Реализация морфогенного потенциала гипокотилей гречихи культурной Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench. в зависимости от способа регенерации растений IN VITRO
Диссертация
Проведенные нами исследования позволили выявить ряд факторов, критичных для развития эмбриогенной программы в культуре гипокотилей гречихи культурной F. esculentum — объекта, у которого этот процесс изучен крайне недостаточно. Нами установлено, что соматический эмбриогенез в гипокотилях гречихи осуществляется через образование ПЭКК, т. е. непрямым путем. Гистологически доказано, что эмбриогенной… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- 1. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- 1. 1. Морфогенез в культуре клеток in vitro
- 1. 1. 1. Типы морфогенеза
- 1. 1. 2. Основные пути регенерации растений in vitro
- 1. 1. 2. 1. Гемморизогенез
- 1. 1. 2. 2. Соматический эмбриогенез
- 1. 1. 2. 3. Особенности регенерации растений из протопластов
- 1. 1. Морфогенез в культуре клеток in vitro
- 1. 2. Сомаклональная вариабельность
- 1. 2. 1. Уровни изменчивости генетического аппарата, наблюдаемые в культуре in vitro
- 1. 2. 2. Факторы, обусловливающие сомаклональную изменчивость
- 1. 2. 3. Предполагаемые механизмы сомаклональной изменчивости
- 1. 2. 4. Подходы и методы выявления сомаклональной изменчивости
- 1. 3. Гречиха как объект для биотехнологических исследований
- 2. 1. Объект исследования
- 2. 2. Методы исследования
- 2. 2. 1. Получение стерильных проростков
- 2. 2. 2. Выделение и культивирование протопластов и регенерация из них растений
- 2. 2. 3. Регенерация растений из тканей гипокотилей гречихи
- 2. 2. 4. Цитогенетический анализ
- 2. 2. 5. Гистологический анализ
- 2. 2. 6. Биохимический анализ растений-регенерантов
- 2. 2. 6. 1. Выделение фракции растворимых белков
- 2. 2. 6. 2. Электрофорез белков
- 2. 2. 7. Статистическая обработка результатов наблюдений
- 2. 2. 7. 1. Подсчет протопластов
- 2. 2. 7. 2. Анализ распределения хромосомных чисел у регенерантов
- 2. 2. 7. 3. Анализ аберраций у растений-регенерантов
- 2. 2. 7. 4. Анализ электрофореграмм белков
- 3. 1. Регенерация в культуре гипокотилей проростков гречихи
- 3. 1. 1. Выбор экспланта
- 3. 1. 2. Регенерация растений через протопласты
- 3. 1. 2. 1. Эффективность выделения протопластов при использовании различных ферментных композиций
- 3. 1. 2. 2. Культивирование протопластов и регенерация растений культурной гречихи
- 3. 1. 3. Регенерация через соматический эмбриогенез и геммогенез
- 3. 1. 3. 1. Образование проэмбриогенных клеточных комплексов. Факторы, влияющие на их образование
- 3. 1. 3. 2. Гистологическое исследование процесса формирования ПЭКК
- 3. 1. 3. 3. Регенерация растений из проэмбриогенных клеточных комплексов
- 3. 2. 1. Фенотипическая изменчивость
- 3. 2. 2. Генетическая изменчивость
- 3. 2. 2. 1. Анализ хромосомных чисел
- 3. 2. 2. 2. Анализ хромосомных аберраций
- 3. 2. 3. Биохимическая изменчивость
Список литературы
- Бабаева С. А., Петрова Т. Ф., Гапоненко Л. К. Полиплоидия и политения в культивируемых in vitro клетках злаков // Генетика.-1995.-Т. 31.-С. 678−683.
- Баврина Т. В., Голяновская С. А., Аксенова Н. П., Константинова Т. Н., Миляева Э. Л. Рост, органогенез и белково-нуклеиновый обмен на разных этапах развития каллусов табака Трапезонд // Физиология растений.-1974.-Т. 21, № З.-С. 589−597.
- Батыгина Т. Б. Хлебное зерно: Атлас.-Ленинград: Наука. 1987.-103 с.
- Батыгина Т.Б. Эмбриогенез и морфогенез половых и соматических зародышей // Физиология растений-1999.-Т. 46, № 6.-С. 884−898.
- Батыгина Т. Б., Васильева В. Е., Маметьева Т. Б. Проблемы морфогенеза in vivo и in vitro: эмбриоидогенез у покрытосеменных растений // Ботанический журнал.-1978.-Т. 63, № 1.-С. 87−111.
- Батыгина Т. Б., Захарова А. А. Параллели в развитии полового и соматического зародышей // Эмбриология цветковых растений. Терминология и концепции. Т. 2. / Под ред. Батыгиной Т. Б.-СПб.: Мир и семья-95. 1997.-С. 635−648.
- Белова Л. П., Ламберова М. Э., Зуева Т. Г. Исследование клонального микроразмножения растений гречихи в культуре in vitro II Деп. в ВИНИТИ,-1985.-№ 8674.-В.-7 с.
- Бондаренко А. М. Клеточные технологии и сомаклональная изменчивость в селекции пшеницы // Физиол. и биохимия культурных растений.-1996.-Т. 28, № З.-С. 183−195.
- Бургутин А. Б., Мусин С. М., Бутенко Р. Г. Сегрегация биохимических и генетических детерминант у сомаклональных вариантов межвидового соматического гибрида картофеля // Физиология растений.-1994.-Т. 41, № 6.-С. 843−852.
- Бутенко Р. Г. Индукция морфогенеза в культуре тканей растений // Гормональная регуляция онтогенеза растений.-Москва: Наука. 1984,1. С. 42−54.
- Бутенко Р. Г. Клеточные и молекулярные аспекты морфогенеза растений in vitro III Чайлахян. чтение, Пущинский НЦ, 1994.-С. 7−26.
- Бутенко Р. Г. Биология клеток высших растений in vitro и биотехнология на их основе: Учебное пособие-Москва: ФБК-ПРЕСС. 1999.-160 с.
- Витанова 3. И. Сомаклональная изменчивость // Физиол. и биохимия культурных растений.-1990.-Т. 22, № 5.-С. 419−426.
- Гумерова Е. А., Румянцева Н. И., Лозовая В. В., Селиванов А. С.,
- Рабинович М. Л. Новые литические композиции ферментов для получения делящихся протопластов гречихи // Прикладная биохимия и микробиология.-1993.-Т. 29, № 4.-С. 591−596.
- Данилина А. Н., Александрова И. В., Данилов А. В. Цитоморфологическое изучение культуры ткани Panax ginseng. II Культура клеток растений— Киев: Hayкова Думка. 1978.-С. 129−134.
- Дейнеко Е. В., Цевелева О. Н., Пельтек С. Е., Бабенко В. Н., Сидорчукф Ю. В., Шумный В. К. Сомаклональная изменчивость морфологических ибиохимических признаков у растений-регенерантов люцерны // Физиология растений,-1997.-Т. 44, № 5.-С. 775−781.
- Джонс О. П. Размножение хозяйственно важных древесных растений in vitro II Биотехнология сельскохозяйственных растений.-Москва: Агропромиздат. 1987.-С. 134−152.
- Дмитриева Н. Н. Проблема регуляции морфогенеза и дифференциации в культуре клеток и тканей растений // Культура клеток растений.-Москва:1. Наука. 1981.-С. 113−123.
- Долгих Ю. И., Шамина 3. Б. Современные представления о причинах и механизмах сомаклональной изменчивости // Молекулярные механизмы генетических процессов / Под ред. Тарасова В. А.-Москва: Наука. 1991.-С. 123−126.
- Еникеев А. Г., Гамбург К. 3., Высоцкая Е. Ф. «Фактор кондиционирования» в культурах клеток растений различных таксономических групп //• Известия АН. Серия биологическая.-2000.-№. 2.-С. 186−190.
- Ермаков И. П., Матвеева Н. П. Регуляция начальных этапов эмбриогенеза у высших растений // Физиология растений.-1994.-Т. 41, № 3.- С. 467−477.
- Загорска Н. А., Бутенко Р. Г., Шамина 3. Б. Закономерности морфогенеза в культуре тканей диплоидного и полиплоидного табака // ДАН СССР.-1971.-Т. 196, № 5.-С. 219−222.
- Зориянц С. Э., Смоленская И. Н., Носов А. М., Бадаева Е. Д. Длительно культивируемая суспензия клеток Triticum timopheevii II Физиологият растений,-1998.-Т. 45, № 1.-С. 86−94.
- Кацы Е. И. Участие ауксинов в регуляции экспрессии генов бактерий и растений // Генетика.-1997.-Т. 33.- С. 565−576.
