Криптоспоридиоз у больныхВИЧ-инфекцией: клинико-экспериментальное и паразитологическое исследование
![Диссертация: Криптоспоридиоз у больныхВИЧ-инфекцией: клинико-экспериментальное и паразитологическое исследование](https://westud.ru/work/2526400/cover.png)
Диссертация
Важность проблемы криптоспоридиоза для больных ВИЧ-инфекцией неоднократно подчеркивалась и отечественными учеными (В.И. Покровский, В. В. Покровский, 1988; Н. А. Чайка, Т. В. Бейер, 1990; В. И. Покровский, Б. А. Годованный, 1995; В. В. Шкарин, С. Н. Соринсон, 1999; В. В. Покровский и др., 2000, 2003; Е. С. Белозеров, Е. И. Змушко, 2003; Ю. В. Лобзин и др., 2003; В. М. Волжанин, 2008). Однако… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- ГЛАВА I. Биологические особенности криптоспоридий
- 1. 1. Биология криптоспоридий, история открытия и таксономия паразита
- 1. 2. Характеристика основных видов криптоспоридий, патогенных для человека
- 1. 3. Экспериментальный криптоспоридиоз у
- Мышей SCID
- 1. 4. Культивирование криптоспоридий in vitro
- ГЛАВА II. Эпидемиология, лабораторная диагностика и особенности клинических проявлений криптоспоридиоза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией
- 2. 1. Эпидемиология криптоспоридиоза
- 2. 2. Лабораторные методы диагностики криптоспоридиоза
- 2. 3. Клинические проявления криптоспоридиоза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией
- 2. 4. Лечение криптоспоридиоза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией
- СОБСТВЕННЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
- ГЛАВА III. Клиническая характеристика больных, объектов окружающей среды и методов исследования
- 3. 1. Клиническая характеристика больных
- 3. 2. Лабораторные методы диагностики криптоспоридиоза
- 3. 2. 1. Метод прямой микроскопии испражнений
- 3. 2. 1. Окраска ооцист криптоспоридий в мазке испражнений по методу Киньюн
- 3. 2. 3. Метод прямой иммунофлюоресценции
- 3. 2. 4. Метод иммуномагнитной сепарации
- 3. 3. Методика выделения ДНК, постановки полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) и анализа полиморфизма длины рестрикционных фрагментов ДНК (ПДРФ-анализ)
- 3. 3. 1. Метод экстракции ДНК
- 3. 3. 2. Методика полимеразной цепной реакции — ПЦР
- 3. 3. 3. Методика анализа полиморфизма длины рестрикционных фрагментов ДНК (ПДРФ-анализ)
- 3. 4. Методы исследования ооцист криптоспоридий в питьевой воде Ростовской городской системы водоснабжения и в воде бассейна реки Дон и его притоков
- 3. 4. 1. Исследование ооцист криптоспоридий в питьевой воде
- 3. 4. 2. Исследование ооцист криптоспоридий в воде бассейна реки Дон и его притоков
- 3. 5. Методы выделения, концентрации и очистки ооцист криптоспоридий из испражнений
- 3. 5. 1. Метод предварительной очистки ооцист из испражнений путем осаждения
- 3. 5. 2. Метод очистки и концентрации ооцист из испражнений путем центрифугирования в градиенте плотности раствора сахарозы и в градиенте плотности раствора хлорида цезия
- 3. 6. Оценка жизнеспособности ооцист криптоспоридий по показателю их эксцистирования (освобождения спорозоитов)
- 3. 7. Оценка вирулентности ооцист криптоспоридий, выделенных из испражнений больных ВИЧ-инфекцией, на модели экспериментальной инфекции у мышей линии SCID
- 3. 8. Методика культивирования криптоспоридий in vitro в среде, не содержащей клеток хозяина
- 3. 9. Характеристика обследованных сельскохозяйственных животных и птиц, хищников Ростовского зоопарка и дико живущих лис
- ГЛАВА IV. Результаты исследования
- 4. 1. Результаты сравнительной оценки чувствительности различных лабораторных методов диагностики криптоспоридиоза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией
