: studies of ERalpha and ERbeta expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells // Mol. Endocrinol.-1999.-v.13.-p.307−319.
- Reinecke H., Zhang M., Bartosek T. et al. Survival, integration, and differentiation of cardiomyocyte grafts: a study in normal and injured rat hearts // Circulation.-1999,-v. 1 OO.-p. 193−202.
- Romashkova J. A., Makarov S. S. NF-kB is a target of АКТ in anti-apoptotic PDGF signaling // Nature.-1999.-v.401 .-p.86−90.
- Ruzycky A.L., Kulick A. Estrogen increases the expression of uterine protein kinase С isozymes in a tissue specific manner // Eur. J. Pharmacol.-1996,-v.313.-p.257−263.
- Rybin V.O., Steinberg S.F. Protein kinase С isoform expression and regulation in the developing rat heart // Circ. Res.-1994.-v.74.-p.299−309.
- Sakurai K., Norota I., Tanaka H. et al. Negative inotropic effects of angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and phenylephrine in indo-1 loaded adult mouse ventricular myocytes // Life Sci.-2002.-v.70.-p.l 173−1184.
- Satoh H. Inhibition in L-type Ca2+ channel by stimulation of protein kinase С in isolated guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes // Gen. Pharmacol.-1992,-v.23.-p.1097−1102.
- Sbarouni E., Iliodromitis E. K, Bofilis E. et al. Short-term estrogen reduces myocardial infarct size in oophorectomized female rabbits in a dose-dependent manner// Cardiovasc. Drugs. Ther.-1998.-v. 12.-p.457−462.
- Schreck R., Rieber P., Baeuerle P.A. Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of NF-кВ transcription factor and HIV-1 //Trends. Cell. Biol.-1991 ,-v.l .-p.39−42.
- Schubert К. M., Scheid M. P., Duronio V. Ceramide inhibits protein kinase B/Akt by promoting dephosphorylation of serine 473 // J. Biol. Chem.-2000.-v.275.-p. 13 330−13 335.
- Schultz J.E.J., Hsu A.K., Gross G.J. Morphine mimics the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning via a glibenclamide-sensitive mechanism in the rat heart // Circ. Res.-1996.-v.78.-p.ll00-l 104.
- Schwabe J.W., Chapman L., Finch J.T. et al. The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: how receptors discriminate between their response elements // Cell.-1993.-v.75.-p.567−578.
- Shaw L., Taggart M.J., Austin C. Mechanisms of 17 beta-oestradiol induced vasodilatation in isolated pressurized rat small arteries // Br. J. Pharmacol.-2000,-v. 129.-p.555−565.
- Shizukuda Y., Reyland M.E., Buttrick P.M. Protein kinase C-delta modulates apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia in adult ventricular myocytes // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.-2002.-v.282.-p.H1625-H634.
- Sies H. Strategies of antioxidant defence // Eur. J. Biochem.-1993.-v.215,-p.213−219.
- Simoncini Т., Hafezi-Moghadam A., Brazil D.P. et al. Interaction of estrogen receptor with the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-ОН kinase // Nature.-2000.-v.407.-p. 538−541.
- Simoncini Т., Maffei S., Basta G. et al. Estrogens and glucocorticoids inhibit endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by different transcriptional mechanisms II Circ. Res.-2000.-v.87.-p.l9−25.
- Singh M., Setalo G. Jr., Guan X. et al. Estrogen-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in cerebral cortical explants: convergence of estrogen and neurotrophin signaling pathways // J. Neurosci.-1999.-v.19.-p.1179−1188.
- Staal S.P., Hartley J.W., Rowe W.P. Isolation of transforming murine leukemia viruses from mice with a high incidence of spontaneous lymphoma // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-1977.-v.74.-p.3065−3067.
- Stamm C., Friehs I., Cowan D.B. et al. Post-ischemic PKC inhibition impairs myocardial calcium handling and increases contractile protein calcium sensitivity // Cardiovasc. Res.-2001 .-v.51 .-p. 108−121.
- Stampfer M.J., Colditz G.A. Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence // Prev. Med.-v.1991 .-p.20:47−63.
- Tian R., Miao W., Spindler M. et al. Long-term expression of protein kinase С in adult mouse hearts improves postischemic recovery // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-1999.-v.96.-p.13 536−13 541.
- Toft D., Gorski J. A receptor molecule for estrogens: isolation from the rat uterus and preliminary characterization // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-1966.-v.55.-p.1574−1581.
- Tong H., Chen W., Steenbergen C. et al. Ischemic preconditioning activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase upstream of protein kinase С // Circ. Res.-2000,-v.87.-p.309−315.
- Tong H., Imahashi K., Steenbergen C. et al. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta during preconditioning through a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent pathway is cardioprotective // Circ. Res.-2002.-v.90-p.377−379.
- Ueda Y., Hirai S., Osada S. et al. Protein kinase С activates the MEK-ERK pathway in a manner independent of Ras and dependent on Raf // J. Biol. Chem.-1996.-v.271 .-p.23 512−2359.
- Van Winkle D.M., Thornton J.D., Downey D.M. et al. The natural history of preconditioning: Cardioprotection depends on duration of transient ischemia and time to subsequent ischemia // Coron. Art. Dis.-1991 ,-v.2.-p.613−619.
- Vanden Hoek T.L., Becker L.B., Shao Z. et al. Reactive oxygen species released from mitochondria during brief hypoxia induce preconditioning in cardiomyocytes // J. Biol. Chem.-1998.-v.273.-p. 18 092−18 098.
- Virchow R. Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begrundung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewe’oelehre. Berlin: Hirschwald.-1858.-122 p.
- Walter P., Geen S., Geene G., et al. Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.-1985.-v.82.-p.7889−7893.
- Wang P., Zweier J.L. Measurement of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite generation in the postischemic heart. Evidence for peroxynitrite-mediated reperfusion injury//J. Biol. Chem.-1996.-v.271.-p.29 223−29 230.
- Wenger N.K. Coronary heart disease in women: evolving knowledge is dramatically changing clinical care. In: Julian D.G., Wenger N.K., editors, Women and heart disease, London: Martin Dunitz.-1997.-p.21−38.
- World health statistics annuals 1982−1994, Geneva: World Health Organization. 1982−1994.
- Wyckoff М.Н., Chambliss K.L., Mineo C. et al. Plasma membrane estrogen receptors are coupled to endothelial nitric-oxide synthase through Galpha (i) // J. Biol. Chem.-2001.-v.276.-p.27 071−27 076.
- Ytrehus K., Liu Y., Downey J.M. Preconditioning protects ischemic rabbit heart by protein kinase С activation // Am. J. Physiol.-1994.-v.266.-p.HI 145-H1152.
- Ytrehus K., Walsh R.S., Richards S.C. et al. Hydrogen peroxide as a protective agent during reperfusion. A study in the isolated perfused rabbit heart subjected to regional ischemia // Cardiovasc. Res.-1995.-v.30.-p.1033−1037.
- Zheng J., Ramirez V.D. Rapid inhibition of rat brain mitochondrial proton FOFl-ATPase activity by estrogens: comparison with Na+, K+ -ATPase of porcine cortex // Eur. J. Pharmacol.-1999.-v.368.-p.95−102.