Помощь в учёбе, очень быстро...
Работаем вместе до победы

«Изучение нейропротекторных свойств пептидного фрагмента аполипопротеина Е» «COG1410» ""

ДиссертацияПомощь в написанииУзнать стоимостьмоей работы

Феномен кетамининдуцрованной вращательной асимметрии в оценке двигательных нарушении у крыс с окклюзиеи средней мозговой артерии / С. В. Лебедев и др. // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2003. — Т. 135, № 5 — С. 500−504. Мониторинг неврологического дефицита и нарушений нервной деятельности у крыс с фокальной ишемией головного мозга / Чехонин В.П.и др. // Бюллетень… Читать ещё >

Содержание

  • Актуальность исследований
  • Цель и задачи исследований
  • Научная новизна работы
  • Основные положения, выносимые на защиту
  • Внедрение результатов' исследования в практику
  • Связь задач исследований с проблемным планом фармацевтических наук
  • Объем и структура диссертации
  • Апробация и публикация результатов исследования
  • ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

«Изучение нейропротекторных свойств пептидного фрагмента аполипопротеина Е» «COG1410» "" (реферат, курсовая, диплом, контрольная)

Выводы.

1. Установлено, что ССЮ1410, при однократном внутривенном введении через 30 минут после экспериментального инсульта у крыс CD, улучшает координацию и уменьшает локомоторную асимметрию.

2. COG 1410 уменьшает объемы инфаркта головного мозга крыс CD после перенесенного инсульта на 10%, по отношению к животным, получавшим растворитель.

3. В исследовании токсических эффектов пептида COGHIO на мышах CD-1, установлено, что основной мишенью токсического действия пептида является сердечно-сосудистая система, а дозы, превышающие терапевтическую в 10, 15 и 20 раз вызывают местную раздражающую реакцию. Также установлены половые различия в реакции на дозу COG1410, превышающую терапевтическую в 20 раз.

4. В радиотелеметрическом исследовании гемодинамических показателей выявлен токсический эффект COG1410 на сердечно-сосудистую систему мышей CD-I. В дозе, на порядок превышающей терапевтическую, пептид COG1410 вызывает острое снижение АД и некомпенсированное падение ЧСС, что позволяет прогнозировать его побочные эффекты при передозировке.

1. Виберс, Д. О. Инсульт. Клиническое руководство / Виберс Д. О.,.

2. B.Л.Фейгин, Р. Д. Браун /СПБ Диалект бином, 2005. 607 с.

3. Воронина, Т. А. Мексидол, основные эффекты, механизм действия, применение Электронный ресурс. Электрон, дан. (1 файл). — М., 2005. -Режим доступа: http://www.voed.ru/mexidol.htm — Загл. с экрана.

4. Гусев, Е. И. Ишемия головного мозга /Гусев Е.И., Скворцова В. И. / Москва, 2001. 328 с.

5. Гуськова Т. А. Токсикология лекарственных средств /Гуськова Т.А. // Москва. -2003. 153 с.

6. Доклинический прогноз безопасности пирацетама и пикамилона на основе показателей острой токсичности / Бугаева JI. И. и др. // Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2004. — Том 67, № 3.1. C. 61−65.

7. Захаров, В. В. Лечение острой и хронической церебральной ишемии / В. В. Захаров, Н. НЛхно // Фарматека. 2004. — № 14. — С.88−92.

8. Кадыков, А. С. Сосудистые заболевания головного мозга. Справочник / А. С Кадыков, Н. В. Шахпаронова / Москва: Миклош, 2006. 191с.

9. Мониторинг неврологического дефицита и нарушений нервной деятельности у крыс с фокальной ишемией головного мозга / Чехонин В.П.и др. // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2003. — Т. 135, № 6 — С.629−633.

10. Приказ Минздрава РФ № 267 от 19.06.2003 «Об утверждении правил лабораторной практики». Приказ зарегистрирован в Минюсте РФ 25.06.2003 под № 4809. — 18с.

11. Феномен кетамининдуцрованной вращательной асимметрии в оценке двигательных нарушении у крыс с окклюзиеи средней мозговой артерии / С. В. Лебедев и др. // Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии и медицины. 2003. — Т. 135, № 5 — С. 500−504.

12. A comparison of long-term functional outcome after 2 middle cerebral artery occlusion models in rats / Roof Robin L. et al. // Stroke. 2001. — Vol. 32. — P. 2648−2657.

13. A novel apoE-derived therapeutic reduces vasospasm and improves outcome in a murine model of subarachnoid hemorrhage / J. Gao. et al. // Neurocrit. Care. -2006.-Vol. 4(1).-P. 25−31.

14. A novel therapeutic derived from apolipoprotein E reduces brain inflammation and improves outcome after closed head injury / Lynch John R. et al. // Experimental Neurology. 2005. — Vol. 192 (1). — P. 109- 116.

15. A role for apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-I, and low density lipoprotein receptors in cholesterol transport during regeneration and remyelination of the rat sciatic nerve / Boyles J.K. et al. // J. Clin. Invest. 1989. — Vol. 83(3). — P. 1015−1031.

16. A semiautomated method for measuring brain infarct volume / Swanson R.A. et al. // J. Cereb. Blood. Flow Metab. 1990. — Vol. 10. -P. 290−293.

17. A specific 37,000-Dalton protein that accumulates in regenerating but not in nonregenerating mammalian nerves / Muller H.W. et al. // Science. 1985. -Vol. 228(4698). — P. 499−501.

18. A thrombin cleavage fragment of apolipoprotein E exhibits isoform-specific neurotoxicity / Marques M.A. et al. // NeuroReport. 1996. — Vol. 7. — P. 2529−2532.

19. Acceleration of Alzheimer’s fibril formation by apolipoprotein E in vitro / Wisniewski T. et al. //Am. J. Pathol. 1994. — Vol. 145. — P. 1030−1035.

20. Allan, S. M. Inflammation in the central nervous system. / Allan, S. M. Rothwell, N. J. // Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 2003. — Vol. 358. — P. 16 691 677.

21. Altered immune responses in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice / Laskowitz D.T. et al. // J. Lipid Res. 2000. — Vol. 41. — P. 613−620.

22. Amyloid-associated proteins a-antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E promote assembly of Alzheimer P-protein into filaments / Ma J. et al. // Nature. 1994. -Vol. 372.-P. 92−94.

23. Androgens protect against apolipoprotein E4-induced cognitive deficits / Raber J. et al. // J. Neurosci. 2002. — Vol. 22(12). — P. 5204−5209.

24. Antioxidant mechanisms in apolipoprotein E deficient mice prior to and following closed head injury / Lomnitski L. et al. // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. -1999.-Vol. 1453.-P. 359−368.

25. APOE 4 is associated with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea / Gottlieb D. J. et al. // Neurology. 2004. — Vol. 63. — P. 664−668.

26. APOE and the regulation of microglial nitric oxide production: a link between genetic risk and oxidative stress / Colton C.A. et al. // Neurobiol. Aging. -2002.-Vol. 23.-P. 777−785.

27. АРОЕ and the risk of PD with or without dementia in a population-based study / Harhangi B.S. et al. // Neurology. 2000. — Vol. 54. — P. 1272−1276.

28. ApoE deficiency compromises the blood brain barrier especially after injury / Methia N. et al. // Mol. Med. 2001. — Vol. 7. — P. 810−815.

29. ApoE genotype and an ApoE-mimetic peptide modify the systemic and central nervous system inflammatory response / Lynch J.R. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. -2003. Vol. 278. — P. 48 529−48 533.

30. ApoE genotype and survival from intracerebral haemorrhage / Alberts, M. J. et al. // Lancet. 1995. — Vol. 346 — P. 575.

31. ApoE genotype influences acquisition and recall following traumatic brain injury / Crawford F.C. et al. // Neurology. 2002. — Vol. 58. — P. 1115−1118.