- 4. 2. Клинические проявления и прогностическое значение криптоспоридиоза у больных на разных стадиях ВИЧ-инфекции
- 4. 2. 1. Клиническая характеристика криптоспоридиоза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией на момент установления диагноза
- 4. 2. 2. Результаты наблюдения за больными ВИЧ-инфекцией с криптоспоридиозом в отдаленном периоде
- 4. 3. Результаты исследования биологических свойств криптоспоридий, выделенных от больных ВИЧ-инфекцией
- 4. 3. 1. Молекулярно-генетическая характеристика криптоспоридий, обнаруженных у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией
- 4. 3. 2. Оценка жизнеспособности ооцист криптоспоридий, выделенных от больных ВИЧ инфекцией, по показателю их эксцистирования
- 4. 3. 3. Оценка вирулентности ооцист криптоспоридий, выделенных от больных ВИЧ-инфекцией, при экспериментальном заражении мышей SCID
- 4. 3. 4. Оценка биологических свойств криптоспоридий по росту в культуре (в питательной среде, не содержащей клеток хозяина)
- 4. 4. Результаты исследования роли водного фактора передачи криптоспоридиоза и резервуара паразита среди животных
- 4. 4. 1. Результаты исследования ооцист криптоспоридий в питьевой воде
- 4. 4. 2. Результаты исследования ооцист криптоспоридий в воде бассейна реки Дон и его притоков
- 4. 4. 3. Результаты исследования ооцист криптоспоридий в испражнениях сельскохозяйственных животных, хищников зоопарка и дико живущих лис
Список литературы
- Бейер Т. В., Сафонова Н. В., Хазенсон Л. В., Чайка Н. А. Лабораторная диагностика криптоспоридиоза у детей. — Л., 1987. 22 с.
- Бейер Т.В., Антыкова Л. П., Гербина Г. И. и др. Обнаружение криптоспоридиоза человека в Ленинграде // Мед. паразитол. — 1990. № 2. -С. 45−48.
- Бейер Т.В., Сидоренко Н. В., Анацкая О. В. Кишечный криптоспоридиоз в раннем возрасте и его последствия // Мед. паразит, и паразит, бол. — 2006. -№ 1. С. 3−7.
- Белозеров Е.С., Змушко Е. И. ВИЧ-инфекция. Спб.: Питер, 2003. — 368 с.
- Беляева В. В., Покровский В. В., Кравченко А. В. Консультирование при ВИЧ-инфекции: пособие для врачей различных специальностей. — М.: МЗРФ, 2003.-77 с.
- Бердыклычева Г. Н., Язкурбанова О. А., Кривец З. Ф. и др. Клинико-лабораторные особенности криптоспоридиоза в Туркменистане // Тер. архив 1998. — Т. 70, № 11. — С. 42−43.
- Волжанин В.М. Криптоспоридиоз // Паразитарные болезни человека (протозоозы и гельминтозы): Руководство для врачей. / Под ред. В. П. Сергеева, Ю. В. Лобзина, С. С. Козлова. — СПб.: ООО «Издательство Фолиант», 2008. С. 136−141.
- Дехнич А.В. Клинические и микробиологические аспекты криптоспоридиоза // Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная терапия. -2001.-№ 2.-С. 11−13.
- Дубровский Ю.А., Емельянова Л. П. Эпидемиологическое значение почвы и водоемов в природных очагах криптоспоридиоза // Журн. микробиологии. 2003. — № 4. — С. 100−103.
- Емельянова Л.П., Лисина, С.В., Дубровский Ю. А., Дубровский В. Ю. Распространенность криптоспоридий в естественных экосистемах // Мед паразитол. 1999. — № 3. — С. 14−18.
- Клинические рекомендации. ВИЧ-инфекция и СПИД / под ред. В. В. Покровского. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медицина, 2006. — 128 с.
- Краченко А.В., Юрин О. Г., Ермак Т. Н. и др. Случай туберкулезного сепсиса и криптоспоридиоза у больного с ВИЧ-инфекцией // Тер. архив. — 1993.-Т. 65, № 11.-С. 30−31.
- Криптоспоридиоз домашних животных (возбудители, клиническая картина, эпизоотология, диагностика, профилактика и лечение) / В. Ф. Никитин. М., 2007. — С. 36.
- Лавдовская М.В., Лысенко А. Я., Басова Е. Н. и др. Система «хозяин — условно-патогенные простейшие». Влияние ионизирующей радиации на распространение криптоспоридиоза и пневмоцистоза // Паразитология. — 1996. Т. 30, № 2. — С. 153−158.