- Кефели В. И., Коф Э. М., Власов П. В., Кислин Е. Н. Природный ингибитор роста абсцизовая кислота.-Москва: Наука. 1989.-184 с.
- Киясов А. П. Методы иммуногистохимии // Иммуногистохимическая диагностика опухолей человека: Руководство для врачей-морфологов / под ред. Петрова С. В., Киясова А. П.-Казань. 1998.-С. 9−34.
- Коваленко В. И., Шумный В. К. Эволюция видов и их систем размножения в роде Fagopyrum Mill // Генетика цветка и проблема совместимости у гречихи / под ред. Шумного В. К., Довженко JI. И.-Москва: Наука. 1988.-С.5−20.
- Константинов Ю. М., Ривкин М. И. Возможный свободнорадикальный механизм возникновения сомаклональной изменчивости у растений // Молекулярные механизмы генетических процессов: Сборник докладов VII Всесоюзного симпозиума.-Москва: Наука. 1991.-С. 127−130.
- Кротов А. С. Гречиха Fagopyrum Mill. // Культурная флора СССР. III. Крупяные культуры / Под ред. Жуковского П. М.-Ленинград: Колос. 1975.-С. 7−118.
- Круглова Н. Н., Горбунова В. Ю. // Тез. докл. междунар. симпоз. «Апомиксис у растений: состояние проблемы и перспективы исследований», Саратов.-1994.-С. 86.
- Круглова Н. Н., Горбунова В. Ю., Батыгина Т. Б. Эмбриоидогенез как путь морфогенеза в культуре изолированных пыльников злаков // Успехи современной биологии.-1995.-Т. 115, № 6.-С. 692−705.
- Круглова Н. Н., Горбунова В. Ю., Куксо П. А. Морфогенез в культуре изолированных пыльников: роль фитогормонов // Успехи совр. биол.-1999.-Т. 119, № 6.-С. 567−577.
- Кунах В. А. Геномная изменчивость соматических клеток растений. 1. Изменчивость в онтогенезе // Биополимеры и клетка.-1994.-Т. 10.-С. 5−35.
- Кунах В. А. Геномная изменчивость соматических клеток растений. 3. Каллусообразование in vitro II Биополимеры и клетка,-1997.-Т. 13.-С. 362−371.
- Кунах В. А. Геномная изменчивость соматических клеток растений. 4. Изменчивость при дедифференцировке и каллусообразовании in vitro II Биополимеры и клетка.-1998.-Т. 14.-С. 298−319.
- Кунах В. А. Изменчивость растительного генома в процессе дедифференцировки и каллусообразования in vitro И Физиология Растений,-1999.-Т. 46, № 6.-С. 919−929.
- Кунах В. А., Алпатова Л. К. Роль фитогормонов в изменчивости числа хромосом в культуре тканей Haplopappus gracilis II ДАН СССР.-1979.-Т. 245, № 4.-С. 967−970.
- Лакин Г. Ф. Биометрия.-Москва: Высш. школа. 1990.-352 с.
- Лукина Ю. А., Румянцева Н. И. Каллусогенез и морфогенез в культуре незрелых зародышей различных видов рода Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) // Бот. журн.-1999.-Т. 84, № З.-С. 74−80.
- Медведев С. С. Физиологические основы полярности растений.-СПб.:1. Кольна. 1996.-159 с.
- Меркулов Г. А. Курс патологогистологической техники.-Ленинград: Медгиз. 1961.-340 с.
- Мохамед А. А., Дмитриева Н. Н. Некоторые особенности культуры клеток моркови (Daucus carota L.) при индукции соматического эмбриогенеза // Физиология растений.-1977.-Т. 24, № 6.-С. 1289−1294.
- Носов А. М. Культура клеток растений уникальная система, модель, инструмент // Физиология растений.-1999.-Т. 46, № 6.-С. 837−844.
- Осипова Е. С., Кокаева 3. Г., Троицкий А. В., Долгих Ю. И., Шамина 3. Б., Гостимский С. А. RAPD-анализ сомаклонов кукурузы // Генетика.-2001 .Т. 37, № 1.-С. 91−96.
- Паушева 3. П. Практикум по цитологии растений.-М.-Колос.-1988.-271с.
- Полевой В. В., Саламатова Т. С. Физиология роста и развития растений.-Ленинград: изд-во ЛГУ. 1991.-239 с.
- Румянцева Н. И. Морфогенез в культуре тканей гречихи: теоретические и прикладные аспекты: Автореф. .дис. канд. биол. наук-Казань, 1990.-29 с.
- Румянцева Н. И., Сальников В. В., Федосеева Н. В., Лозовая В. В. Особенности морфогенеза в длительно культивируемых каллусах гречихи //Физиология растений,-1992.-Т. 39, № 1.-С. 143−151.
- Румянцева Н. И., Сергеева Н. В., Хакимова Л. Э., Сальников В. В., Гумерова Е. А., Лозовая В. В. Органогенез и соматический эмбриогенез в культуре двух видов гречихи // Физиология растений,-1989.-Т.36, № 1.-С. 187−194.
- Сиволап Ю. М., Солоденко А. Е., Бурлов В. В. RAPD-анализ молекулярно-генетического полиморфизма подсолнечника {Helianthus annum) II Генетика.-1998.-Т. 34, № 2.-С. 226−271.
- Сидоров В. А., Пивень Н. М., Глеба Ю. Ю., Сытник К. М. Соматическая гибридизация пасленовых.-Киев: Наукова думка. 1985.-132 с.
- Стрельчук С. И. Цитогенетика // Общая и молекулярная генетика: Практикум.-Киев: Вищашк. 1984.-С. 94−134.
- Фоменко Т. И., Кондрацкая И. П., Чумакова И. М., Бердичевец Л. Г.,
- Володько И. Ф. Характеристика регенерантов и сортов картофеля при длительном культивировании in vitro II Абстр. VIII Межд. конф. «The Biology of Plant Cells In Vitro and Biotechnology», Саратов, Россия, сентябрь 2003.-P. 103.
- Фролова JI. В. Цитогенетическая гетерогенность растительных клеток // Культура клеток растений.-Москва: Наука. 1981.-С.9−13.
- Фролова Л. В., Шамина 3. Б. Кинетика искусственно культивируемой клеточной популяции бобов // Цитология,-1978.-Т. 20, № 5.-С. 551−556.
- Хавкин Э. X., Забродина М. В. Наследуемые изменения в спектрах пероксидаз и эстераз у сомаклонов кукурузы // Физиология растений,-1994.-Т. 41, № 6.-С. 859−867.
- Хасанов М. М., Бутенко Р. Г. Культура изолированных протопластов из семядолей хлопчатника Gossypium hirsutum II Физиология растений,-1979.-Т. 26, № 1.-С. 103−108.
- Хасси Г. Размножение сельскохозяйственных культур in vitro II Биотехнология сельскохозяйственных растений.-Москва: Агропромиздат. 1987.-С. 105−133.
- Шамина 3. Б. Генетика и цитология культуры ткани и растений-регенерантов // Культура изолированных органов, тканей и клеток растений.-Москва: Наука. 1970.-С.129−136.
- Шамина 3. Б. Генетическая изменчивость растительных клеток in vitro II Культура клеток растений / Под ред. Бутенко Р. Г.-Киев: Наукова Думка. 1978.-С. 80−93.
- Шаяхметов И. Ф. Соматический эмбриогенез и селекция злаковых культур.-Уфа: Издание Башкирского Университета. 1999.-166 с.
- Эльконин Л. А., Пахомова Н. В. Влияние источников азота и фосфора на рост и морфотип эмбриогенного каллуса сорго // Биология клеток растений in vitro. Биотехнология и сохранение генофонда.-Москва: Россия. 1997.-С. 187.
- Adachi Т., Suputtitada S., Miike I. Plant regeneration from anther culture in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) // Fagopyrum.-1988.-V. 8.-P. 5−9.
- Adachi Т., Yamaguchi A., Miike Y., Hoffmann F. Plant regeneration from protoplasts of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculenlum) II Plant cell Rep.-1989.-V. 8.-P. 247−250.
- Albertsheim P., Darvill A. G. Oligosaccharins // Scientific American.-1985.-V. 253.-P. 44−50.
- Altamura M. M., Cersosimo A., Majoli C., Crespan M. Histological study of embryogenesis and organogenesis from anthers of Vitis rupestris du Lot cultured in vitro II Protoplasma.-1992.-V. 171.-P. 134−147.
- Ammirato P. V. Embryogenesis // Handbook of Plant Cell Culture / Ed. Evans D. A. et al.-New-York, London: Macmillan Publ. 1983.-P. 82−123.