32. APOE genotype is a major predictor of long-term progression of disability in MS / Chapman J. et al. // Neurology. 2001. -Vol. 56. — P. 312−316.

33. ApoE genotype is a risk factor for neuropathy severity in diabetic patients / Bedlack R. S. et al. // Neurology. 2003. — Vol. 60. — P. 1022−1024.

34. ApoE isoform affects LTP in human targeted replacement mice. / Trommer B. L. et al. // NeuroReport. 2004. — Vol. 15. — P. 2655−2658.

35. ApoE synthesis in human neuroblastoma cells / Dupont-Wallois L. et al. // Neurobiol Dis. 1997. — Vol. 4. — P. 356 -364.

36. Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 enhances amyloid p. peptide production in cultured neuronal cells: ApoE structure as a potential therapeutic target / Ye S. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2005.-Vol. 102,№ 51.-P. 18 700−18 705.

37. Apolipoprotein E 4 is associated with rapid progression of multiple sclerosis / Fazekas F. et al. // Neurology. 2001. — Vol. 57. — P. 853−857.

38. Apolipoprotein E affects the amount, form, and anatomical distribution of amyloid 6-peptide deposition in homozygous APPV717 °F transgenic / Irizarry M.C. et al. // Acta Neuropathol. 2000. — Vol. 100. — P. 451^*58.

39. Apolipoprotein E affects the CNS response to injury and the development of cerebral edema / Lynch J.R. et al. // Ann. Neurol. 2002. — Vol. 51. — P. 113 117.

40. Apolipoprotein E and cognitive performance / Raber J. et al. // Nature. -2000. Vol. 404(6776). — P. 352−354.

41. Apolipoprotein E and mimetic peptide initiate a calcium-dependent signaling response in macrophages / Misra Uma K. et al. // Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2001. — Vol. 70. — P. 677−683.

42. Apolipoprotein E associated with astrocytic glia of the central nervous system and with nonmyelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system / Boyles J.K. et al. // J. Clinlnvest. 1985. — Vol. 76, № 4. — P. 1501−1513.

43. Apolipoprotein E associates with beta amyloid peptide of Alzheimer’s disease to form novel monofibrils. Isoform apoE4 associates more efficiently than ароЕЗ / Sanan D.A. et al. // J. Clin. Invest. 1994. — Vol. 94. — P. 860−869.

44. Apolipoprotein E controls the risk and age at onset of Parkinson disease / Li Y.J. et al. // Neurology. 2004. — Vol. 62. — P. 2005;2009.

45. Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 and the risk of dementia with stroke. A population-based investigation / Slooter A.J. et al. // J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1997. — Vol. 277, № 10. -P. 818−821.

46. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and the risk of unfavorible outcome after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage / Tang J. et al. // Surg. Neurol. 2003. -Vol. 60, № 5.-P. 391−396.

47. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing / Jordan B.D. et al. // J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1997. — Vol. 278. — P. 136 140.

48. Apolipoprotein E expression by neurons surviving excitotoxic stress / Boschert U. et al. // Neurobiol. Dis. -1999. Vol. 6. — P. 508 -514.

49. Apolipoprotein E fragments present in Alzheimer’s disease brains induce neurofibrillary tangle-like intracellular inclusions in neurons / Huang Y. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2001. — Vol. 98. — P 8838−8843.

50. Apolipoprotein E genotipe and outcome in aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage / Leung C.H. et al. // Stroke. 2002. — Vol. 33. — P. 548−552.

51. Apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity in cerebral amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer’s disease and kuru plaque amyloid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease / Namba Y. et al.'// Brain Res. 1991. -Vol. 541(1). -P. 163−166.

52. Apolipoprotein E in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease: allelic variation and receptor interactions / Rebeck G.W. et al. // Neuron. 1993. — Vol. 11. -P. 575−580.

53. Apolipoprotein E inhibits neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury in mice / B. Zhu et al. //Am. J. Pathol. 2000. — Vol. 157. — P. 1839−1848.

54. Apolipoprotein E is essential for amyloid deposition in the APPV717 °F transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease / Bales K.R. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1999. — Vol. 96, № 26. — P. 15 233−15 238.

55. Apolipoprotein E is localized to the cytoplasm of human cortical neurons: A light and electron microscopic study / Han S.H. et al. // J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1994. — Vol. 53(5). — P. 535−544.

56. Apolipoprotein E isoform mediated regulation of nitric oxide release / Brown CM. et al. // Free Radic Biol Med. 2002. — Vol. 32, № 11. — P. 1071−1075.

57. Apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent amyloid deposition and neuritic degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease / Holtzman D.M. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000. -Vol. 97(6). — P. 2892−2897.

58. Apolipoprotein E isoform-specific differences in outcome from focal ischemia in transgenic mice / Sheng H. et al. // J. Cereb. Blood. Flow Metab. 1998. -Vol. 18.-P. 361−366.

59. Apolipoprotein E knock-out mice are highly susceptible to endotoxemia and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection / De Bont N. et al. // J. Lipid Res. 1999. -Vol. 40. — P. 680−685.

60. Apolipoprotein E modulates Alzheimer’s Abeta (l-42)-induced oxidative damage to synaptosomes in an allele-specific manner. / Lauderback C.M. et al. // Brain Res. 2002. — Vol. 924. — P. 90−97.

61. Apolipoprotein E modulates glial activation and the endogenous central nervous system inflammatory response / Lynch J.R. et al. // J. Neuroimmunol. -2001.-Vol. 114.-P. 107−113.

62. Apolipoprotein E mRNA is abundant in the brain and adrenals, as well as in the liver, and is present in other peripheral tissues of rats and marmosets / Elshourbagy N.A. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1985. — Vol. 82(1). — P. 203 207.

63. Apolipoprotein E protects against bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality / Van Oosten M. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. 2001. — Vol. 276. — P. 88 208 824.

64. Apolipoprotein E protects against NMDA excitotoxicity / Aono M. et al. // Neurobiol. Dis. 2002. — Vol. 11. — P. — 214−220.

65. Apolipoprotein E protects against oxidative stress in mixed neuronal-glial cell cultures by reducing glutamate toxicity / Lee Yoonki. et al. // Pearlstein Neurochemistry International. 2004. — Vol. 44. — P. 107−118.

66. Apolipoprotein E suppresses glial cell secretion of TNF alpha / Laskowitz D.T. et al. // J. Neuroimmunol. 1997. — Vol. 76. — P. 70−74.

67. Apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and cerebral glucose metabolism in relatives at risk for familial Alzheimer disease / Small G. W. et al. // J. Am. Med. Assoc. -1995. Vol. 273. — P. 942−947.

68. Apolipoprotein E, plaques, tangles and cholinergic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease / Beffert U. et al. //Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1996. -Vol. 777. — P. 166 174.

69. Apolipoprotein E. Diversity of cellular origins, structural and biophysical properties, and effects in Alzheimer’s disease / Huang Y. et al. // J. Mol. Neurosci. 2004. — Vol. 23(3). — P. 189- 204.

70. Apolipoprotein E: High-avidity binding to Вamyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease / Strittmatter W.J. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1993. -Vol. 90, № 5. — P. 1977;1981.

71. Apolipoprotein E4 forms a molten globule a potential basis for its association with disease / Morrow J.A. et al. //J. Biol. Chem. 2002. — Vol. 277. — P. 50 380−50 385.

72. Apolipoprotein E4 is probably responsible for the chromosome 19 linkage peak for Parkinson’s disease / Martinez M. et al. //Am. J. Med. Genet. 2005. -Vol. 136B.-P. 72−74.

73. Apolipoprotein E4 potentiates amyloid betta peptide-induced lysosomal leakage and apoptosis in neuronal cells / Ji Z.-S. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. 2002. -Vol. 277. -P. 21 821−21 828.

74. Apolipoprotein E4: A causative factor and herapeutic target in neuropathology, ncluding Alzheimer’s disease / Mahley Robert W. et al.-// NAS. 2006. — Vol. 103.-P.15.

75. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to focal cerebral ischemia / Laskowitz D.T. // J.Neuroimmunol. 1997. -Vol. 1−2. — P. 70−74.

76. Apolipoprotein E-derived peptides reduce CNS inflammation: implications for therapy of neurological disease / Laskowitz D.T. et al. // Acta Neurol. Scand. -2006. Vol. 114(Suppl. 185). — P. 15−20.

77. Apolipoprotein E-epsilon 2 and Alzheimer’s disease: Genotype influences pathologic phenotype / Lippa C.F. et al. // Neurology. 1997. — Vol. 48(2). -P. 515−519.

78. Apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 genotype predicts a poor outcome in survivors of traumatic brain injury / Friedman G. et al. // Neurology. 1999. — Vol. 52. -P. 244−248.

79. Apoprotein E suppresses phytohemagglutinin-activated phospholipid turnover in peripheral blood mononuclear cells / E. M. Avila et al. // J. Biol. Chem. -1982. Vol. 257. — P. 5900−5909.

80. Apoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid / Roheim P. S. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1979. — Vol. 76. — P. 4646−4649.

81. Association of apoE polymorphisms with disease severity in MS is limited to women / Kantarci O.H. et al. // Neurology. 2004. — Vol. 62(5). — P. 811−814.

82. Association of apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 with late-onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease / Saunders A.M. et al. // Neurology. 1993. -Vol. 43(8).-P. 1467−1472.

83. Association of apolipoprotein E polimorfismwith outcome after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary study / Niskakangas T. et al. // Stroke.-2001.-Vol. 32.-P. 1181−1184.

84. Association of polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E region with susceptibility to and progression of multiple sclerosis // Schmidt S. et al. // Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2002. — Vol. 70, № 3. — P. 708−717.

85. Astrocytes synthesize apolipoprotein E and metabolize apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins / Pitas R.E. et al. // Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1987. -Vol. 917(1).-P. 148−161.

86. Astrocytic apolipoprotein E mRNA and GFAP mRNA in hippocampus after entorhinal cortex lesioning / Poirier J. et al. // Brain Res. Mol. Brain. Res. -1991.-Vol. 11(2).-P. 97−106.

87. Astroglial regulation of apolipoprotein E expression in neuronal cells. Implications for Alzheimer’s disease / Harris F.M. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. -2004. Vol. 279(5). — P. 3862−3868.

88. Barger, S.W. Microglial activation by Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and modulation by apolipoprotein E / Barger S.W., Harmon A.D. // Nature. -1997.-Vol. 388.-P. 878−81.

89. Behavioral changes after focal cerebral ischemia by left middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats / Yamamoto M. et al. // Brain Res. 1988. — Vol. 452. — P. 323−328.

90. Behavioral phenotyping of GFAP-ароЕЗ andapoE4 transgenic mice: apoE4 mice show profound working memory impairments in the absence of Alzheimer’s-like neuropathology / Hartman R.E. et al. // Exp. Neurol. 2001. -Vol. 170.-P. 326−344.

91. Behavioral recovery patterns in rats receiving the NMDA receptor antagonist MDL 100.453 immediately post-stroke / Markgraf C. et al. // Pharm. Biochem. Behav. 1997. — Vol. 56. — P. 391−397.

92. Binding of human apolipoprotein E to synthetic amyloid В peptide: isoform-specific effects and implications for late-onset of Alzheimer disease /.

93. Strittmatter W. J. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1993. — Vol. 90. — P. 8098−8102.

94. Bock, H. H. Reelin activates SRC family tyrosine kinases in neurons / H. H. Bock, J. Herz. // Curr. Biol. 2003. — Vol. 13. — P. 18−26.

95. Bonita, R. Epidemiology of stroke / Bonita R. // Lancet. 1992. — Vol. 339. -P. 342 — 344.

96. Bonita, R. Stroke prevention: a global perspective / Bonita R. // Stroke prevention. New York, Oxford Univer. Press, 2001. — P. 259−274.

97. Busse, R. Induction of nitric oxide synthase by cytokines in vascular smooth muscle cells / Busse R., Mulsch A. // FEBS Lett. 1990. — Vol. 275. — P. 87−90.

98. Carboxyl-terminal-truncated apolipoprotein E4 causes Alzheimer’s disease-like neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits in transgenic mice / Harris F.M. et al. // Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. 2003. — Vol. 100. — P. 10 966−10 971.

99. Cardiac-specific overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase does not result in severe cardiac dysfunction / Heger J. et al. // Circ. Res. 2002. — Vol. 90.-P. 93−99.

100. Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of endothelin in the ventrolateral medulla of the normotensive rat / Mosqueda-Garcia R. et al. // Hypertension. -1995.-Vol. 26(2). -P. 263−71.

101. Cerebral metabolic and cognitive decline in persons at genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease / Small G. W. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2000. Vol. 97. P. 6037−6042.

102. Chamelian, L. Six-month recovery from mild to moderate traumatic brain injury: the role of APOE-4 allele / Chamelian L., Reis M., Feinstein A. // Brain.- 2004. Vol. 127. — P. 2621−2628.

103. Characterization of 125I.-PD164333, an ETA selective non-peptide radiolabeled antagonist, in normal and diseased human tissues/ Davenport A.P. [et al.] // Br.J.Pharmacol. 1998. — Vol. 123. — P. 223−230.

104. Cholesterol synthesis and lipoprotein reuptake during synaptic remodelling in hippocampus in adult rats / Poirier J. et al. // Neuroscience. 1993. — Vol. 55, № 1.-P. 81−90.

105. Chylomicrons alter the fate of endotoxin, decreasing tumor necrosis factor release and preventing death / Harris H.W. et al. // J. Clin. Invest. 1993. -Vol. 91.-P. 1028−1034.

106. Chylomicrons enhance endotoxin excretion in bile / Read Т. E. et al. //Infect. Immun. 1993. -Vol. 61. -P. 3496−3502.

107. Clinical Trials in head injury / Narayan R.K. et al. // J. of Neurotrauma. -2002.-Vol. 19.-P. 503−557.

108. Closed head injury — an inflammatory disease? / Schmidt O.I. et al. // Brain. Research. Rev. 2005. — Vol. 48. — P. 388−399.

109. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol / Mauch D.H. et al. // Science. 2001. — Vol. 294. — P. 1354−1357.

110. Cognitive and behavioral assessment in experimental stroke research: Will it prove useful? / DeVries A.C. et al. // Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2001. — Vol. 25.-P. 325−342.

111. Cognitive deficits after focal cerebral ischemia in mice / Hattori K. et al. // Stroke.-2000.-Vol. 31.-P. 1939;1944.

112. Correlation between motor impairment and infarct volume after permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat / Rogers D.C. et al. // Stroke. 1997. — Vol. 28. — P. 2060;2066.

113. Crossgrove, J.S. The choroid plexus removes J3 amyloid from brain cerebrospinal fluid / Crossgrove J.S., Li G.J., Zheng W. // Exp. Biol. Med. -2005. Vol. 230. — P. 771−776.

114. Croy, J.E. Two apolipoprotein E mimetic peptides, ApoE (l30−149) and ApoE (141−155)2, bind to LRP1 / Croy J.E., Brandon Т., Komives E.A. // Biochemistry. 2004. — Vol. 43. — P. 7328−7335.

115. Curtiss, L. K. Immunoregulatory plasma low density lipoprotein: the biologic activity and receptor-binding specificity is independent of neutral lipids / Curtiss L. K., Edgington T. S. // J. Immunol. 1981. — Vol. 126. — P. 1382−1386.

116. Czapiga, M. Microglial function in human APOE3 and APOE4 transgenic mice: altered arginine transport / Czapiga M., Colton C.A. // J. Neuroimmunol. -2003. Vol. 134, № 1−2. — P. 44−51.