- Лавдовская М.В., Лысенко А. Я., Горбунова Ю. П. и др. Особенности эпидемиологии криптоспоридиоза в Европейской части России // Мед. парзитол. 1996. — № 3. — С. 8−11.
- Лобзин Ю.В., Жданов К. В., Пастушенков В. Л. ВИЧ-инфекция: клиника, диагностика, лечение. СПб.: ООО «Издательство ФОЛИАНТ», 2003. — 144 с.
- Ошевская З.А., Ляпина Н. И., Максимова Т. Ю. Случаи криптоспоридиоза в Тульской области // Мед. паразитол. 1996. — № 2. — С. 55−56.
- Партии О.С., Пожалостина Л. В. Щербакова И.Т., Грачева Н. М. Криптоспоридиоз: эпидемиология, патогенез, клиника, диагностика и лечение // Эпидемиология и инфекционные болезни. 2001. — № 5. — С. 55−58.
- Пархоменко Ю.Т., Тишкевич О. А., Шахгильдян В. И. Анализ летальных исходов среди ВИЧ-инфицированных взрослых больных в Москве, 20 022 003 // Инфекционные болезни. 2004. — Т. 2, № 3. — С. 72−74.
- Плотникова А.В., Андреев А. И., Лысенко, А .Я. Первые случаи криптоспоридиоза человека в Москве // Мед. паразитол. — 1990. № 3. — С. 58−60.
- Покровский В. И., Покровский В. В. Синдром приобретенного иммунодефицита. М.: Медицина, 1988. — 44 с.
- Покровский В.В. Эпидемиология и профилактика ВИЧ-инфекции.- М.: Медицина, 1996. 275 с.
- Покровский В. И. Годованный Б.А. Оппортунистическая инфекция при СПИДе. Эпидемиология и клиника криптоспоридиоза // Журн. микробиол. — 1995.-№ 2.-С. 106−109.
- Покровский В. В., Ермак Т. Н., Беляева В. В., Юрин О. Г. ВИЧ-инфекция: клиника, диагностика и лечение. М.: ГЭОТАР Медицина, 2000. -496 с.
- Покровский В. В., Ермак Т. Н., Беляева В. В., Юрин О. Г. ВИЧ-инфекция: клиника, диагностика и лечение. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. — М.: ГЭОТАР Медицина, 2003. — 488 с.
- Покровский В. В., Юрин О. Г., Беляева В. В. Клиническая диагностика ВИЧ-инфекции: практ. рук-во для студентов, врачей-интернов, клин, ординаторов и врачей всех специальностей. М.: ГОУ ВУНМЦ МЗ РФ, 2002. -90 с.
- Покровский В. В., Юрин О. Г., Беляева В. В. И др. Клиническая диагностика и лечение ВИЧ-инфекции: практ. рук-во для студентов, врачей-интернов, клин, ординаторов и врачей всех специальностей. — М.: ГОУ ВУНМЦ МЗ РФ, 2001. 92 с.
- Романенко Н.А., Рахманин Ю. А., Сергиев В. П. О необходимости включения ооцист криптоспоридий в число показателей эпидемической безопасности питьевой воды // Гигиена и санитария. 2001. — № 1. — С. 18−19.
- Романенко Н.А., Рахманин Ю. А., Сергиев В. П. Ооцисты криптоспоридий и эпидемическая безопасность питьевой воды в Российской Федерации // Мед. парзитол 2001. — № 2. — С. 11−13.
- Романова Т.В., Шкарин В. В., Хазенсон Л. Б. Групповая вспышка криптоспоридиоза у детей // Мед. парзитол. 1992. — № 3. — С. 50−52.
- Романова Т.В., Шкарин В. В., Хазенсон Л. Б. Особенности распространения криптоспоридиоза в Нижегородской области // Мед. парзитол. 1992. — № 4. — С. 5−7.
- Сизякина Л.П., Чернышов В. Н., Симованян Э. Н. ВИЧ-инфекция у детей. Ростов н/Д: Изд-во РГМУ, 2001.- 140 с.
- Шкарин В.В., Соринсон С. Н. ВИЧ/СПИД-инфекция. Двадцать лет спустя после начала пандемии: рук-во для врачей. — Н. Новгород: Изд-во НГМА, 1999. 146 с. (с. 64−67).
- Abdo A., Klassen J., Urbanski S. et al. Reversible sclerosing cholangitis secondary to cryptosporidiosis in a renal transplant patient // J. Hepatol. 2003. -Vol.38, N 5.-P.688−691.