- Ammirato P. V., Steward F. C. Some effects of the environment on the development of embryos from cultured free cells // Bot. Gaz.-1971.-V. 132,-P. 149−158.
- Anandarajah K., Mac Kersie B. D. Enhanced vigour of dry somatic embryos of Medicago sativa L. with increased sucrose // Plant Sci.-1990.-V. 71.-P. 261−272.
- Azmi A., Noin M., Landr P., Prouteau M., Boudet A. M., Chriqui D. High frequency plant regeneration from Eucalyptus globulus Labill. hypocotyls: Ontogenesis and ploidy level of the regenerants // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1997.-V. 51.-P. 9−16.
- Backs-Hiisemann D., Reinert J. Embryo formation by isolated single cells from tissue cultures of Daucus carota II Protoplasma.-1970.-V. 70.-P. 49−60.
- Baertlein D. A., McDaniel R. G. Molecular divergence alfalfa somaclones // Theor. Appl. Genet.-1987.-V. 73.-P. 575−580.
- Bandyopadhyay S., Cane K., Rasmussen G., Hamill J.D. Efficient plant regeneration from seedling explant commercially important temperate eucalypt species Eucalyptus nitens and E. globules II Plant Sci.-1999.-V. 140,-P. 189−198.
- Banks M. S., Haskett W. P. Differentiation from Hedera helix callus // Plant Physiol.-1979.-V. 61, suppl.-P. 45.
- Bennici A., Caffaro L. Kariological behavior during the first phases of differentiation and habituation in Nicotiana bigelovii II Protoplasma-1985.1. V. 124.-P. 130−136.
- Berbec A., Doroszewska T. Effect of thidiazuron on in vitro regeneration in three buckwheat cultivars // Proc. of 7th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Canada.-1998a.-P. V- 42−47.
- Berbec A., Doroszewska T. Callus formation and plant regeneration in anther cultures of three buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) cultivars // Proc. of 7th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Canada.-1998b.-P. V- 48−52.
- Berbec A., Laskowska D., Doroszewska T. Investigations on in vitro callus formation and plant regeneration potential of three polish buckwheat cultivars // Current Advances in Buckwheat Research.-1995.-P. 197−203.
- Bertram L., Lercari B. Phytochrome A and phytochrome B1 control the acquisition of competence for shoot regeneration in tomato hypocotyls // Plant Cell Rep.-2000.-V. 19.-P. 604−609.
- Biahoua A., Bonneau L. Control of in vitro somatic embryogenesis of the spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.) by the sugar type and the osmotic potential of the culture medium // Plant Cell Rep.-1999.-V. 19.-P. 185−190.
- Binding H. Somatic hybridisation experiments in solanaceous species // MMG.-1976.-V. 144.-P. 171−175.
- Bohanec B. Improvement in buckwheat micropropagation procedures // Fagopyrum.-1987.-V. 7.-P. 13−15.
- Bohanec В., Neskovic M., Vujicic R. Anther culture and androgenetic plant regeneration in buckwheat {Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1993.-V. 35.-P. 259−266.
- Bohanec B. Progress of buckwheat in vitro culture techniques with special aspect on induction of haploid plants // Current Advances in Buckwheat Research.-1995.-P. 205−209.
- Bradford M. M A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding // Anal. Biochem.-1976.-V. 72.-P. 248−254.
- Brettell R. I. S., Pallotta M. A., Gustafson J. f., Appels R. Variation at the Nor loci in triticale derived from tissue culture // Ibid.-1986.-V. 71.-P. 637−643.
- Buchheim J. A., Colburn S. M., Ranch J. P. Maturation of soybean somatic embryos and the transition to plantlet growth // Plant Physiol.-1989.-V. 89, № 3.-P. 768−775.
- Bui Van Le, Do My Nghieng Thao, Gendy C., Vidal J., Tran Thanh Van K. Somatic embryogenesis on thin cell layers of a C4 species, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) scop // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1997.-V. 49.-P. 201−208.
- Burger D. W., Hackett W. P. Gradients of adventitious bud formation on excised epicotyl and root sections of Citrus // Plant Sci.-1986.-V. 43, № 3.-P. 229−232.
- Caboche M. Nutritional requirements of protoplasts derived, haploid tobacco cells grown at low cells densities in liquid medium // Planta.-1980.-V. 149.-P. 7−18.
- Campbell C. Inter-specific hybridization in the genus Fagopyrum II Proc. of 6th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Japan.-1995.-V. l.-P. 255−263.
- Carlson P. S., Smith H. H., Dearing R. D. Parasexual interspecific plant hybridization // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.-1972.-V. 69.-P. 2292−2294.
- Carman J. G. Embryogenic cells in plant tissue cultures: occurrence and behavior // In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.- 1990.-V. 26, № 8.-P. 746−753.
- Cella R., Galun E. Utilization of irradiated carrot cell suspensions as feeder layer for cultured Nicotiana cells and protoplasts // Plant Sci. Let.-1980.-V. 19.-P. 243−252.
- Chengalrayan K., Hazra S., Gallo-Meagher M. Histological analysis of somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis induced from mature zygotic embryo-derivedleaflets of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) // Plant Science.-2001 .-V. 161.-P. 415−421.
- Christiansen M. L., Warnick D. A. Phenocritical times in the process of in vitro shoot organogenesis // Dev. Biol.-1984.-V. 101.-P. 382−390.
- Chu С. C., Wang С. C., Sun C. S., Hsu C., Yin К. C., Chu C. Y., Bi F. Y. Establishment of an efficient medium for anther culture of rice through comparative experiments on the nitrogen sources // Sci. Sin.-1975.-V. 28.1. P. 659−668.
- Cionini P. G., Bennici A., D’Amato F. Nuclear cytology of callus induction and development in vitro II Protoplasma.-1978.-V. 96.-P. 101−112.
- Cocking E. C. A method for the isolation of plant protoplasts // Nature.-1960,-V. 187.-P. 962−963.
- Cocking E. C. Plant cell protoplasts — Isolation and development // Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol.-1972.-V. 23 .-P. 29−50.
- Compton M. E. Dark pre-treatment improves adventitious shoot organogenesis Ф from cotyledons of diploid watermelon // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1999.1. V. 58.-P. 185−188.
- Conger В. V., Hanning G. E., Gray D. J., McDaniel J. K. Direct embryogenesis from mesophyll cells of orchardgrass // Science.-1983.-V. 221.-P. 850−851.
- Cvikrova M., Mala J., Eder J., Hrubcova M., Vagner M. Abscisic acid, polyamines and phenolic acids in sessile oak somatic embryos in relation to their conversion potential // Plant Physiol. Biochem.-1998.-V. 36, № 3.-P. 247−255.
- Dahmer M. L., Hilderbrand D. F., Collins G. B. Comparative protein accumulation patterns in soybean somatic and zygotic embryos // In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol.-1992.-V. 28P.-P. 106−114.
- D’Amato F. Nuclear changes in cultured plant cells // Cariologia-1991 .-V. 44,-P. 217−224.Ф
- Dijak M., Smith D. L., Wilson T. J., Brown D. C. W. Stimulation of directembryogenesis from mesophyll protoplasts of Medicago sativa II Plant Cell Rep.-1986.-V. 5.-P. 468−470.
- Dodeman V. L., Ducreux G., Kreis M. Zigotic embryogenesis versus somatic embryogenesis // J. Exp. Bot.-1997.-V. 48, № 313.-P. 1493−1509.
- Dudits D., Gyorgyey J., Bogre L., Bako L. Molecular biology of somatic embryogenesis // In vitro embryogenesis in plants / Ed. by Thorpe T. A. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1995.-P. 267−308.
- Eapen S., Abraham V., Gerdemann M., Schieder O. Direct somaticembryogenesis, plant regeneration and evaluation of plants obtained from mesophyll protoplasts of Brassica juncea II Ann. Bot.-1989.-V. 63.-P. 369−372.
- Eapen S., George L. Somatic embryogenesis in peanut: influence of growth regulators and sugar//Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1993 .-V. 35-P. 151−156.
- Egertsdotter U., von Arnold S. Importance of arabinogalactan proteins for the development of somatic embryos of Norway spruce (Picea abies) II Physiol. Plant.-1995.-V. 93.-P. 334−345.
- Elhag H. M., Whipkey A., Janick J. Induction of somatic embryogenesis from callus in Theobroma cacao in response to carbon source and concentration // Rev. Theobroma.-1987.-V. 17.-P. 153−162.
- Emons A. M. C., Kieft H. Somatic embryogenesis in maize (Zea mays L.) // Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. V. 31. Somatic embryogenesis and synthetic seed II / Ed. by Bajaj Y. P. S.-Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 1995.-P. 24−39.
