Мутационная изменчивость CTX-M ?-лактамаз и формирование устойчивости к цефтазидиму у клинических и лабораторных штаммов Escherichia coli
Диссертация
С тех пор, как в 20-х годах прошлого столетия Александром Флемингом был открыт пенициллин, «чудо лекарство», способное подавлять рост бактерий, ß—лактамные антибиотики (ß—лактамы) составляют основу современной антибактериальной химиотерапии и занимают ведущее место в лечении большинства бактериальных инфекций (7). ß—Лактамы представляют собой обширный класс антибиотиков, который… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ СОКРАЩЕНИЙ
- ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
- ЗАДАЧИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
- НАУЧНАЯ НОВИЗНА
- ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ, ВЫНОСИМЫЕ НА ЗАЩИТУ
- АПРОБАЦИЯ РАБОТЫ И НАУЧНЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ
- ЧАСТЬ I. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- Глава 1. Общая характеристика р-лактамаз расширенного спектра
- Глава 2. Р-лактамазы расширенного спектра СТХ-М типа
- 2. 1. Хронология появления и классификация СТХ-М р-лактамаз
- 2. 2. Филогенетическое происхождение СТХ-М Р-лактамаз
- 2. 3. Особенности генетического окружения 6/астх-м генов
- 2. 4. Мобилизация и перенос Ыа^х-м генов
- 2. 5. Эпидемиология СТХ-М ферментов
- 2. 6. Структурные и функциональные особенности СТХ-МБЛРС
- 2. 6. 1. Значение отдельных аминокислот в формировании расширенного спектра активности
- 2. 6. 2. Структурные изменения СТХ-М Р-лактамаз, приводящие к смене фенотипа резистентности
- 2. 7. Биохимические свойства СТХ-М ферментов
- 2. 8. Фенотипы резистентности к Р-лактамам, опсредованные продукцией СТХ-М р-лактамаз
- 2. 9. Определение СТХ-М БЛРС при помощи фенотипических тестов
- 2. 10. Эволюция СТХ-М р-лактамаз
- 2. 11. Роль гипермутабельности в эволюции СТХ-М БЛРС
- ЧАСТЬ И. СОБСТВЕННЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
- Глава 4. Материалы и методы исследования.48'
- 4. 1. Общая характеристика и дизайн исследования
- 4. 2. Лабораторные штаммы микроорганизмов
- 4. 3. Клинические штаммы микроорганизмов
- 4. 4. Определение чувствительности клинических изолятов к антибиотикам
- 4. 5. Фенотипическое обнаружение БЛРС
- 4. 6. Выделение бактериальной ДНК для последующей амплификации
- 4. 7. ПЦР-амплификация, клонирование и секвенирование генов ß--лактамаз
- 4. 8. Перенос детерминант резистентности с помощью конъюгации.57 (
- 4. 9. Изоэлектрическое фокусирование ß--лактамаз
- 4. 10. Типирование клинических штаммов с помошью ПЦР с произвольными праймерами (АР-PCR
- 4. 11. Типирование клинических штаммов с помошью пульс-электрофореза (PFGE) макрорестрикционных фрагментов геномной ДНК
- 4. 12. Анализ природных плазмид, несущих гены 6/<2стх-м
- 4. 13. Определение частоты формирования спонтанных мутантов, устойчивых к рифампицинк к рифампицину
- 4. 14. In vitro селекция мутаций устойчивости к цефтазидиму у штаммов, продуцирующих СТХ-М ß--лактамазы
- 4. 15. Определение копийности плазмид, несущих гены 6/ястх-м
- Глава 5. Результаты исследования
- 5. 1. Идентификация клинических изолятов, продуцирующих цефтазидим-гидролизующих СТХ-М ß--лактамазы
- 5. 2. Выявление источников происхождения ß--лактамазы СТХ-М-42, гидролизующей цефтазидим
- 5. 2. 1. Молекулярно генетическое типирование клинических изолятов Е. col
- 5. 2. 2. Анализ СТХ-М-кодирующих плазмид Е. coli 2320, 2322,
- 5. 2. 3. Выявление фенотипа гипермутабельности у клинических штаммов
- 5. 2. 4. Подтверждение роли мутации Pro167—>Thr в изменении спектра активности СТХ-М БЛРС
- 5. 3. In vitro селекция мутаций устойчивости к цефтазидиму у штаммов-продуцентов СТХ-М
- 5. 4. Влияние копийности плазмид, несущих гены СТХ-М ß--лактамаз, на уровни резистентности к ß--лактамным антибиотикам
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