ΠŸΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Π² ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‘Π±Π΅, ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ быстро...
Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π΅ΠΌ вмСстС Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄Ρ‹

ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· трансгСнных растСний, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² гордСивирусов

Π”ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡΠŸΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈΠ£Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹

ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ попадания фитовирусов Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ нСдостаточно Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ. БчитаСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ вируса Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΡƒ происходит Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· мСханичСскиС поврСТдСния Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ стСнкС (Carrington et al, 1996). Π˜Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ вирусы, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ насСкомыми ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ Π²ΠΎ Ρ„лоэму (Tamada and Kusume 1991; Richards and Tamada 1992; Robinson et al, 1997… Π§ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Ρ‰Ρ‘ >

Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅

  • Бписок сокращСний
  • Π“
  • Π’Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
  • 2. ΠžΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹
    • 2. 1. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ полоТСния ^
    • 2. 2. ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ фнтовирусы, содСрТащиС Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉΠ±Π»ΠΎΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
      • 2. 2. 1. БСмСйство Tubiviridae
        • 2. 2. 1. 1. Π ΠΎΠ΄ Benyvirus
        • 2. 2. 1. 2. Π ΠΎΠ΄ Pomovirus
        • 2. 2. 1. 3. Π ΠΎΠ΄ Pecluvirus. 16 * 2.2.1.4. Π ΠΎΠ΄ Hordeivirus
      • 2. 2. 2. ΠŸΠΎΡ€ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Tymovirales 19 2.2:2:1. БСмСйство Potexviridae 1 ^
    • 2. 3. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ изучСния Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² фитовирусов
      • 2. 3. 1. 1. Π‘ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“ 22 2.3- 1.1.1.Π‘ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Π°" локализация 6Π’Π‘Π“1 21 2.3.1.1.2. БубклСточная локализация Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²-Π’Π‘Π“ ΠΈΠ›Π‘Π•Π—
      • 2. 3. 1. 2. БубклСточная локализация транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² тобамовирусов
      • 2. 3. 1. 3. БубклСточная локализация транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² витивирусов, порядок Tymovirales
    • 2. 3. ". 1.4. БубклСточная локализация транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² прСдставитСлСй сСмСйства Bromoviridae
      • 2. 3. 1. 5. БубклСточная- локализация- транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² прСдставитСлСй сСмСйства Comoviridae
      • 2. 3. 1. 6. БубклСточная локализация транспортных
  • Π€ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² прСдставитСлСй, сСмСйства Tombusviridae
    • 2. 3. 2. ЭлСктронная микроскопия транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²
      • 2. 3. 2. 1. ЭлСктронная микроскопия Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“ 28 ^ 2.3.2.2. Π­Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π½Π°* микроскопия: Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΠ³ΡˆΡ€Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… вирусов растСний
      • 2. 3. 3. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ микроскопии
      • 2. 3. 3. Π₯ Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ флуорСсцСнтной микроскопии
    • 2. 3. ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²
      • 2. 3. 1. Гомологичная комплСмСнтация транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²
      • 2. 3. 2. ГСтСрологичная комплСмСнтация транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²
        • 2. 3. 2. 1. ГСтСрологичная комплСмСнтация транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ in cis
        • 2. 3. 2. 2. ГСтСрологичная комплСмСнтация транспортных, Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ in tram 37 2.3.2.2.1. ГСтСрологичная комплСмСнтация транспортных Π±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠ² с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… конструкций
        • 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. ГСтСрологичная комплСмСнтация транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² вирусов Π² Ρ‚рансгСнных растСниях
        • 2. 3. 2. 2. 3. ГСтСрологичная комплСмСнтация вирусного транспорта с ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ вирусов-ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²
    • 2. 4. Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡ‚Π²Π° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²
      • 2. 4. 1. ΠžΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π’Π‘Π“
      • 2. 4. 2. ΠžΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ структуры Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“2 ΠΈ 44 Π– Π’Π‘Π“Π—
      • 2. 4. 3. ЭкспрСссия Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“
      • 2. 4. 4. БиохимичСскиС ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ свойства Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ°
      • 2. 4. 5. Π€ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“2 ΠΈ Π’Π‘Π“Π—
      • 2. 4. 6. ВозмоТная схСма транспорта Π’Π‘Π“-содСрТащих вирусов
  • 3. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹
    • 3. 1. Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹
    • 3. 2. Π€Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹
    • 3. 3. Π’Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ для клонирования ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹
    • 3. 4. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄Ρ‹, использовавшиСся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ 55 Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π°
    • 3. 5. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π”ΠΠš
    • 3. 6. Врансформация Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ 56 Π”ΠΠš
    • 3. 7. Π­Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π· Π² Π°Π³Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π³Π΅Π»Π΅
    • 3. 8. Π˜Π·Π²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π”ΠΠš ΠΈΠ· Π°Π³Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ гСля
    • 3. 9. Π¦ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π”ΠΠš
    • 3. 10. Врансформация Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ
    • 3. 11. Врансформация Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ A. tumefaciens ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π”ΠΠš
    • 3. 12. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… кислот ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ A. tumefaciens
    • 3. 14. РСстрикционный Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Π”ΠΠš, Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ A. tumefaciens
    • 3. 15. Π”ΠΠš-Π±Π»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ 61 3 Π›6. Гибридизация Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ кислот, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Π½Π°ΠΉΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅
    • 3. 17. Π‘ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π· Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° для Π³ΠΈΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ
    • 3. 18. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ РНК ΠΈΠ· Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ
    • 3. 19. Π­Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π΅Π· РНК Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π»Π΅
    • 3. 20. Π˜ΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²
    • 3. 21. Π‘ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ
    • 3. 22. Π Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½ Π² Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅ плотности сахарозы
    • 3. 23. Экстракция Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ш ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½
    • 3. 24. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ РНК ΠΈΠ· Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ протяТСнного Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° сахарозы
    • 3. 25. Ѐлотация ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²
  • 4. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹
    • 4. 1. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ трансгСнных растСний, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ: Π’Π‘Π“Π— ΠŸΠ›Π’Πœ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ
  • Π’Π‘Π“Π— Π“ΠžΠ’ΠžΠœ, слитого с GFP
    • 4. 2. Π˜ΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² 18К ΠΈ GFP-18K Π² Ρ‚рансгСнных ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растСниях
    • 4. 3. ЭпифлуорСсцСнтная микроскопия трансгСнных растСний, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π³Π΅Π½. Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° GFP- 18К
    • 4. 4. Π€ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² 18К ΠΈ GFP-18K, экспрСссируСмых Π² Ρ‚рансгСнных растСниях
    • 4. 5. Π‘ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ 18К ΠΈ GFP-18К
    • 4. 6. ИсслСдованиС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² 18К ΠΈ GFP
    • 4. 7. Локализация Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² 18К ΠΈ GFP-18K Π² ΡΠ²Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ичСском Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŽΠΌΠ΅
  • 5. ΠžΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²
  • 6. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹

ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· трансгСнных растСний, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ° Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² гордСивирусов (Ρ€Π΅Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚, курсовая, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ)

ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ молСкулярной фитовирусологии являСтся исслСдованиС Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ вирусного Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ взаимодСйствия вирусного ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π° с Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ — Ρ…ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠžΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ являСтся ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² транспорта вирусов Π² Π·Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ растСнии. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ. Π² Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ, транспортС ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ вирус-ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ транспортныС Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ пСрСнос вирусного Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡ‚ ΡΠ°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ транспорт, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ распространСниС вирусного Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ (Atabekov and Dorokhov, 1984; Carrington et al, 1996).

ВранспортныС Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ фитовирусов дСлятся Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ классов, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… являСтся Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ 1-Π΅ Π½ΠΎΠ² (Π’Π‘Π“) (Moruzov etui., 1987; 1989). Π’ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ or Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ вирусов Π’Π‘Π“ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… участках вирусного Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ располоТСниС Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“1, Π’Π‘Π“2 ΠΈ Π’Π‘Π“Π— ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² всСгда ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ. ΠœΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π»ΡŽΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“ приводят ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π΅ вирусом транспортных Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ (Petty and Jackson, 1990; Beck et al, 1991; Gilmer et al, 1992; Herzog et al., 1998). Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ 6Π’Π‘Π“1. Для Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° РНК-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ, НВЀ-азная ΠΈ Ρ…Сликазная активности (Bleykasten et al., 996- Kalinina et al., 1996; 2001; 2002; Donald et al., 1997; Wung et al., 1999; Liou et al., 2000), ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ распрСдСлСниС ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ΅ (Niesbach-Klosgen et al., 1990; Donald et al., 1993; Rouleau et al., 1994; Morozov et al, 1999; Erhardt et al, 1999; 2000; Lawrence and Jackson, 2001). Π’ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ 6Π’Π‘Π“1, биохимичСскиС свойства Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π’Π‘Π“2 ΠΈ Π’Π‘Π“Π— ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ слабСС. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ обусловлСно высокой Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ этих Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ². Локализация 6Π’Π‘Π“2 Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π·Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растСний Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° достаточно Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ (Niesbach-Klosgen et al, 1990; Donald et al, 1993), ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ биохимичСскими ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ 6Π’Π‘Π“Π— Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Ρ… Π·Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растСний Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΡ€ Π½Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΡƒΡΠΏΠ΅ΡˆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ (Niesbach-Klosgen et al, 1990; Donald et al, 199JKrishnamurthy et at., 2003). Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡ‚оящий ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ появилось достаточно ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ свСдСний ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ этого Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ экспрСссии Π΅Π³ΠΎ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм (Solovyev et al, 2000; Cowan et al, 2002; Krishnamutrfhy et al, 2003).

2. ΠžΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹.

2Π›. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ полоТСния транспорта вирусов растСний.

РаспространСниС фитовирусов ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚каням растСния-хозяина происходит ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ стратСгиипо ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π²ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΡ„Π°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Из ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡΡΡŒ-ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ, вирус транспортируСт свой Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ растСний (Atabekov and Taliansky, 1990; Carrington et al, 1996; Lazarowitz, 1999; Oparka and Roberts, 2001). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ распространСниС фитовирусов Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ траснпортом (Carrington et al, Π’996- Ding, 1998; Lazarowitz and Beachy 1999; Oparka and Roberts, 2001). ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ вирус способСн ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ„лоэмС пассивно с Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Тидкости. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, вирус пСрСмСщаСтся, Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ‚Π΅Π±Π»ΡŽ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ дистанции ΠΊ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌ Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ процСсс имСнуСтся дальним транспортом (Atabekov and Taliansky, 1990; Carrington et al, 1996; Lazarowitz, 1999; Oparka and Roberts, 2001). Попав Π² Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ лист, для дальнСйшСго распространСния фитовирусы снова ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ транспорта. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сущСствуСт нСсколько Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ фитовирусов, нСспособных ΠΊ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡƒ транспорту Π² ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π»Π΅ листовой пластины, ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡŒ ΠΈΡ… ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ» ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π²ΠΎ Ρ„лоэмС. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ вирусы Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ флоэмноограничСнными (Leisner and Turgeon, 1993; Lucas and Wolf, 1999; Santa Cruz 1999).

ΠœΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ попадания фитовирусов Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ нСдостаточно Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ. БчитаСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ вируса Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΡƒ происходит Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· мСханичСскиС поврСТдСния Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ стСнкС (Carrington et al, 1996). Π˜Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ вирусы, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ насСкомыми ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ Π²ΠΎ Ρ„лоэму (Tamada and Kusume 1991; Richards and Tamada 1992; Robinson et al, 1997). НСкоторыС вирусы способны ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· сСмСна ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ (Jackson et al., 1989; Edwards, 1995; Wang et al., 1997).

ПослС попадания Π²ΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΡƒ, Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ процСссы, связанныС с Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ вирусного i-Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ синтСзируСмых вирусснСцифичСских Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² имССтся ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ нСсколько Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², функциями ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ являСтся обСспСчСниС процСссов Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ транспорта. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ транспортных Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ности, Π² Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π’Π‘ Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… транспорт вирусного Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π° Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ. ΠœΠ΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ вирусного Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ядро для Π”ΠΠš-содСрТащих фитовирусов ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ° для РНК-содСрТащих вирусов. Π£ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… вирусов транспортной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π’Π‘ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ. Иногда Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘Πž Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ для обСспСчСния Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ дальнСго транспорта.

2.2. ΠΠ»ΡŒΡ„Π°-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Π΅ фитовирусы, содСрТащиС Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ².

Π“Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ вирусов, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², прСдставляСт собой ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ РНК ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ полярности. ВсС вирусы, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π’Π‘Π“, относятся ΠΊ ΡΡƒΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вирусов ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄Π²Π° Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°. Π’ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΈΡ… Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ РНК всСгда нСсут кэп-структуру ΠΏΠ° 5'ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ-А-Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π ΠΠš ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡƒΡŽ структуру Π½Π° Π—’ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅. Π’ΠΎ-Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ для РНК-зависимой РНК-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ‹, относящСйся ΠΊ ΡΡƒΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ 3, Ρ…Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ для супСрсСмСйства 1, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-Π³ΡƒΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ»-трансфСразный Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ (Goldbach, 1987; Koonin and Dolja, 1993).

Π’ ΡΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π² супСргруппы Π°Π»ΡŒΡ„Π°-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ‹Ρ… вирусов входят Π΄Π²Π° сСмСйства, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ прСдставитСлСй ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… содСрТит Π’Π‘Π“. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ сСмСйства Tubiviridae ΠΈ Potexviridae.

Π±. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹.

1. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ трансгСнныС растСния N. benthamiana, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ 18К ΠΈ GFP-18K ΠŸΠ›Π’Πœ.

2. ΠšΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² 18К ΠΈ GFP-18K, экспрСссируСмых Π² Ρ‚рансгСнных растСниях.

3. Π‘Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ 18К ΠΈ GFP-18K Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π² Ρ‚рансгСнных ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… растСниях. ВыявлСна ΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ высокомолСкулярных Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ².

4. Π‘ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ трансгСнных растСний, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ 18К ΠΈ GFP-18K ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ экстракции этих Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΡƒ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠ².

5. Анализ распрСдСлСния Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ° 18К ΠΈ GFP-18K ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²-ΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚яТСнном Π³Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅ плотности сахарозы ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эти Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΈ ассоциированы со ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π­Π .

ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ вСсь тСкст

Бписок Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹

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