- Eriksson T. Technical advances in protoplast isolation and cultivation // Plant Tissue Culture and its Bio-technological Application / Ed. by Barz W., Reinhard E., ZenkM. H.-Berlin, New-York: Springer-Verlag. 1977.-P. 313−322.
- Evans D. A., Bravo J. E. Protoplast isolation and culture // Handbook of Plant Cell Culture / Ed. Evans D. A. et al.-New-York, London: Macmillan Publ. 1983.-P. 124−176.
- Evans D. A., Sharp W. R., Flick С. E. Growth and behavior of cell cultures: Embryogenesis and organogenesis // Plant tissue culture: methods and applications in agriculture / Ed. by Thorpe T. A.-New-York: Academic Press. 1981.-P. 45−113.
- Ezura H., Kikuta I., Oosawa K. Long-term stability of shoot primordium cultures and produced plants of melon // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1997,-V. 48.-P. 31−35.
- Find J. I, Norgaard J. V., Krogstrup P. Growth parameters, nutrient uptake and maturation capacity of two cell-lines of Norway spruce (Picea abies) in suspension culture // J. Plant Physiol.- 1998.-V. 152.-P. 510−517.
- Fowler J. E., Quatrano R. S Plant cell morphogenesis: Plasma membrane interactions with the cytoskeleton and cell wall // Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol.-1997.-V. 13.-P. 697−743.
- Fridborg G., Pedersen M., Landstron L.-E., Eriksson T. The effect of activated charcoal on tissue cultures: Adsorption of metabolites inhibiting morphogenesis //Physiol. Plant.-1978.-V. 43.-P. 104−106.
- Fry S. C. The growing plant cell wall: chemical and metabolic analysis // New-York.: Longmann scientific and technical. 1988.-333 p.
- Fujimura Т., Komamine A. Mode of action of 2,4-D and zeatin on somatic embryogenesis in a carrot cell suspension culture // Z. Pflanzenphysiol.-1980.-V. 99.-P. 1−8.
- Galiba Y., Yamada Y. A novel method for increasing the frequency of somatic embryogenesis in wheat tissue culture by NaCl and KC1 supplementation // Plant Cell Rep.-1988.-V. 7.-P. 55−58.
- Gamborg O. L., Miller R. A., Ojima K. Plant cell cultures. I. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells // Exp. Cell Res.-1968.-V. 50.-P. 151−158.
- Gamborg O. L. Plant cell cultures: nutrition and media // Cell culture and somatic cell genetics of plants. V. 1. Laboratory procedures and their applications / Ed. by Vasil I. K.-Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, Inc. 1984.-P. 18−26.
- Garcia-Luis A., Bordon Y., Moreira-Dias J. M. Molina R. V., Guardiola J. L. Explant orientation and polarity determine the morphogenic response of epicotyl segments of Troyer citrange II Ann. Bot.-1999.-V. 84.-P. 715−723.
- George E. F. Plant propagation by tissue culture. Part 1. The technology.-UK: Exegetics Ltd.-1993.-P. 273−343.
- Gleba Y. Y. Microdroplet culture: tobacco plants from single mesophyll protoplasts // Naturwissenschaften.-1978.-V. 65.-P. 158−159.
- Goldberg R. В., Barker S. S., Perez-Grau L. Regulation of gene expression during plant embryogenesis // Cell.-1989.-V. 56, № 2.-P. 149−160.
- Green С. E., Phillips R. L. Plant regeneration from tissue cultures of maize // Crop Sci.-1975.-V. 15.-P. 417−421.
- Grieb В., GroB U., Pleschka E., Arnholdt-Schmitt В., Neumann K.-H. Embryogenesis of photoautotrophic cell cultures of Daucus carota L. H Plant
- Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1994.-V. 38.-P. 115−122.
- Gumerova E. A. Regeneration of plantlets from protoplasts of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. // Proceedings of 7th Intern. Protoplast Symposium «Progress in Plant Protoplast Research», Uppsala, Sweden, June 1991.-Physiol. Plant.-199l.-V. 82, N 1-A 19
- Guzzo F., Baldan В., Levi M., Sparvoli E., Loschiavo F., Terzi M., Mariani P. Early cellular events during induction of carrot explants with 2,4-D // Protoplasma.-1995.-V. 185.-P. 1−2.
- Haccius B. Question on unicellular origin of non-zygotic embryo in callus cultures // Phytomorphology.-1978.-V. 28.-P. 74−81.
- Haccius В., Bhandary N. N. Delayed histogen differentiation as a common primitive character in all types of non-zygotic embryos // Phytomorphology.-1975.-V 25, № l.-P. 91−94.
- Hakman I. Embryology in Norway spruce {Picea abies). An analysis of seed storage proteins and deposition of storage reserves during seed development and somatic embryogenesis // Physiol. Plant.-1993.-V. 87.-P. 148−159.
- Halford N. G., Purcell P. C., Hardie D. G. Is hexokinase really a sugar sensor in plants? // Tends Plant Sci.-1999.-V. 4.-P. 117−120.
- Halperin W. Alternative morphogenetic events in cell suspensions // Amer. J. Bot.-1966.-V. 53.-P. 443−453.
- Halperin W. Population density effects on embryogenesis in carrot cell cultures // Exp. Cell Res.-1967.-V. 48.-P. 170−173.
- Halperin W. Attainment and retention of morphogenic capacity in vitro 11 Cell culture and somatic cell genetics of plants. Vol. 3. Plant regeneration and genetic variability / Ed. by Vasil I. K.-Orlando: Academic Press. 1986.-P. 3−47.
- Halperin W., Jensen W. A. Ultrastructural changes during growth and embryogenesis in carrot cell cultures // J. Ultrastruct. Research.-1967.-V. 18.-P. 428−443.
- Halperin W., Wetherell D. F., Adventive embryony in tissue cultures of the wild carrot Daucus carota II Amer. J. Bot.-1964.-V. 51.-P. 274−283.
- Havranek P., Vagera J. Regulation of in vitro androgenesis in tobacco through iron-free media//Biol. Plant.-1979.-V. 21.-P. 412−417.
- He D. G., Yang Y. M. Scott K. J. The effect of macroelements in the induction of embryogenic callus from immature embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) // Plant Science.-1989.-V. 64.-P. 251−258.
- Heberle-Bors E. Interaction of activated charcoal and iron chelates in antherф cultures of Nicotiana and Atropa belladonna II Z. Pflanzenphysiol.-1980.1. V. 99.-P. 339−347.
- Hirose Т., Lee B. S., Okuno J., Konishi A., Minami M., Ujihara A. Interspecific pollen-pistil interaction and hybridization in genus Fagopyrum И Proc. of 6th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Japan, 1995.-V. l.-P. 239−245.
- Hirose Т., Ujihara A., Kitabayashi H., Minami M. Interspecific cross-compatibility in Fagopyrum according to pollen tube growth // Breeding Science.-1994.-V. 44, № 3.-P. 307−314.
- Ни C. Y., Ochs J. D., Mancini F. M. Further observations on Ilex embryoid production // Z. Pflanzenphysiol.-1978.-V. 89.-P. 41−49.
- Hush J. M., Overall R. L. Electrical and mechanical fields orient cortical microtubules in higher plant tissues // Cell Biol. Int. Rep.-1991.-V. 15, № 7.1. P. 551−559.
- Ikeda-Iwai M., Umehara M., Saton S., Kamada H. Stress-induced somatic embryogenesis in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana // The Plant J.-2003.-V. 34.-P. 107−114.
- Iraqi D., Tremblay F. M. The role of sucrose during maturation of black spruce {Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca) somatic embryos // PhysiologiaPlant.-2001 .-V. 111.-P. 381−388.
- Jang J.C., Sheen N. Sugar sensing in higher plants // Trends Plant Sci.-1997.1. V. 2.-P. 208−214.
- Jeannin G., Bronner R., Hahne G. Somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis induced on the immature zygotic embryo of sunflower {Helianthus annuus L.) cultivated in vitro: role of the sugar // Plant Cell Rep.-1995.-V. 15.-P. 200−204.
- Jin H., Jia J.-f., Hao J.-g. Efficient plant regeneration in vitro in buckwheat // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-2002.-V. 69.-P. 293−295.
- Jones T. J, Rost T. L. The developmental anatomy and ultrastructure of somatic ф embryos from rice (Oriza sativa L.) scutellum epithelial cells // Bot. Gaz.1989a.-V. 150.-P. 41−53.
- Jones T. J, Rost T. L. Histochemistry and ultrastructure of rice (Oriza sativa L.) zygotic embryogenesis // Amer. J. Bot.-1989b.-V. 76.-P. 504−513.