117. Defective neuronal sprouting by human apolipoprotein E4 is a gain-ofnegative function / Teter B. et al. // J. Neurosci. Res. 2002. — Vol. 68, № 3. — P. 331 336.

118. Dekroon, R.M. Synthesis and processing of apolipoprotein E in human brain cultures / Dekroon RM, Armati PJ // Glia. 2001. — Vol. 33. — P. 298 -305.

119. Delayed treatment of ischemia/reperfusion brain injury extended therapeutic window with the proteosome inhibitor MLN519 / Williams Anthony J. et al. // Stroke. 2004. — Vol. 35. — P. 1186−1191.

120. Delayed treatment with an adenosine kinase inhibitor GP683 attenuates infarct size in rats with temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion / Tatlisumak T. et al. // Stroke. 1998. — Vol. 29. — P. 1952;1959.

121. Dietschy, J. M. Turley Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal / Dietschy John M., Stephen D. Turley//J. of Lipid Research. -2004. Vol. 45. — P. 1351−1397.

122. Differences in stability among the human apolipoprotein E isoforms determined by the amino-terminal domain / Morrow J.A. et al. // Biochemistry. -2000.-Vol. 39, № 38.-P. 11 657−11 666.

123. Differential effects of apolipoproteins E3 and E4 on neuronal growth in vitro / Nathan B.P. et al. // Science. 1994. — Vol. 264, № 5160. — P. 850−852.

124. Differential effects of natriuretic peptides and NO on LV function in heart failure and normal dogs / Hart C.Y. et al. // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2001. — Vol. 281. — P. H146-H154.

125. Differential regulation of astrocytic mRNAs in the rat striatum after lesions of the cortex or substantia nigra / Schauwecker P.E. et al. // Exp. Neurol. 1998. -Vol. 149, № 1.-P. 87−96.

126. Diffuse Optical Tomography of Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxygenation, and Metabolism in Rat During Focal Ischemia / Culver Joseph P. et al., // J. of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 2003. -Vol. 23. — P. 911−924.

127. Direct binding of Reelin to VLDL receptor and ApoE receptor 2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of disabled-1 and modulates tau phosphorylation / T. Hiesberger. et al. // Neuron. 1999. — Vol. 24. — P. 481−489.

128. Disabled-like disruption of neuronal migration in knockout mice lacking the VLDL receptor and E receptor 2 / M. Trommsdorff et al. // Cell. 1999. — Vol. 97.-P. 689−701.

129. Dominant negative effects of apolipoprotein E4 revealed in transgenic models of neurodegenerative disease / Buttini M. et al. // Neuroscience. 2000. — Vol. 97(2).-P. 207−210.

130. Dong, L-M. Human apolipoprotein E4 domain interaction. Arginine 61 and glutamic acid 255 interact to direct the preference for very low densitylipoproteins / Dong L-M, Weisgraber K.H. // J. Biol. Chem. 1996. — Vol. 271., № 32.-P. 19 053−19 057.

131. Downregulation of microglial activation by apolipoprotein E and apoE-mimetic peptides / Laskowitz D.T. et al. // Exp.Neurol. 2001. — Vol. 167. — P. 74−85.

132. Duplicated downstream enhancers control expression of the human apolipoprotein E gene in macrophages and adipose tissue / Shih S.J. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. 2000. -Vol. 275, № 41. — P. 31 567−31 572.

133. E. Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy in rats / Zea Longa E. et al. // Stroke. 1989. — Vol. 20. — P. 84−91.

134. Effect of overexpression of very low density lipoprotein receptor on cell growth / Yoko Wada et al. // Heart and Vessels. 2000. — Vol. 15. — P. 74−80.

135. Effects of a new thyrotropin-releasing hormone derivative on behavioral changes after focal cerebral ischemia in rats / Yamamoto M. et al. // Stroke. -1989. Vol. 20. — P. 362−366.

136. Effects of apolipoprotein E, very low density lipoproteins, and cholesterol on the extension of neurites by rabbit dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro / Handelmann G.E. et al. // J. Lipid. Res. 1992. — Vol. 33, № 11. — P. 16 771 688.

137. Endogenous apolipoprotein E suppresses LPS-stimulated microglial nitric oxide production / Laskowitz D.T. et al. // Neuroreport. 1998. — Vol. 9. — P. 615−618.

138. Evidence for a second alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor / Misra U.K. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. 1994. — Vol. 269. -P. 18 303−18 306.

139. Evidence for cytokine-inducible nitric oxide synthesis from L-arginine in patients receiving interleukin-2 therapy / Hibbs J.D. et al. // J.Clin.Invest. -1992.-Vol. 89. -P. 867−877.

140. Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema. 1. A new experimental model of cerebral embolism in rats in which recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area / Koizumi J. et al. // Jpn. J. Stroke. 1986. — Vol. 8. — P. 1−8.

141. Expression of apolipoprotein E by cultured vascular smooth muscle cells is controlled by growth state / Majack R.A. et al. // J. Cell. Biol. 1988. — Vol. 107.-P. 1207−1213.

142. Expression of apolipoprotein E during nerve degeneration and regeneration / Ignatius M.J. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1986. — Vol. 83, № 4. — P. 1125−1129.

143. Expression of apolipoprotein E in normal and diverse neurodegenerative disease brain / Bao F. et al. // NeuroReport. 1996. — Vol. 7. — P. 1733−1739.

144. Expression of human apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the brains of apoE-/- mice: Isoform-specific effects on neurodegeneration // Buttini M. et al. // J. Neurosci. 1999. -Vol. 19, № 12. — P. 4867−4880.

145. Expression of the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL-r), an apoprotein-E receptor, in the central nervous system and in Alzheimer’s disease / Christie, R.H. et al. // J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1996. — Vol. 55. — P. 491 498.

146. Expression of the VLDL receptor in endotelial cells / Wyne K.L. et al. // Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 1996. — Vol. 16. — P. 407−415.

147. Factors governing helical preference of peptides containing multiple alpha, alpha-dialkyl amino acids. / Marshall G.R. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.- 1990.-Vol. 87.-P. 487−91.

148. FHJT influences vasospasm and cognition on noncomatose patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage / Lanterna L.A. et al. // Neurology. 2005. — Vol. 64.-P. 1238−1244.

149. Filament size influences temperature changes and brain damage following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats / Hajnalka Abraham, et al. // Exp. Brain. Res. -2002. Vol. 142. — P. 131−138.

150. Focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat: Description of technique and early neuropathological consequences following middle cerebral artery occlusion / Tamura A. et al. // J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 1981. — Vol. 1. — P. 53−60.

151. Functional assessments in mice and rats after focal stroke I Hunter A.J. et al. //Neuropharmacology. 2000. — Vol. 39. — P. 806−816.

152. Functional brain abnormalities in young adults at genetic risk for late-onset al. Jzheimer's dementia / Reiman E.M. [et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. -2004. Vol. 101. -P. 284−289.

153. Functions of lipoprotein receptors in neurons / Beffert U. et al. // J. of Lipid Research. 2004. — Vol. 45. — P. 403−409.

154. Fyn tyrosine kinase is a critical regulator of Disabled-1 during brain development / L. Arnaud et al. // Curr. Biol. 2003. — Vol. 13. — P. 9−17.

155. Garcia, J.H. Experimental ischemic stroke: a review / Garcia J.H. // Stroke. -1984.-Vol. 15.-P. 5−14.

156. Gender-linked brain injury in experimental stroke / Alkayed N.J. et al. // Stroke. 1998. — Vol. 29. — P. 159−166.

157. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in late onset families / Corder E.H. et al. // Science. 1993. — Vol. 261, № 5123.-P. 921−923.

158. Generation of mice carrying a mutant apolipoprotein E gene inactivated by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells / Piedrahita J.A. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1992. — Vol. 89. -P. 4471−4475.