- Abe N., Sawano Y., Yamada K. et al. Cryptosporidium infection in dogs in Osaka, Japan // Vet. Parasitol. 2002. — Vol. 108. — P. 185−193.
- Abrahamsen M.S., Templeton T.J., Enomoto S. et al. Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum // Science. — 2004. — Vol. 304.-P. 441−445.
- Abubakar I., Aliyu S.H., Arumugam C. et al. Prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007a.- Is.l. CD004932.
- Abubakar I., Aliyu S.H., Arumugam C. et al. Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis // Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2007b. — Vol.63, N 4. — P.387−393.
- Adal K.A., Sterling C.R., Guerrant R.L. Cryptosporidium and related species // Blaser M.J., Smith P.D., Ravdin J.I., Greenberg H.B., Guerrant R.L.'
- Eds), Infections of the gastrointestinal tract. New York- Raven Press, 1995. — P. 1107−1128.
- Adjei A., Lartey M., Adiku Т.К. et al. Cryptosporidium oocysts in Ghanaian AIDS patients with diarrhea // East Afr. Med. J. 2003. — Vol.80, N 7. — P.369−372.
- Agarwal A., Ningthouja S., Sharma D. et al. Cryptosporidium and HIV // J. Indian Med. Assoc. 1998. — Vol.96, N 9. — P.276−277.
- Aiello A. E., L. H. Xiao, J. R. Limor et al. Microsatellite analysis of the human and bovine genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. -1999. Vol. 46. — P. 46S-47S.
- Akiyoshi, D. E., X. Feng, M. A. Buckholt, G. Widmer, and S. Tzipori Genetic Analysis of a Cryptosporidium parvum human genotype 1 isolate passaged through different host species // Infect. Immun. -2002. — Vol. 70. P. 5670−5675.
- Akiyoshi, D. E., J. Dilo, C. Pearson, S. Chapman, J. Tumwine, and S. Tzipori Characterization of Cryptosporidium meleagridis of human origin passaged through different host species // Infect. Immun. 2003. — Vol.71. -P.1828−1832.
- Akiyoshi D.E., Tumwine J.K., Bakeera-Kitaka S., Tzipori S. Subtype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from children in Uganda // J. Parasitol. -2006. Vol.92, N 5. — P. 1097−1100.
- Alvarez-Pellitero, P., and A. Sitja-Bobadilla Cryptosporidium molnari n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting two marine fish species, Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L // Int. J. Parasitol. 2002. -Vol.32. — P. l007−1021.
- Alves, M., O. Matos, F. Spano, and F. Antunes. 2000. PCR-RFLP analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates from HIV-infected patients in Lisbon, Portugal // Ann. Trap. Med. Parasitol. -2000. Vol. 94. — P.291−297.
- Alves, M., O. Matos, I. Pereira Da Fonseca, E. Delgado, A. M. Lourenco, and F. Antunes Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium isolates from human HIV-infected and animal hosts // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2001, Suppl. — P.17S-18S.
- Alves, M., О. Matos, F. Antunes Multilocus PCR-RFLP analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from HIV-infected patients from Portugal // Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. -2001. -Vol. 95. P. 627−632.
- Alves M, Matos O, Antunes F. Microsatellite analysis of Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum in Portugal: a preliminary study // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2003. Vol.50, Suppl. — P. 529−530.
- Alves M, Xiao L, Sulaiman I, Lai AA, Matos O, Antunes F. Subgenotype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans, cattle, and zoo ruminants in Portugal // J Clin Microbiol. 2003. — Vol.41, N 6. — P.2744−2747.
- Alves M, Xiao L, Antunes F, Matos O. Distribution of Cryptosporidium subtypes in humans and domestic and wild ruminants in Portugal // Parasitol Res. 2006. Vol.99, N 3. — P.287−292.
- Amadi B, Mwiya M, Musuku J, Watuka A, Sianongo S, Ayoub A, Kelly P. Effect of nitazoxanide on morbidity and mortality in Zambian children with cryptsporidiosis: a randomised controlled trial // Lancet. 2002. — Vol.360, N 9343. -P.1375−1380.
- Amar CF, Chalmers RM, Elwin K, Tynan P, McLauchlin J Blinded evaluation of DNA extraction and genotyping of stained Cryptosporidium on glass slides // Lett Appl Microbiol. 2002. — Vol. 35. — P. 486−488.
