Вхутемас и баухаус

I n the first case, during analysis operations real object abstracted to simple compositions or expressive forms. I n their exercises teachers set to students the task of portraying unreal forms of the objective world, and its manifestation in the form of a composition of simple geometric shapes. M uch attention was paid to such important elements such as line, shape, color, movement, texture, texture. C onstantly conducted experiments on the interaction of different materials, textures and texture, color and form, and so on. In the second case, the design of the real object is done by stepwise concretization of abstract graphics or abstract volume composition. The key point in the first and in the second case was abstract compositional modeling.

&# 171;Purification of the artistic image" of superfluous decoration was an important principle of teaching VHUTEMAS and Bauhaus. P laying the simplest form, teachers, innovators and avant-garders formed «The alphabet letters composite.» For example, formation of simple geometric shapes laid universal design methods and means of artistic expression of the designed object. Constantly experimenting in the field of forming and examining the properties of various materials, the students of the Bauhaus and VHUTEMAS studied and applied in practice the laws of harmony, rhythm, proportions, symmetry, scale, color and expressiveness of its perception.

T he Bauhaus focused on experiments in the field of formation and empirical research the properties of various metals. S tudents of VKHUTEMAS experimented with abstract form («the image — to design»), which gave way to «exit» from the fine arts in the world of objects (step «from design to production»). In the workshops of these schools developed design prototypes for industrial production. The Bauhaus great attention was paid to the design of dishes.

D epartment of metal fully passed on designing of lighting equipment for mass production. Office of furniture has replaced the release of decorative furniture for the manufacture of samples for industrial production. Students designed a multifunctional, mobile objects, including moving windows, folding booths and beds, tables, utensils and other collapsible things. And it was VHUTEMAS priority over the Bauhaus and other Western European schools. Constantly experimenting in the field of forming and examining the properties of various materials, the students of the Bauhaus and VHUTEMAS studied and applied in practice the laws of harmony, rhythm, proportions, symmetry, scale, color and expressiveness of his perception. Based on the above we can draw the following conclusions:

1. VHUTEMAS and Bauhaus created the original, not having analogues in the past model of artistic and industrial institutions. That these two schools are the first training centers, the purpose of which was the preparation of artists-craftsmen of the highest qualification for the industry. Teaching and experimenting in these schools, the avant-garde painters, sculptors and architects have developed the concept of aesthetic formation and created one of the earliest systems of design education.

2. Many propaedeutic disciplines of VHUTEMAS and Bauhaus today integrated in the curriculumof architectural and art schools programs.

3. Methodology, teaching methods, organization of educational process, developed in these schools are a shining example for modern art and industry universities and design schools.

4. Universal design method, theoretical and methodological heritage of these most important centers for the formation of a new style still continue to nourish the style-forming processes in the field of architecture, design and art.