159. Genetic modulation of tau phosphorylation in the mouse / J. Brich. et al. // J. Neurosci. 2003. — Vol. 23. -P. 187−192.

160. Genetics of the apolipoprotein E system in man / Utermann G. et al. // Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1980. — Vol. 32, № 3. — P. 339−347.

161. GFAP-apoE transgenic mice: astrocyte specific expression and differing biological effects of astrocyte-secreted ароЕЗ and apoE4 lipoproteins / Sun Y. et al. // J. Neurosci. Vol. 18. — P. 3261−3272.

162. Ginsberg, M.D. Combating hyperthermia in acute stroke: a significant clinical concern / Ginsberg M.D., Busto R. // Stroke. 1998. — Vol. 29. — P. 529−534.

163. Ginsberg, M.D. Small animal models of global and focal cerebral ischemia / Ginsberg M.D., Busto R. // Cerebrovascular Disease Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Maiden, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1998.-P. 14−35.

164. Giora, Z. Animal models of stroke / Giora Z., Feuerstein and Xinkang W. // Molecular Medicine Today. 2000. — Vol. 6 — P. 133−135.

165. Glial gene expression during aging in rat striatum and in long-term responses to 6-OHDA lesions / Pasinetti G.M. et al. // Synapse. 1999. -Vol. 31, № 4. -P. 278−284.

166. Glial-neuronal interactions in Alzheimer’s disease: the potential role of a «cytokine cycle» in disease progression / Griffin W. S. T. et al. // Brain Pathol. 1998.-Vol. 8.-P. 65−72.

167. Grabowski, M. Paw-reaching, sensorimotor, and rotational behavior after brain infarction in rats / Grabowski M., Brundin P., Johansson B. // Stroke. 1993. -Vol. 24. — P. 889−895.

168. Grehan, S. Two distal downstream enhancers direct expression of the human apolipoprotein E gene to astrocytes in the brain / Grehan S., Tse E., Taylor J. M: // J. Neurosci. 2001. — Vol. 21, № 3. — P. 812−822.

169. Guo, L. A dual role for apolipoprotein E in neuroinflammation: antiand proinflammatory activity / Guo L., LaDu M.J., Van Eldik L.J. // J. Mol. Neurosci. -2004. Vol. 23, № 3. — P. 205−212.

170. Harris, H. W. Chylomicrons alter the hepatic distribution and cellular response to endotoxin in rats / Harris H. W., Rockey D. C., Chau P. // Hepatology.1998. Vol. 27.-P. 1341−1348.

171. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2006 Update A Report From the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee / Thomas Thorn, et al. // Circulation. 2006. — Vol. 113. — P. 85−151.

172. Hemodynamic changes in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice / Hartley Craig J. et al. // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2000. — Vol. 279. — P. H2326-H2334.

173. Henkey, G. Treatment and secondary prevention of stroke: Evidence, costs, and effects on individuals and populations / Henkey G., Warlow C. // Lancet.1999. Vol. 354. — P. 1457−1463.

174. Hoit, D. Two Faces of Nitric Oxide Lessons Learned From the NOS2 Knockout Brian / Hoit D. // Circ. Res. 2001. — Vol. 89. — P. 289−291.

175. Hossmann, K.A. Experimental models for the investigation of brain ischemia / Hossmann K.A. // Cardiovasc. Res. 1998. — Vol. 39. — P. 106−120.

176. Hossmann, K-A. Animal models of cerebral ischemia. I. Review of literature / Hossmann K-A. // Cerebrovasc. Dis. -1991. Vol. 1. — P. 2−15.

177. Hu, J. Apolipoprotein E attenuates beta-amyloid-induced astrocyte activation / Hu J., LaDu M.J., Van Eldik L.J. // J. Neurochem. 1998. — Vol. 71. — P. 16 261 634.

178. Huang, Y. Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease / Huang Y. // Neurology. -2006. Vol. 66(Suppl 1). — P. S79-S85.

179. Huang, Y. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of apolipoprotein E4 neurotoxicity and potential therapeutic strategies / HuangYadong // Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development. 2006. — Vol. 9, № 5. — P. 627 641.

180. Hui, D. Y. Immunoregulatory plasma lipoproteins: role of apoprotein E and apoprotein В / Hui, D. Y., Harmony, T. L., Innerarity, R. W. // J. Biol. Chem. -1980.-Vol. 255.-P. 11 775−11 781.

181. Human apolipoprotein E receptor 2. A novel lipoprotein receptor of the low density lipoprotein receptor family predominantly expressed in brain / Kim D.-H. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. 1996. — Vol. 271. — P. 8373- 8380.

182. Human apolipoprotein E. Role of arginine 61 in mediating the lipoprotein preferences of the E3 and E4 isoforms / Dong L.M. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. -1994. Vol. 269, № 35. — P. 22 358−22 365.

183. Human apolipoprotein E2, E3, and E4 isoform-specific transgenic mice: human-like pattern of glial and neuronal immunoreactivity in central nervous system not observed in wild-type mice / Xu P-T. et al. // Neurobiol. Dis. -1996.-Vol.3.-P. 229−245.

184. Human neural stem cell transplantation reduces spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in adult rats / Chua Kon. et al. // Brain Research. 2004. — Vol. 1023. — P. 213- 221.

185. Impairment of the blood-nerve and bloodbrain barriers in apolipoprotein E knockout mice / Fullerton S.M. et al. // Exp. Neurol. 2001. — Vol. 169. — P. 13−22.

186. Inapparent hemodynamic exacerbates ischemic damage in a rat microembolic stroke model / Omae T. et al. // Stroke. 2000. — Vol. 32. — P. 2494−2499.

187. Increased aortic stiffness by pulse wave velocity in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice / Wang Y.X. et al. // Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 2000. — Vol. 278. -P. H428-H434.

188. Increased expression of neuronal apolipoprotein E in human brain with cerebral infarction / Aoki K. et al. // Stroke. 2003. — Vol. 34. — P. 875- 880.

189. Increased neuronal damage and apoE immunoreactivity in human apolipoprotein E, E4 isoform-specific, transgenic mice after global cerebral iscaemia / Horsburgh K. et al. // Eur. J. Neurosci. 2000. — Vol. 12. — P. 4309−4317.

190. Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity by cytokines in ventricular myocytes is necessary but not sufficient to decrease contractile responsiveness to b-adrenergic agonists / Ungureanu-Longrois D. et al. // Circ. Res. 1995. — Vol. 77.-P. 494−502.

191. Influence of apolipoprotein E genotype on neuronal damage and ApoE immunoreactivity in human hippocampus following global ischemia / Horsburgh K. et al. // J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1999. — Vol. 58. — P. 227−234.

192. Infusion of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells in a Rat Model of Stroke Dose-Dependently Rescues Behavioral Deficits and Reduces Infarct Volume / Vendrame Martina et al. // Stroke. 2004. — Vol. 35. — P. 2390−2395.

193. Inhibition of Factor IX (a) Is Protective in a Rat Model of Thromboembolic Stroke / Toomey John R. et al. // Stroke. 2002. — Vol. 33. — P. 578−585.

194. Intrathecal administration of a novel apoE-derived therapeutic peptide improves outcome following perinatal hypoxic-ischemic injury / McAdoo J.D. et al. // Neurosci. Lett. 2005. — Vol. 381. -P. 305−308.

195. Ischemic penumbra in a model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat / Memezawa H. et al. // Exp. Brain. Res. 1992. — Vol. 89. -P. 67−78.

196. Isoform-specific binding of apolipoprotein E to beta-amyloid / LaDu M.J. et al. I I J. Biol. Chem. 1994. — Vol. 269. — P. 23 403−23 406.

197. Isoform-specific effects of apolipoproteins E2, E3, and E4 on cerebral capillary sequestration and bloodbrain barrier transport of circulating Alzheimer’s amyloid p / Martel C.L. et al. // J. Neurochem. 1997. — Vol. 69. — P. 19 952 004.