- Amirkhanian YA, Kelly JA, McAuliffe TL. Psychosocial needs, mental health, and HIV transmission risk behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS in St Petersburg, Russia // AIDS. 2003. — Vol.17, N 16. — P.2367−2374.
- Ananthasubramanian M, Ananthan S, Vennila R, Bhanu S. Cryptosporidium in AIDS patients in south India: a laboratory investigation // J. Commun Dis. -1997. Vol.29, N 1. — P.29−33.
- Anderson, В. С. Experimental infection in mice of Cryptosporidium muris isolated from a camel //J. Protozool. -1991a. Vol. 38. -P.16S-17S.
- Anderson, В. C. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium muris-like oocysts among cattle populations of the United States: preliminary report // J. Protozool. — 1991b. — Vol. 38. -P.14S-15S.
- Anderson, D. R., D. W. Duszynski, and W. C. Marquardt Three new coccidia (Protozoa: Telosporea) from kingsnakes, Lampropeltis spp., in Illinois, with a redescription of Eimeria zamenis Phisalix, 1921 // J. Parasitol. 1968. — Vol.54.-P.577−581.
- Angus, K. W., G. Hutchison, and H. M. Munro Infectivity of a strain of Cryptosporidium found in the guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus) for guinea-pigs, mice and lambs//J. Сотр. Pathol. 1985. — Vol. 95.-P.151−165.
- Arikan S, Ergtiven S, Akyon Y, Gilnalp A. Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients in a Turkish university hospital // Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 1999. — Vol.46, N 1. -P.33−40.
- Armon R, Gold D, Brodsky M, Oron G. Surface and subsurface irrigation with effluents of different qualities and presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in soil and on crops // Water Sci Technol. 2002. — Vol.46, N 3. -P.l 15−122.
- Armson A, Thompson RC, Reynoldson JA. A review of chemotherapeutic approaches to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis // Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. — 2003. Vol. 1, N 2. — P. 297−305.
- Arrowood MJ, Sterling CR. Comparison of conventional staining methods and monoclonal antibody-based methods for Cryptosporidium oocyst detection // J. Clin. Microbiol. 1989. — Vol.27, N 7. — P. 1490−1495.
- Arrowood MJ. Diagnosis // Cryptosporidium and Cryptosporidiosis. Fayer R (Ed.). New York- London- Tokyo: CRC Press, 1997. — P. 43−64, 45−47
- Awad-el-Kariem, F. M., H. A. Robinson, D. A. Dyson, D. Evans, S. Wright, M. T. Fox, and V. McDonald Differentiation between human and animal strains of Cryptosporidium parvum using isoenzyme typing // Parasitology. 1995. — Vol. 110. -P.129−132.
- Awad-el-Kariem, F. M. Significant parity of different phenotypic and genotypic markers between human and animal strains of Cryptosporidium parvum // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. -1996. Vol. 43. — P.70S.
- Awad-El-Kariem, F. M., H. A. Robinson, F. Petry, V. McDonald, D. Evans, and D. Casemore Differentiation between human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum using molecular and biological markers // Parasitol. Res. 1998.-Vol. 84. -P.297−301.
- Awad-el-Kariem, F. M. Does Cryptosporidium parvum have a clonal population structure? // Parasitol. Today. 1999. — Vol. 15. — P.502−504.
- Babiker A., Darbyshire J., Pezzotti P. et al. Antiparasitic agent atovaquone // Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. -2002. Vol. 46. — P. 1163−1173.
- Bandoni, S. M., and D. W. Duszynski A plea for improved presentation of type material for coccidian // J. Parasitol. 1988. — Vol. 74. — P.519−523.
- Barker, I. K., and P. L. Carbonel Cryptosporidium agni sp.n. from lambs, and Cryptosporidium bovis sp.n. from a calf, with observations on the oocyst // Z. Parasitenkd. 1974. — Vol. 44. — P.289−298.
- Baumgartner A, Marder HP, Munzinger J, Siegrist HH. Frequency of Cryptosporidium spp. as cause of human gastrointestinal disease in Switzerland and possible sources of infection // Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 2000. — Vol.130, N 36. -P.1252−1258.
- Bearup, A. J. 1954. The coccidia of carnivores of Sydney // Aust. Vet. J.-1954. — Vol. 30. -P.185−186.