- Joy R. W., Yeung E. C., Kong L., Thorpe T. A. Development of white spruce somatic embryos: I. storage product deposition // In Vitro Cell Dev.-1991.-V. 27P.-P. 32−39.
- Kachonpadungkitti Y., Romchatngoen S., Hasegawa K., Hisajima S. In vitro ^ cross breeding — in vitro flowering and pollination in buckwheat {Fagopyrumesculentum Moench.) plants // Proc. of 8th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Korea.-2001.-P. 351−360.
- Kagemaya C., Komatsuda Т., Nakajima K. Effects of sucrose concentration on morphology of somatic embryos from immature soybean cotyledons // Plant Tiss. Cult. Lett.-1990.-V. 7.-P. 108−110.
- Kaldenhoff R., Henningsen U., Richter G. Gene activation in the suspension-cultured cells of Arabidopsis thaliana during blue-light-dependent plantletregeneration //Planta.-1994.-V. 195.-P. 182−187.
- Kao K. N., Michayluk M. R. Nutritional requirements for growth of Vicia hajastana cells and protoplasts at a very low population density in liquid media //Planta.-1975.-V. 126.-P. 105−110.
- Kao K. N., Michayluk M. R. Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of alfalfa//Z. Pflanzenphysiol.-1980.-V. 96.-P. 135−141.
- Kao K. N., Michayluk M. R. Embryoid formation in alfalfa cell suspensions from different plants // In Vitro.-1981 .-V. 17.-P. 645−648.
- Karp A., Bright S. W. J. On the causes and origins of somaclonal variation // Oxford Surv. Plant Mol. Cell Biol.-1985.-V. 2.-P. 199−234.
- Kartha К. K., Gamborg O. L., Constabel F., Kao K. N. Fusion of rapeseed and soybean protoplasts and subsequent division of heterokaryocytes // Can. J. Bot.-1974.-V. 52.-P. 2435−2436.
- Kawahara R., Sunabory S., Fukuda H., Komamine A. A gene expressed in the globular-stage of somatic embryogenesis encodes elongation-factor la in carrot // Eur. J. Biochem.-1992.-V. 209, № l.-P. 157−162.
- Kermode A. R. Regulatory mechanisms involved in the transition from seed development to germination // Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.-1990.-V. 9.-P. 155−195.
- Keyes G. J., Collins G. В., Taylor N. L. Genetic variation in tissue cultures of red clover // Theor. Appl. Genet.-1980.-V. 58.-P. 265−271.
- Klimaszewska K., Smith D. Maturation of somatic embryos of Pinus strobus is promoted by a high concentration of gellan gum // Physiol. Plant.-1997.-V. 100.-P. 949−957.
- Knox J. P. Cell adhesion, cell separation and plant morphogenesis // Plant J.-1992.-V. 2, № 2.-P. 137−141.
- Koch К. E. Carbohydrate-modulated gene expression in plants // Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol.-1996.-V. 47.-P. 509−540.
- Kochba J., Spiegel-Roy P., Neumann H., Saad S. Stimulation of embryogenesis in Citrus ovular callus by ABA, ethephon, CCC and alar and its suppression by GA // Z. Pflanzenphysiol.-1978.-V. 89.-P. 427−432.
- Kohlenbach H.W. Comparative Somatic Embryogenesis // Frontiers of Plant Tissue Cultures / Ed. Thorpe T.A.-Calgary: Univ. Calgary Press. 1978.-P. 59−66.
- Komai F., Okuse I., Harada T. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in culture of root segments of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) // Plant Science.-1996.-V. 113.-P. 203−208.
- Konar R. N., Nataraja K. Experimental studies in Ranunculus sceleratus L. Development of embryos from the stem epidermis // Phytomorphology.- 1965a.-V. 15.-P. 132−137.
- Konar R. N., Nataraja K. Experimental studies in Ranunculus sceleratus L. Plantlets from freely suspended cells and cell groups // Phytomorphology.-1965b.-V. 15.-P. 206−211.
- Konar R. N., Thomas E., Street H. E. Origin and structure of embryoids arising from epidermal cells of the stem of Ranunculus sceleratus L. // J. Cell Sci.-1972.-V. 11.-P. 77−93.
- Koul A. K., Karihaloo J. L .In vivo embryoids from anthers of Narcissus biflorus Curt. // Euphytica.-1977.-V. 26.-P. 97.102.
- Kreuger M., Van Hoist G.-J. Arabinogalactan proteins and plant differentiation //PlantMol. Biol.-1996.-V. 30.-P. 1077−1086.
- Kreuger M., Van Hoist G.-J. Arabinogalactan proteins are essential in somatic embryogenesis ofDaucus carota L. // Planta.-1993.-V. 189.-P. 243−248.
- Lachmann S. Plant cell and tissue culture in buckwheat: an approach towards genetic improvements by means of unconventional breeding techniques // Proc. oflCOBB inMiyazaki, Japan, 1991.-P. 145−154.
- Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 //Nature.-1970.-V. 227, № 5259.-P. 680−685.
- Lambe P., Mutambel H. S. N., Fouche J-G., Deltour R., Foidart J-M., Gaspar T. DNA methylation as a key in regulation of organogenic totipotency and plantneoplastic progression // In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant.-1997.-V. 33.-P.155−162.
- Lapitan N. L., Sears R. G., Gill B. S. Translocations and other karyotypic structural changes in wheat-rye hybrids regenerated from tissue culture // Theor. Appl. Genet.- 1984.-V. 68.-P. 547−554.
- Larkin P. G., Scowcroft W. R. Somaclonal variation a novel source of variability from cell cultures for plant improvement // Theor. Appl. Genet.-1981.-V.60.-P. 197−214.
- Last D. L, Brettel R. I. S. Embryo yield in wheat anther culture is influenced bythe choice of sugar in the culture medium // Plant Cell Rep.-1990.-V. 9.-P. 14−16.
- Lazzeri P. A., Hildebrand D. F., Sunega J., Williams E. G., Collins G. B. Soybean somatic embryogenesis: interactions between sucrose and auxin // Plant Cell Rep.-1988.-V. 7.-P. 517−520.
- Lee M., Philips R. L. The chromosomal basis of somaclonal variation // Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol.-1988.-V. 39.-P. 413−437.
- Lee K. S., Zapata-Arias F. J., Brunner H., Afza R. Histology of somatic embryoinitiation and organogenesis from rhizome explants of Musa spp. // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1997.-V. 51.-P. 1−8.
- Lercari В., Moscatelli S., Ghirardi E., Niceforo R., Bertram L. Photomorphogenic control of shoot regeneration from etiolated and light-grown hypocotyls of tomato // Plant Sci.-1999.-V. 140.-P. 53−64.
- Linsmaier E. M., Skoog F. Organic growth factor requirements of tobacco tissue cultures // Physiol. Plant.-1965.-V. 18.-P. 100−127.
- Litz R. E., Conover R. A. High frequency somatic embryogenesis from Carica suspension cultures // Annals of Botany.-1983.-V. 51.-P. 683−686.
- Liu Chun-ming, Xu Zhi-hong, Chua Nam-hai. Auxin polar transport is essential for the establishment of bilateral symmetry during early plant embryogenesis // Plant Cell.-1993.-V. 5, № 6.-P. 621−630.
- Lloyd G., McCown В. H. Commercially feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia by use of shoot tip culture // Proc. Int. Plant Prop. Soc.-1981.-V. 30.-P. 421−427.
- Lozovaya V. V., Zabotina O. A., Rumyantseva N. I., Malihov R. G., Zihareva M. V. Stimulation of root development on buckwheat thin cell-layer explants by pectic fragments from pea stem cell walls // Plant Cell Rep.-1993.-V. 12,-P. 530−533.
- Lu C., Ozias-Akins P. Somatic embryogenesis in Zea mays L. // Theor. Appl. Genet.-1982.-V. 62.-P. 109−112.
- Maes O., Coutos-Thevenot P., Jouenne Т., Boulay M., Guern J. Influence of extracellular proteins, proteases and protease inhibitors on grapevine somatic embryogenesis //Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1997.-V. 50.-P. 97−105.
- Maheswaran G., Williams E. G. Origin and development of somatic embryos formed directly on immature embryos of Trifolium repens in vitro II Ann. Bot.-1985.-V. 56.-P. 619−630.
- Mandal A. K. A., Dutta Gupta S., Chatterji A. K. Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis from cotyledonary explants of safflower // Biologia Plantarum.-2001.-V. 44, № 4.-P. 503−507.