198. Isoform-specific effects of human apolipoprotein E on brain function revealed in apoE knockout mice: Increased susceptibility of females / Raber J. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1998. — Vol. 95, № 18. — P. 10 914−10 919.

199. Kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF17 and mLin-10 in NMDA receptor-containing vesicle transport / M. Setou. et al. // Science. 2000. — Vol. 288. -P. 1796−1802.

200. Klapdor, K. Repeated acquisition of a spatial navigation task in mice: effects of spacing of trials and of unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion / Klapdor K., Van Der Staay F. // Physiol. Behav. 1998. — Vol. 63. — P. 903−909.

201. Koehler, R.C. Large animal models of focal and global ischemia / Koehler R.C. // Cerebrovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Maiden, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1998. P. 36−51.

202. Ladu, M. J. Lipoproteins in the Central Nervous System / Ladu Mary Jo. et al. // Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2000. — Vol. 903. — P. 167−175.

203. LeBlanc, A.C. Regulation of apolipoprotein E gene expression after injury of the rat sciatic nerve / LeBlanc A.C., Poduslo J.F. // J. Neurosci. Res. 1990. -Vol. 25, № 2.-P. 162−171.

204. Lee, V.M. Neurodegenerative tauopathies / V. M. Lee, M. Goedert, J. Q. Trojanowski // Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001. — Vol. 24. — P. 1121−1159.

205. Li, D.P. Intracarotid injection of endothelin-1 facilitates the activity of rostral ventrolateral medullary neurons via area postrema in rats / Li D.P., He R.R. // Sheng Li Xue Bao. 1999. — Vol. 51, № 3. — P. 263−71.

206. Lipidand receptor-binding regions of apolipoprotein E4 fragments act in concert to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and neurotoxicity /Chang S. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2005. -Vol. 102. -P. 18 694−18 699.

207. Lipoprotein uptake by neuronal growth cones in vitro / Ignatius M.J. et al. // Science. 1987. — Vol. 236, №> 4804. — P. 959−962.

208. Long-lasting neuroprotective effect of postischemic hypothermia and treatment with an anti-inflammatory/antipyretic Evidence for chronic encephalopathic processes following ischemia / Coimbra, C. et al.-// Stroke. 1996. — Vol. 27. -P. 1578−1585.

209. Long-term beneficial effects of BW619C89 on neurological deficit, cognitive deficit and brain damage after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat / Smith S.E. et al. //Neuroscience. 1997. — Vol. 77. — P. 1123−1135.

210. Long-term functionalend points following middle cerebral artery occlussion in the rat / Hudzik T. et al. //Pharm. Biochem. Beh. 2000. — Vol. 65. — P. 553 562.

211. Louko, A-M. ApoE genotype and cognition after subarachnoid haemorrhage: a longitudinal study / Louko A-M., Vilkki J., Niskakangas T. // Acta Neurol. Scand.-2006.-Vol. 114.-P. 315−319.

212. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mediates apolipoprotein E-dependent neurite outgrowth in a central nervous system-derived neuronal cellline / Holtzman D.M. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1995. — Vol. 92, № 21.-P. 9480−9484.

213. Mahley, R.W. Apolipoprotein E: Cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology / Mahley R.W. // Science. 1988. -Vol. 240, № 4852. — P. 622−630.

214. Mahley, R.W. Apolipoprotein E: From atherosclerosis to Alzheimer’s disease and beyond / Mahley R.W., Huang Y. // Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 1999. -Vol. 10, № 3.-P. 207−217.

215. Mahley, R.W. Apolipoprotein E4: A causative factor and therapeutic target in neuropathology, including Alzheimer’s disease / Mahley R.W., Weisgraber K.H., Huang Y. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2006. — Vol. 103, № 15. — P. 56 445 651.

216. Mahley, R.W. Remnant lipoprotein metabolism: Key pathways involving cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and apolipoprotein E / Mahley R.W., Ji Z-S.//J. Lipid. Res.-1999.-Vol. 40, № l.-P. 1−16.

217. McCarron, M. О. APOE genotype as a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease / McCarron M. O., Delong D., Alberts M. J. // Neurology. 1999. — Vol. 53.-P. 1308−1311.

218. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the hypertensive and normotensive rat: a study of histopathology and behaviour / Grabowski M. et al. // J. Hyperten. -1988. -Vol. 6. -P. 405−411.

219. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat by intraluminal suture. Neurological and pathological evaluation of an improved model / Belayev L. et al. // Stroke. 1996.-Vol. 27.-P. 1616−1622.

220. Miyata, M. Apolipoprotein E allele-specific antioxidant activity and effects on cytotoxicity by oxidative insults and beta amyloid peptides / Miyata M., Smith J.D. //Nat. Genet. 1996. — Vol. 14. — P. 55−61.

221. Modulation of mouse cardiac function in vivo by eNOS and ANP / Gyurko R. et al. // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2000. — Vol. 278. — P. H971-H981.

222. Moir, R.D. LRP-mediated clearance of Ap is inhibited by KPI-containing isoforms of APP / Moir R.D., Tanzi R.E. // Curr. Alzheimer. Res. 2005. — Vol. 2.-P. 269−273.

223. Moore, Z. W. Q. Apolipoprotein E inhibition of vascular hyperplasia and neointima formation requires inducible nitric oxide synthase / Moore Zachary W.Q., David Y. Hui // J. Lipid Res. 2005. -Vol. 46. -P. 2083;2090.

224. Motor and cognitive deficits in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice after closed head injury / Chen Y. et al. // Neuroscience. 1997. — Vol. 80, № 4. — P. 12 551 262.

225. Mouse model of microembolic stroke and reperfusion / Atochin D.N. et al. // Stroke. 2004. — Vol. 35. — P. 2177−2182.

226. Mrak, R. E. Interleukin-1, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer’s disease / Mrak R.E., Griffin W. S. T. // Neurobiol. 2001. — Vol. 22. — P. 903−908.

227. Mukherjee, A. Lipid-dependent recruitment of neuronal Src to lipid rafts in the brain / A. Mukherjee, L. Arnaud, J. A. Cooper.// J. Biol. Chem. 2003. -Vol. 278.-P. 40 806−40 814.

228. Nascent astroctye particles differ from lipoproteins in CSF / LaDu, M.J. et al. // J. Neurochem. 1998. — Vol. 70. — P. 2070;2081.

229. Neurodegeneration in the central nervous system of apoE-deficient mice / Masliah E. et al. // Exp. Neurol. 1995. — Vol. 136, № 2. — P. 107−122.

230. Neurological and behavioral outcomes of focal cerebral ischemia in rats / Wahl F. et al. // Stroke. 1992. — Vol. 23. — P. 267−272.

231. Neuronal position in the developing brain is regulated by mouse disabled- 1 / B. W. Howell, et al.,//Nature. 1997. — Vol. 389. — P. 733−737.

232. Neuronal specific regulatory elements in apolipoprotein E gene proximal promoter / Ramos M.C. et al. // NeuroReport. 2005. — Vol. 16, № 9. — P. 1027−1030.

233. Neurons of the human frontal cortex display apolipoprotein E immunoreactivity: implications for Alzheimer’s disease / Metzger R.E. et al. // J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 1996. -Vol. 55. — P. 372−380.

234. Neuropathological changes in scrapie and Alzheimer’s disease are associated with increased expression of apolipoprotein E and cathepsin D in astrocytes / Diedrich J.F. et al. // J. Virol. 1991. — Vol. 65. — P. 4759−4768.

235. Neuropathological endpoints in experimental stroke pharmacotherapy: the importance of both early and late evaluation / Valtyssow J. et al. // Acta Neurochir. 1994. — Vol. 129. — P. 58−63.

236. Neurotoxicity of the 22 kDa thrombin-cleavage fragment of apolipoprotein E and related synthetic peptides is receptor-mediated / Tolar M. et al. // J. Neurosci. 1997. -Vol. 17. -P. 5678−5686.