- Maretzki A., Nickell L. G. Formation of protoplasts from sugarcane cell suspensions and the regeneration of cell cultures from protoplasts // Protoplastes et Fusion de Cellules Somatiques Vegetales // Paris: C. N. R. S. 1973 .-No 212.-P. 51−63.
- Masuda H., Oohashi S.-I., Tokuji Y., Mizue Y. Direct embryo formation from epidermal cells of carrot hypocotyls // J. Plant Physiol.-1995.-V. 145.-P. 531−534.
- Matsubayashi Y., Sakagami Y. Phytosulfokine, sulphated peptides that induce the proliferation of single mesophyll cells of Asparagus officinalis L. // Proc. Natl. Acad. USA.-1996.-V. 93.-P. 7623−7627.
- May R. A., Sink К. C. Genotype and auxin influence direct somatic embryogenesis from protoplasts derived from embryogenic cell suspensions of Asparagus officinalis L. // Plant Science.-1995.-V. 108.-P. 71−84.
- McCabe P. F., Valentine T. A., Forsberg L. S., Pennel R. I. Soluble signals from cells identified at the cell wall establish a developmental pathway in carrot // The Plant Cell.-1997.-V. 9.-P. 2225−2241.
- McDaniel R. G., Ramage R. T. Genetics of a primary trisomic series in barley: identification by protein electroforesis // Can. J. Genet. Cytol.-1970.-V. 12,-P. 490−495.
- McVeigh J. Regeneration in Crassula multicava // Amer. J. Bot.-1938.-V. 25,-P. 7−11.
- McWilliam A. A., Smith S. M., Street H. E. The origin and development of embryoids in suspension cultures of carrot (Daucus carota) II Ann. Bot.-1974.-V. 38.-P. 243−250.
- Meinke D. V. Perspectives on genetic analysis of plant embryogenesis // Plant Cell.-1991.-V. 3, № 9.-P. 857−866.
- Menczel L., Lazar G., Maliga P. Isolation of somatic hybrids by cloning Nicotiana heterokaryons in nurse cultures // Planta.-1978.-V. 143.-P. 29−32.
- Merkle S. A., Parrott W. A., Williams E. G. Applications of somatic embryogenesis and embryo cloning // Plant Tissue Culture: Applications and Limitations / Ed. by Bhojwani S. S.-Amsterdam: Elsevier. 1990.-P. 67−101.
- Meyer Y., Herth W. Chemical inhibition of cell wall formation and cytokinesis, but not of nuclear division, in protoplasts of Nicotiana tabaccum L. cultivated in vitro II Planta.-1978.-V. 142.-P. 253−262.
- Michalczuk L., Ribnicky D. M., Cooke T. J., Cohen J. D. Regulation of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthetic pathways in carrot cell cultures // Plant Physiol.-1992.-V. 100.-P. 1346−1353.
- Michler С. H., Bauer E. O. High frequency somatic embryogenesis from leaf tissue of Populus spp//Plant Sci.-1991.-V. 77.-P. 111−118.
- Michler С. H., Lineberger R. D. Effects of light on somatic embryo development and abscisic acid levels in carrot suspension cultures // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1987.-V. 11.-P. 189−207.
- Milju-Djukic J., Neskovic M., Ninkovic S., Crvenjakov R. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and plant regeneration of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1992.-V. 29.-P. 101−108.
- Mordhorst A. P., Toonen M. A. J., de Vries S. C. Plant embryogenesis // Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.-1997.-V. 16.-P. 535−576.
- Mouras A., Lutz A. Induction, repression et conservation des ргорпё1ёз embryogenetiques des cultures de tissues de Carotte sauvage // Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.-1980.-V. 127.-P. 93−98.
- Mulin M., Bellio-Spataru A. Organogenesis from hypocotyl thin cell layers of Lupinus mutabilis and Lupinus albus II Plant Growth Regulation.-2000.-V. 30,-P. 177−183.
- Muniyamma A. Triploid embryos from endosperm in vivo (Short comm.) 11 Ann. Bot.-1977.-V. 41.-P. 1077−1079.
- Murashige Т., Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture // Physiol. Plant.-1962.-V. 15.-P. 473−497.
- Nagata Т., Takebe I. Plating of isolated tobacco mesophyll protoplasts on agar medium//Planta.-l97l.-V. 99.-P. 12−20.
- Neskovic M., Vinterhalter В., Milju-Djukic J., Ninkovic S., M., Vinterhalter D., Jovanovic V., Knezevic J. Susceptibility of buckwheat {Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes II Fagopyrum.-1990b.-V. 10.-P. 57−61.
- Neskovic M., Vujicic R., Budimir S. Somatic embryogenesis and bud formation from immature embryos of buckwheat {Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) // Plant Cell Rep.-1987.-V. 6.-P. 423−426.
- Nickle Т. C., Yeung E. C. Failure to establish a functional shoot apical meristem may be a cause of conversion failure in somatic embryo of Daucus carota II Amer. J. Bot.-1993.-V. 80.-P. 1284−1291.
- Nishiwaki M., Fujino K., Koda Y., Masuda K., Kikuta Y. Somatic embryogenesis induced by the simple application of abscisic acid to carrot {Daucus carota L.) seedlings in culture // Panta.-2000.-V. 211.-P. 756−759.
- Nitsch J. P., Nitsch C. Haploid plants from pollen grains // Science.-1969.-V. 163.-P. 85−87.
- Nomura K., Komamine A. Polarized DNA synthesis and cell division in cell clusters during somatic embryogenesis from single carrot cells // New Phytol.-1986.-V. 104.-P. 25−32.
- Osuga K., Komamine A. Synchronization of somatic embryogenesis from carrot cells at high frequency as a basis for the mass production of embryos // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1994.-V. 39.-P. 125−135.
- Overvoorde P. J., Grimes H. D. The role of calcium and calmodulin in carrot somatic embryogenesis // Plant Cell Physiol.- 1994.-V. 35.-P. 135−144.
- Ozias-Akins P., Anderson W. F., Holbrook С. C. Somatic embryogenesis in Arachis hypogaea L.: genotype comparison // Plant Sci.-1992.-V. 83.-P. 103−111.
- Park Sang-Un, Park Cheol-Ho Multiple shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) // Proc. of 8th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Korea.-2001a.-P. 427−430.
- Park Sang-Un, Park Cheol-Ho The establishment of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) transgenic root cultures stably transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes II Proc. of 8th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Korea.-2001b.-P. 422−426.
- Patnaik G., Wilson D., Cocking E. C. Importance of enzyme purification for increased plating efficiency and plant regeneration from single protoplasts of Petuniaparodii IIZ. Pflanzenphysiol.-1981.-V. 102.-P. 199−205.
- Pennel R. I., Janniche L., Scofield G. N., Booij H., de Vries S. C., Roberts K. Identification of a transitional cell state in the developmental pathway to carrot somatic embryogenesis // J. Cell Biol.-1992.-V. 119, № 5.-P. 1371−1380.
- Peschke V. M., Phillips R. L. Activation of the maize transposable element• 147suppressor-mutator (Spm) in tissue culture // Theor. Appl. Genet.-199 l.-V. 81.-P. 90−97.
- Petru E. Development of embryoids in carrot root callus culture (Daucus carota L.) // Biol. Plant.-1970.-V. 12.-P. 1−5.
- Pliego-Alfaro F., Murashige T. Somatic embryogenesis in avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) in vitro II Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1988.-V. 12.-P. 61−66.
- Pitto L., Giorgetti L., Turrini A., Evangelista M., Luccarini G., Colella C.,
- Collina F., Caltavuturo L., Nuti Ronchi V. Floral genes expressed in tomato hypocotyls explants in liquid culture // Protoplasma.-2001.-V. 218.-P. 3−4.
- Polanco M. C., Ruiz M.L. Factors that affect plant regeneration from in vitro culture of immature seeds in four lentil cultivars // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-2001.-V. 66.-P. 133−139.
- Potrycus I., Harms С. Т., Lorz H. Problems in culturing cereal protoplasts // Cell genetics in higher plants / Ed. by Dudits D., Farakus G. L., Maliga P. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado. 1976.-P. 129−140.
- Ф 267. Power J. В., Chapman J. V. Isolation, Culture and Genetic Manipulation of Plant
- Protoplasts // Plant Cell Culture: a practical approach / Ed. by Dixon R. A. Oxford: IRL Press. 1985.-P. 37−66.
- Pua E.-C. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from hypocotyls protoplasts of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss // Plant Science.-1990.-V. 68.-P. 231−238.
- Quiroz-Figueroa F. R., Fuentes-Cerda C. F. J., Rojas-Herrera R., Loyola-Vargas V. M. Histological studies on the developmental stages and differentiation of0 two different somatic embryogenesis systems of Coffea arabica // Plant Cell
- Rep.-2002.-V. 20.-P. 1141−1149.