237. Nicoll, J.A. Amyloid |3-protein, apoE genotype and head injury / Nicoll J.A., Roberts G.W., Graham D.I. //Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1996. — Vol. 777. — P. 271 275.

238. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite exert distinct effects on mitochondrial respiration which are differentially blocked by glutathione or glucose / Lizasoain I. et al. // Biochem. J. 1996. -Vol. 314. — P. 877- 880.

239. Nitric oxide inhibits the positive inotropic response to b-adrenergic stimulation in humans with left ventricular dysfunction / Hare J.M. et al. // Circulation. -1995. Vol. 92. — P. 2198 -2203.

240. Olton, D.S. Remembrance of places passed: Spatial memory in rats / Olton D.S., Samuelson R.J.// J. Exp. Psych.: An. Behav. Process. 1976. — Vol. 2 — P. 97−116.

241. Oxidative protein damage in cells engaged in beta.-amyloidosis is related to apoE genotype / Mazur-Kolecka B. [et al.] // NeuroReport. 2002. — Vol. 13. -P. 465−468.

242. Parkinson’s Disease and Apolipoprotein E: Possible Association with Dementia but not Age at Onset / Parsian A. et al. // Genomics. 2002. — Vol. 79. — P. 458−461.

243. Pepe, M. G. Apolipoprotein E is a biologically active constituent of the normal immunoregulatory lipoprotein, LDL-In / Pepe M. G., Curtiss L. K. // J. Immunol. 1986. — Vol. 136. — P. 3716−3723.

244. Pepper, C.B. Nitric oxide: from laboratory to bedside / Pepper C.B., Shah A.M. // Spectrum. Int. 1996. — Vol.36, № 2. -P. 20−23.

245. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptoragonist reduces infarct size in transient but not in permanent ischemia / Shimazu Tomokazu et al. // Stroke. -2005.-Vol. 36.-P. 353−359.

246. Phenotypes of apolipoprotein В and apolipoprotein E after liver transplantation / M. Linton, et al. // J. Clin. Invest. 1991. — Vol. 81. — P. 270−281.

247. Predictors of cognitive decline after cardiac operation / Newman M.F. et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1995. -Vol. 59. — P. 1326−1330.

248. Preliminary report of a genetic basis for cognitive decline after cardiac operations / Tardiff В. E. et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1997. — Vol. 64. — P. 715−720.

249. PROACT II: recombinant prourokinase (r-ProUK) in acute cerebral thromboembolism: initial trial results / Furlan A.J. et al. // Stroke. 1999. -Vol. 30.-P. 234.

250. Profile and regulation of apolipoprotein (apo) E expression in central nervous system in mice with targeting of green flourescent protein gene to the apoE locus / Xu Q. et al. // J. Neurosci. 2006. — Vol. 26, № 19. — P. 4985−4994.

251. Protective effect of apolipoprotein E against ischemic neuronal injury is mediated through antioxidant action / Kitagawa Kazuo. et al. // Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2002. — Vol. 68. — P. 226−232.

252. Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset al. zheimer disease / Corder E.H. [et al.] // Nat. Genet. 1994. -Vol. 7, № 2. — P. 180−184.

253. Protective effect of apolipoprotein E-mimetic peptides on N-methyl-Daspartate excitotoxicity in primary rat neuronal-glial cell cultures / Aono M. et al. // Neuroscience. 2003. — Vol. 116. — P. 437−45.

254. Purification of apolipoprotein E attenuates isoform-specific binding to? amyloid / LaDu M.J. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. 1995. — Vol. 270, № 16. — P. 9039−9042.

255. Quantitative measurement of motor and somatosensory impairments after mild (30 min) and severe (2 h) transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats / Zhang L. et al. //J. Neuro. Sci. 2000. — Vol. 174. — P. 141−146.

256. Rabbit very low density lipoprotein receptor: A low density lipoprotein receptor-like protein with distinct ligand specifity / Takahashi S. et al. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1992. — Vol. 89. — P. 9252−9256.

257. Rail, S.C. Jr. Human apolipoprotein E. The complete amino acid sequence / Rail S.C. Jr., Weisgraber K.H., Mahley R.W. // J. Biol. Chem. 1982. — Vol. 257, № 8.-P. 4171−4178.

258. Rail, S.C. Jr. Structural basis for receptor binding heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E from type III hyperlipoproteinemic subjects / Rail S.C. Jr. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1982. — Vol. 79, № 15. — P. 4696−4700.

259. Recommendations for standards regarding preclinical neuroprotective and restorative drug development stroke therapy academic industry roundtable (STAIR) // Stroke. 1999. — Vol. 30. — P. 2752−2758.

260. Reddick, R.L. Atherosclerosis in mice lacking ApoE: evaluation of lesional development and progression / Reddick R.L., Zhang S.H., Maeda N. // Arterioscler. Thromb. 1994. — Vol. 14. — P 141−147,.

261. Regionally specific neuronal expression of human apoE gene in transgenic mice / Xu P.T. et al. // Neurosci. Lett. 1998. — Vol. 246, № 2. — P. 65−68.

262. Reidy, M. A. Factors controlling smooth muscle cell proliferation / Reidy M. A. // Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1992. — Vol. 116. -P. 1276−1280.

263. Remnant lipoprotein particles are taken up into myocardium throuth VLDL receptor. A possible mechanism for cardiac fatty acid metabolism / Kamataki A. et al. // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002. — Vol. 293. — P. 1007−1013.

264. Reynolds, I. J. Mitochondrial stop and go: signals that regulate organelle movement / Reynolds I. J., Rintoul G. L. // Sci. STKE. 2004. — Vol. 251. — P. 46.

265. Robinson R. Differential behavioral and biochemical effects of rightand left hemispheric cerebral infarction in the rat / Robinson R. // Science. 1979. -Vol. 205.-P. 707−710.

266. Roselaar, S. E. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice have impaired innate immune responses to Listeria monocytogenes in vivo / Roselaar S. E., Daugherty A. // J. Lipid Res. 1998. — Vol. 39. — P. 740−743.

267. Roses, A.D. Apolipoprotein E, a gene with complex biological interactions in the aging brain / Roses A.D. // Neurobiol. Dis. 1997. — Vol. 4, № 3−4. — P. 170−185.

268. Schwartz, S. M. Smooth muscle migration in atherosclerosis and restenosis / Schwartz, S. M. // J. Clin. Invest. 1997. — Vol. 11 (Suppl.). — P. 87−89.

269. Sensorimotor and cognitive consequences of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats / Markgraf C. et al. // Brain. Res. 1992. — Vol. 575. — P. 238−246.

270. Serot, J.-M. Choroid plexus, aging of the brain, and Alzheimer’s disease / Serot J-M., Bene' M-C., Faure G.C. // Front. Biosci. 2003. -Vol. 8. — P. 515 521.

271. Shinoda, M. Pharmacological studies of a novel prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor, JTP-4819, in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion / Shinoda M., Matsuo A., Toide K. // Eur. J. Pharm. 1996. — Vol. 305. — P. 31−38.

272. Sialylated human apolipoprotein E (apoEs) is preferentially associated with neuron-enriched cultures from APOE transgenic mice / Xu P-T. et al. // Neurobiol. Dis. 1999. — Vol. 6. — P. 63−75.

273. Skene, J.H. Denervated sheath cells secrete a new protein after nerve injury / Skene J.H., Shooter .EM. // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1983. — Vol. 80, № 13.-P. 4169−4173.

274. Spatial cognitive performance after chronic focal cerebral ischemia in rats / Yonemori F. et al. // J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. 1999. — Vol. 19. — P. 483 494.

275. Specific regional transcription of apolipoprotein E in human brain neurons / Xu P-T. et al. // Am. J. Pathol. 1999. — Vol. 154. — P. 601- 611.

276. Stable expression and secretion of apolipoproteins E3 and E4 in mouse neuroblastoma cells produces differential effects on neurite outgrowth / Bellosta S. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. -1995. Vol. 270. — P. 27 063−27 071.

277. Stimulation of the nitric oxide synthase pathway in human hepatocytes by cytokines and endotoxin / Nussler A.K. et al. // J.Exp.Med. 1992. — Vol. 176. -P. 261−264.

278. Striatal dopamine-mediated motor behavior is altered following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery/ Borlongan C.V. et al. // Pharm. Biochem. Beh. -1995.-Vol. 52.-P. 225−229.

279. Stroemer, R.P. Enhanced neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis, and behavioral recovery with Damphetamine therapy after neocortical infarction in rats / Stroemer R.P., Kent T.A., Hulsebosch C.E. // Stroke. 1998. — Vol. 29. -P. 2193−2381.

280. Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human very low density lipoprotein receptor gene / Sakai J. et al. // J. Biol. Chem. 1994. — Vol. 269. -P. 2173−2182.

281. Swertfeger, D. K. Apolipoprotein E receptor binding versus heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding in its regulation of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation / Swertfeger D. K., Hui D. Y.// J. Biol. Chem. 2001. — Vol. 276. -P. 25 043−25 048.

282. Swertfeger, D. K. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mediates apolipoprotein E inhibition of smooth muscle cell migration / D. Swertfeger, K., G. Bu, D. Y. Hui // J. Biol. Chem. 2002. — Vol. 277. -P. 4141−4146.

283. Synergistic effects of citicoline and MK-801 in temporary experimental focal ischemia / Onal M.Z. et al. // Stroke. 1997. — Vol. 28. — P. 1060−1065.

284. Synthesis and regulation of apolipoprotein E during the differentiation of human neuronal precursor NT2/D1 cells into postmitotic neurons / Ferreira S. et al. // Exp. Neurol. 2000. — Vol. 166. — P. 415- 421.

285. Synthesis of apolipoprotein E (apoE) mRNA by human neuronal-type SK N SH-SY 5Y cells and its regulation by nerve growth factor and apoE / Soulie C. et al. // Neurosci. Lett. 1999. -Vol. 265, № 2. — P. 147−150.

286. Takizawa, S. Animal models of cerebral ischemia. Rat models / Takizawa S., Hakim A.M. // Cerebrovasc. Dis. 1991. — Vol. 1. — P. 16−21.

287. Taylor, J. P. Toxic proteins in neurodegenerative disease / Taylor J. P., Hardy J., Fischbeck К. H. / Science. 2002. — Vol. 296. — P. 1991;1995.

288. Teasdale, G. M. The association between APOE 4, age and outcome after head injury: a prospective cohort study / Teasdale G. M. et al. // Lancet. 1997. -Vol. 350.-P. 1069−1071.

289. The apoE-epsilon 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer disease among African Americans, whites, and Hispanics / Tang M.X. et al. // J. Am. Med. Assoc. -1998.-Vol. 279, № 10. -P. 751−755.

290. The apolipoprotein multigene family: biosynthesis, structure, structure-function relationships, and evolution / Li, W-H. et al. // J. Lipid Res. 1988. -Vol. 29. P. 245−271.

291. The influence of fpolipoprotein E genotipe on outcome after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary study / Dunn L.T. et al. // Neurosurgery. 2001. — Vol. 48. — P. 1006−1010.

292. The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), a multifunctional apoE receptor, modulates hippocampal neurite development / Narita M. et al. // J. Neurochem. 1997. — Vol. 68. — P. 587−595.

293. The national institute of neurological disorders, and stroke rt-PA study group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N. Engl. J. Med. -1995. — Vol. 333. — P. 1581−1587.

294. The very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor a peripheral lipoprotein receptor for remnant lipoproteins into fatty acid active tissues / Takahashi Sadao et al. // Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. — 2003. — Vol. 248, № 1−2. — P. 121−127.

295. The very low-density lipoprotein receptor: Characterisation and functions as a peripheral lipoprotein receptor / Takahashi Sadao et al. // J. of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 2004. — Vol. 11, № 4. — P. 200−209.

296. The World Health Report, 1999. World Health Organisation (WHO). -Geneva. 1999. 119 p.

297. Tolias, C.M. Critical appraisal of neuroprotection trials in head injury: what have we learned? / Tolias C.M., Bullock M.R. // Neuro.Rx. 2004. — Vol. 1. — P. 71−79.

298. Transient focal cerebral ischemia induces sensorimotor deficits in mice / Gerlai R. et al. // Behav. Brain. Res. 2000. — Vol. 108. — P. 63−71.

299. Truncated apolipoprotein E (apoE) causes increased intracellular calcium and may mediate ApoE neurotoxicity. T / Tolar M. et al. // J. Neurosci. 1999. -Vol. 19.-P. 7100−7110.

300. Utermann, G. Genetic control of human apolipoprotein E polymorphism: Comparison of oneand twodimensional techniques of isoprotein analysis / Utermann G., Steinmetz A., Weber W. // Hum. Genet. 1982. — Vol. 60, № 4. -P. 344−351.

301. Vascular apolipoprotein E expression and recruitment from circulation to modulate smooth muscle cell response to endothelial denudation / Z. W. Q. Moore et al. // Am. J. Pathol. 2004. — Vol. 164. -P. 2109−2116.

302. Vascular injury, repair, and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the atherosclerotic rabbit / R. L. Wilensky et al. // Circulation. -1995. Vol. 92. — P. 2995−3005.

303. Vincent, B. Astrocytes down-regulate neuronal f3-amyloid precursor protein expression and modify its processing in an apolipoprotein E isoform-specific manner / Vincent В., Smith J.D. // Eur. J. Neurosci. 2001. — Vol. 14, № 2. — P. 256−266.

304. Weisgraber, K.H. Apolipoprotein E: structure-function relationships / Weisgraber K.H. // AdVol. Protein. Chem. 1994. — Vol. 45. — P. 249−302.

305. Weisgraber, K.H. Human apolipoprotein E: The Alzheimer’s disease connection / Weisgraber K.H., Mahley R.W. // FASEB J. 1996. — Vol. 10, № 13.-P. 1485−1494.

306. Weisgraber, K.H. Human E apoprotein heterogeneity. Cysteine-arginine interchanges in the amino acid sequence of the apo-E isoforms / Weisgraber K.H., Rail S.C. Jr., Mahley R.W. // J. Biol. Chem. 1981. — Vol. 256, № 17. -P. 9077−9083.

307. Wisniewski, T. A pathological chaperone protein in patients with cerebral and systemic amyloid / Wisniewski Т., Frangione B. // Neurosci. Lett. 1992. — Vol. 135, № 2.-P. 235−238.

308. Yonemori, F. Spatial memory disturbance after focal cerebral ischemia in rats / Yonemori F., Yamada H., Yamaguchi T. et al. // J. Cereb. Blood. Flow Metab. 1996.-Vol. 16.-P. 973−980.

309. Zannis, V.I. Human apolipoprotein E isoprotein subclasses are genetically determined / Zannis V.I., Just P.W., Breslow J.L. // Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1981. -Vol. 33, № 1.-P. 11−24.

310. Zannis, V.I. Human very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein E isoprotein polymorphism is explained by genetic variation and posttranslationalmodification / Zannis V.I., Breslow J.L. // Biochemistry. 1981. — Vol. 20, № 4. -P. 1033−1041.

311. Zhang, Y. The effect of intraischemic mild hypothermia on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury / Zhang Yonghua, K.C. Wong, Zhijie Zhang // Acta Anaesthesiol. Sin. 2001. — Vol. 39. — P. 65−69.

312. Zivin, J.A. Tissue plasminogen activator plus glutamate antagonist improves outcome after embolic stroke / Zivin J.A., Massarella V. // Arch. Neurol. 1991. -Vol. 48.-P. 1235−1235.

Показать весь текст
Заполнить форму текущей работой