- Rajbhandari B. P., Dhaubhadel S., Gautam D. M., Gautam B. R. Plant regeneration via calli of leaf and stem explants in common buckwheat ecotypes // Proc. of 6th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Japan.-1995.-P. 191−196.
- Rangan T. S. Ovary, ovule and nucellus culture // Experimental embryology of vascular plants / Ed. by Johri B. M.-Berlin, New-York: Springer-Verlag. 1982.-P. 105−129.
- Raveh D., Galun E. Rapid regeneration of plants from tobacco protoplasts plated at low densities // Z. Pflanzenphysiol.-1975.-V. 76.-P. 76−79.
- Reinert J. Morphogenese und ihre Kontrolle an Gewebekulturen aus Carotten // Naturwissenschaften.-1958.-Bd. 45, № 14.-P. 344−345.
- Reinert J. Uber die Kontrolle der Morphogenese und die Induktion von Adventureembryonen an Gewebakulturen aus Carotten // Planta.-1959.-V. 53.-P. 318−333.
- Reinert J., Tazawa M., Semenoff S. Nitrogen compounds as factors of embryogenesis in vitro II Nature.-1967.-V. 216.-P. 1215−1216.
- Reynolds J. F., Murashige T. Asexual embryogenesis in callus cultures of palms //In Vitro.-1979.-V. 15.-P. 383−387.
- Roberts D. R. Abscisic acid and mannitol promote early development, maturation and storage protein accumulation in somatic embryos of interior spruce // Physiol. Plant.-199l.-V. 83.-P. 247−251.
- Rumyantseva N. I. Protoplasts from different buckwheat species: isolation and culture // Proceedings of 7th Intern. Protoplast Symposium «Progress in Plant Protoplast Research», Uppsala, Sweden, 1991.-Physiol. Plantarum.-199l.-V. 82, N1.-A19.
- Rumyantseva N., Fedoseeva N., Abdrakhmanova G., Nikolskaya V., Lopato S. Interspecific hybridisation in the genus Fagopyrum using in vitro embryo culture // Proc. of 6th Int. Symp. on Buckwheat, Japan.-1995.-V. l.-P. 211−220.т
- Rumyantseva N.I., Strashko О. V., Fedoseeva N. V., Nikolskaya V. G., Lozovaya V. V. Biotechnology of buckwheat // Proc. of Intern. Conf. «Biology of cell cultures and biotechnology», Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, 1993.-P. 156.
- Sahoo Y., Pattnaik S. K., Chand P. K. Plant regeneration from callus cultures of Morus indica L. derived from seedlings and mature plants // Scientia Hort.-1997.-V. 69.-P. 85−98.
- Saini R., Jaiwal P. K. Age, position in mother seedling, orientation, and polarity • of the epicotyl segments of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) determines itsmorphogenic response // Plant Sci.-2002.-V. 163.-P. 101−109.
- Samaj J., Baluska F., Bobak M., Volkmann D. Extracellular matrix surface network of embryogenic units of friable maize callus contains arabinogalactan-proteins recognized by monoclonal antibody JIM4 // Plant Cell Rep.-1999,-V. 18.-P. 369−374.
- Samimy C., Bjorkman Т., Siritunga D., Blanchard L. Overcoming the barrier to interspecific hybridisation of Fagopyrum esculentum with wild Fagopyrum tataricum II Euphytica.-1996.-V. 91.-P. 323−330.
- Schenk R. U., Hildebrandt A. C. Production of protoplasts from plant cells in liquid culture using purified commercial cellulases // Crop Sci.-1969.-V. 9.-P. 629−631.
- Schenk R. U., Hildebrandt A. C. Medium and techniques for induction of growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures // Can. J. Bot.-1972.-V. 50.-P. 166−204.
- Schiavone F. M., Cooke T. J. A geometric analysis of somatic embryo formation in carrot cell culture // Can. J. Bot.-1985.-V. 63.-P. 1573−1578.
- Schiavone F. M., Racusen R. H. Microsurgery reveals regional capabilities for pattern reestablishment in somatic carrot embryos // Develop. Biol.-1990.-V. 14l.-P. 211−219.
- Schieder O. Hybridization experiments with protoplasts from chlorophyll-deficient mutants of some Solanaceous species // Planta.-1977.-V. 137.-P. 253−257.т
- Sharma P., Rajam M. V. Spatial and temporal changes in endogenous polyamine levels associated with somatic embryogenesis from different hypocotyl segments of eggplant (Solarium melongena L.) // J. Plant Physiol.-1995.-V. 146, № 5−6.-P. 658−664.
- Sharp W. R., Sondahl M. R., Caldas L.S., Maraffa S. B. The physiology of in vitro asexual embryogenesis // Hortic. Rev.-1980.-V. 2.-P. 2658−310.
- Shepard J. F., Bidney D., Shanin E. Potato protoplasts in crop improvement // * Science.-1980.-V. 20−8.-P. 17−24.
- Sim G.-E., Loh C.-S., Goh C.-J. Direct somatic embryogenesis from protoplasts of Citrus mitis Blanco // Plant Cell Rep.-1988.-V. 7.-P. 418−420.
- Skoog F., Miller С. O. Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro II Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. «The biological action of growth substances» No. 11 / Ed. Porter H. K.-Cambridge: Univ. Press. 1957.-P. 118−131.
- Smith D. L., Krikorian A. D. Somatic proembryo production from excised, ф wounded zygotic carrot embryos on hormone-free medium: evaluation of theeffects of pH, ethylene and activated charcoal // Plant Cell Rep.-1990.-V. 9.-P. 468−470.
- Smith J. A., Sung Z. R. Increase in regeneration of plant cells by cross feeding with regenerating Daucus carota cells // Somatic Embryogenesis / Ed. by Terzi M., Pitto L., Sung Z. R.-Rome: Incremento Produttivita Risorse Agricole. 1985.-P. 133−136.
- Smith S. M., Street H. E. The decline of embryogenic potential as callus and suspension cultures of carrot {Daucus carota) are serially subcultured // Ann. Bot.-1974.-V. 38.-P. 223−241.
- Souter M., Lindsey K. Polarity and signalling in plant embryogenesis // J. Exp. Bot.-2000.-V. 51, № 347.-P. 971−983.
- Srejovic V., Neskovic M. Regeneration of plants from cotyledon fragments of buckwheat {Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) // Z. Pflanzenphysiol.-1981.-V. 104.-P. 37−42.
- Srejovic V., Neskovic M. Formation and anatomy of buckwheat organogenic callus tissue in vitro // Bulletin de l’Universite de Beograd.-1983.-V. XVII,-P. 45−50.
- Sterk P., Booij H., Schellekens G. A., van Kammen A., de Vries S. C. Cell-specific expression of the carrot EP2 lipid transfer protein gene // Plant Cell.-1991.-V. 3,№ 9.-P. 907−921.
- Steward F. C. Growth and organized development of cultured cells. III.• Interpretations of the growth from free cells to carrot plants // Amer. J. Bot.1958.-V. 45, № 10.-P. 709−713.
- Steward F. C., Ammirarato P. V., Mapes M. O. Growth and Development of Totipotent Cells: Some Problems, Procedures, and Perspectives // Ann. Bot.-1970.-V. 34.-P. 761−787.
- Steward F. C., Mapes M. O., Hears K. Growth and organized development of cultured cells. II. Organization in cultures grown from freely suspended cells // Am. J. Bot.-1958.-V. 45.-P. 705−708.
- Steward F. C., Mapes M. O., Kent A.E., Holsten R. D. Growth and developmentof cultured plant cells // Science.-1964.-V. 143, № 2.-P. 20−27.
- Street H. E. Single-cell clones derivation and selection // Plant tissue cell culture / Ed. by Street H. E.-Oxford: Blackwell. 1977.-P. 207−222.
- Street H. E., Withers L. A. The anatomy of embryogenesis in culture // Proc. Ill Intern. Congress Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Leicester.-1974.-P. 71−100.
- Strickland S. G., Nichol J. W., Mc Call С. M., Stuart D. A. Effects of carbohydrate source on alfalfa somatic embryogenesis // Plant Sci.-1987.-V. 48.-P. 113−121.
- Suh H. W., Goforth D. R., Cunningham B. A., Liang G. H. Biochemical characterization of six trisomies of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Monench. //Biochem. Genet.-1977.-V. 15.-P. 611−620.
- Suvorova G. N., Fesenko N. N., Kostrubin M. M. Obtaining of interspecific buckwheat hybrid (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. x F. cymosum Meissn.) // Fagopyrum.-1994.-№. 14.-P. 13−16.
- Suvorova G., Fesenko N. V., Fesenko M. Buckwheat micropropagation by means of meristem culture // Proc. of 7th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Canada.-1998.-P. V-25−31.
- Swamy B. G. L., Krishnamurthy К. V. On embryos and embryoids // Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.-1981.-V. 96.-P. 401−414.
- Takahata Y., Jumonji E. Plant regeneration from hypocotyl sections and callus in buckwheat // Ann. Rep. Fac. Educ., Iwate Univ.-1985.-V. 45, № 1.1. P. 137−142.
- Takebe I., Labib G., Melchers G. Regeneration of whole plants from isolated mesophyll prtotoplasts of tobacco // Naturwissenschaften.-1971.-V. 58.-P. 318−320.
- Tang W., Guo Z. In vitro propagation of loblolly pine via direct somatic organogenesis from mature cotyledons and hypocotyls // Plant Growth Reg.-2001.-V. 33.-P. 25−31.
- Thorpe T. A. In vitro organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis: physiological ^ and biochemical aspects // Morphogenesis in Plants / Eds. Roubelakis-Angelakis
- K.A., Tran Thanh Van K.M.-New York: Plenum Press. 1993.-P. 19−38.
- Thorpe T. A., Meier D. D. Starch metabolism respiration and shoot formation in tobacco callus cultures // Physiol. Plantarum.-1972.-V. 27, № l.-P. 365−369.
- Thorpe T. A., Patel K. R. Clonal propagation: adventitious buds // Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants, V. 1 / Ed. by Vasil I. K.-Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, Inc. 1984.-P. 49−60. ,
- Tisserat В., Esan В. В., Murashige T. Somatic embryogenesis in angiosperm // Hortic. Rev.-1979.-V. l.-P. 1−78.
- Toonen M. A. J., Hendriks Т., Schmidt E. D. L., Verhoeven H. A., van Kammen A., de Vries S. C. Description of somatic embryo forming single cells in carrot suspension cultures employing video cell tracking // Planta.-1994.-V. 194.-P. 565−572.
- Tran Thanh Van K. Control of morphogenesis in in vitro cultures // Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol.-198l.-V. 32.-P.291−311.
- Tremblay L., Tremblay F. M. Carbohydrate requirements for the development of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B. S. P.) and red spruce (P.rubens Sarg.) somatic embryos // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1991.-V. 27.-P. 95−103.
- Tremblay L., Tremblay F. M. Maturation of black spruce somatic embryos: Sucrose hydrolysis and resulting osmotic pressure of the medium // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1995.-V. 42.-P. 39−46.
- Ujihara A., Nakamura Y., Minami M. Interspecific hybridisation in genus ¦ Fagopyrum Propeties of hybrids (F. esculentum Moench. x F. cymosum
- Meissner) through ovule culture // Gamma Field Symposia, Japan.-1990.-№ 29.-P. 45−53.
- Van Engelen F. A., de Vries S. C. Extracellular proteins in plant embryogenesis // TIG.-1992.-V. 8, № 2.-P. 66−70.
- Vardi A., Spiegel-Roy P., Galun E. Citrus cell culture: Isolation of protoplasts, plating densities, effect of mutagens and generation of embryos // Plant. Sci. Lett.-1975.-V. 4.-P. 231−236.
- Vasil I., Vasil V., Sutton W. D., Giles K. L. Protoplasts as tools from the geneticmodification of plants // Proc. Int. Symp. Yearst and Other Protoplasts, University of Nottingham.-1975.-P. 82.
- Vasil V., Vasil I. K. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of pearl millet {Pennisetum americanum) II Ann. Bot.-1981.-V. 47.-P. 669−678.
- Verhagen S. A., Wann S. R. Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis: high-frequency initiation from light-cultured mature embryos // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1989.-V. 16.-P. 103−111.
- Verma D. C., Dougall D. K. Influence of carbohydrates on quantitative aspects of growth and embryo formation in wild carrot suspension cultures // Plant Physiol.-1977.-V. 59.-P. 81−85.
- Vyskot В., Gazdova В., Siroky J. Methylation patterns of two repetitive DNA sequences in tobacco tissue cultures and their regenerants // Biol. Plant.-1993,-V. 35.-P. 321−327.
- Wang Y. J., Campbell C. Interspecific hybridisation among Fagopyrum esculentum, F. homotropicum and F. tataricum // Proc. of 7th Int. Symp. on buckwheat, Canada.-1998.-P. 1−1-12.
- Warren G. S., Fowler M. W. Physiological interactions during the initial stages of embryogenesis in cultures of Daucus carota L. // New Phytol.-198l.-V. 87.-P. 481−486.
- Warren Wilson J., Warren Wilson P. M. Mechanisms of auxin regulation of structural and physiological polarity in plants, tissues cells and embryos // Austral. J. Plant Physiol.-1993.-V. 20.-P. 555−571.
- Weatherhead M. A., Burdon J., Henshaw G. G. Some effects of activated charcoal as an additive to plant tissue culture media // Z. Pflanzenphysiol.-1978.-V. 89.-P. 141−147.
- Weber H., Borisjuk L., Wobus U. Sugar import and metabolism during seed development // Trends Plant Sci.-1997.-V. 2.-P. 169−174.
- Wernicke W., Potrykus I., Thomas E. Morphogenesis from cultured leaf tissue of Sorghum bicolour the morphogenetic pathways // Protoplasma.-1982.-V. 111.-P. 53−62.
- Wetherell D. F. Enhanced adventive embryogenesis resulting from plasmolysis of cultured wild carrot cells // Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1984.-V. 3.-P. 221−227.
- White P. R. The Cultivation of Animal and Plant Cells // 2nd ed. New York: Roland Press. 1963.-239 p.
- Williams E. G., Maheswaran G. Somatic Embryogenesis: Factors Influencing Coordinated Behaviour of Cells as an Embryogenic Group // Annals of Botany.-1986.-V. 57.-P. 443−462.
- Williams M. E., Hepburn A. G., Widholm J. M. Somaclonal variation in a maize inbred line is not associated with change of a number or location of Ac-homologous sequences // Theor. Appl. Genet.-199l.-V. 8l.-P. 272−276.
- Wilms F. H. A., Sassen M. M. A., Origin and development of floral buds in tobacco explants // New Phytol.-1987.-V. 105.-P. 57−65.
- Witjaksono, Litz R. E. Maturation of avocado somatic embryos and plant recovery//Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.-1999.-V. 58.-P. 141−148.
- Woo S. H., Adachi T. Production of interspecific hybrids between Fagopyrum esculentum and F. homotropicum through embryo rescue // SABRAO J.-1997.-V. 29.-P 89−95.
- Woo S. H., Jong S. K., Adachi T. Plant regeneration from hypocotyl of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and wild buckwheat (F. homotropicum) II Proc. of 7th Intern. Symp. on buckwheat, Canada, 1998-P. I- 326−333.
- Woo S. H., Nair A., Adachi Т., Campbell C. G. Plant regeneration from cotyledon tissues of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) // In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol.- Plant.-2000.-V. 36.-P. 358−361.
- Woo S. H., Wang Y. J., Campbell C. G. Interspecific hybrids with Fagopyrum cymosum in the genus Fagopyrum // Fagopyrum.-1999.-№ 16.-P. 13−18.
- Xu N., Coulter К. M., Bewley J. L. Abscisic acid and osmoticum prevent germination of developing alfalfa embryos but only osmoticum maintains the synthesis of developmental proteins // Planta.-1990.-V. 182.-P. 382−390.
- Xu Z. H., Huang В., Sunderland N. Culture of barley anthers in conditioned media // J. Exp. Bot.-1981.-V. 32.-P. 767−778.
- Yamane Y. Induced differentiation of buckwheat plants from subcultured calluses in vitro I/ Japan J. Genetics.-1974.-V. 49.-P. 139−146.
- Yeung E. C. Structural and developmental patterns in somatic embryogenesis // In vitro Embryogenesis in Plants / Ed. by Thorpe T. A.-Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Pub.-1995.-V. 20.-P. 205−247.
- Yoshihiko Т., Hiroshi M. Duration of treatment of carrot hypocotyl explants with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for direct somatic embryogenesis // Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.-1996.-V. 60, № 5.-P. 891−892.
- Yu W. C., Joyce P. J., Cameron D. C., McCown В. H. Sucrose utilization during potato microtuber growth in bioreactors // Plant Cell Rep.-2000.-V. 19.-P. 407−413.
- Zimmerman J. L. Somatic embryogenesis: a model for early development in higher plants//Plant Cell.-1993 .-V. 5.-P. 1411−1423.