- Benotsch EG, Pinkerton SD, Dyatlov RV, DiFranceisco W, Smirnova TS, Dudko VY, Kozlov A. HIV risk behavior in male and female Russian sexually transmitted disease clinic patients // Int J Behav Med. 2006. — Vol.13, N 1. -P.26−33.
- Berkman DS, Lescano AG, Gilman RH, Lopez SL, Black MM. Effects of stunting, diarrheal disease, and parasitic infection during infancy on cognition in late childhood: a follow-up study // Lancet. 2002. — Vol. 359. — P. 564−571.
- Bern, С., B. Hernandez, M. B. Lopez, M. J. Arrowood, A. M. De Merida, and R. E. Klein. 2000. The contrasting epidemiology of Cyclospora and Cryptosporidium among outpatients in Guatemala // Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. -2000.-Vol. 63.-P. 231−235.
- Bhattacharya, M. К., T. Teka, A. S. Faruque, and G. J. Fuchs. 1997. Cryptosporidium infection in children in urban Bangladesh // J. Trop. Pediatr.-1997. Vol. 43. — P. 282−286.
- Bird, R.G. Protozoa and viruses. Human cryptosporidiosis and concomitant viral enteritis, p. 39−47. // Canning E.U. (ed.) Parasitological topics. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kans, 1981. — P. 39−47.
- Bissuel F, Cotte L, Rabodonirina M, Rougier P, Piens MA, Trepo C. Paromomycin: an effective treatment for cryptosporidial diarrhea in patients with AIDS // Clin. Infect. Dis. 1994. — Vol. 18. — P. 447149.
- Blackburn BG, Mazurek JM, Hlavsa M et al. Cryptosporidiosis associated with ozonated apple cider // Emerg Infect Dis. 2006. — Vol.12, N 4. — P.684−686.
- Blackman E, Binder S, Gaultier C, Benveniste R, Cecilio M. Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients: diagnostic sensitivity of stool examination, based on number of specimens submitted // Am J Gastroenterol. -1997. Vol.92, N 3. — P.451−453.
- Blanshard C, Jackson AM, Shanson DC, Francis N, Gazzard BG. Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-seropositive patients // Q J Med. 1992. — Vol.85, N 307/308.-P.813−823.
- Bobin S, Bouhour D, Durupt S, Boibieux A, Girault V, Peyramond D. Importance of antiproteases in the treatment of microsporidia and/or Cryptosporidia infections in HIV-seropositive patients // Pathol Biol (Paris). 1998. — Vol.46, N 6.1. P.418−419.
- Brandonisio O, Maggi P, Panaro MA, Bramante LA, Di Coste A, Angarano G. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients with diarrhoeal illness // Eur J Epidemiol. 1993. — Vol.9, N 2. — P.190−194.
- Brink, А. К., C. Mahe, C. Watera, E. Lugada, C. Gilks, J. Whitworth, and N. French. Diarrhoea, CD4 counts and enteric infections in a community based cohort of HIV infected adults in Uganda // J. Infect. 2002. — Vol.54, N 1. — P.99−106.
- Brower, A. I., and M. R. Cranfield. Cryptosporidium sp.-associated enteritis without gastritis in rough green snakes (Opheodrys aestivus) and a common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) // J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 2001. — Vol. 32. — P.101−105.
- Brownstein, D. G., J. D. Strandberg, R. J. Montali, M. Bush, and J. Fortner Cryptosporidium in snakes with hypertrophic gastritis // Vet. Pathol. — 1977. 14. -P. 606−617.
- Bruce BB, Blass MA, Blumberg HM, Lennox JL, del Rio C, Horsburgh CR Jr. Risk of Cryptosporidium parvum transmission between hospital roommates. // Clin Infect Dis. 2000. — Vol.31, N 4. — P.947−950.
- Bukhari, Z., and H. V. Smith. Detection of Cryptosporidium muris oocysts in the faeces of adult dairy cattle in Scotland // Vet. Rec. 1996. — Vol. 138, N 3. -P.207−208.
- Bukhari Z, Smith HV. Cryptosporidium parvum: oocyst excretion and viability patterns in experimentally infected lambs // Epidemiol Infect. 1997. -Vol.l 19, N 1. —P.105−108.
- Buyilkbaba Boral O, Uysal H, Alan S, Nazlican O. Investigation of intestinal parasites in AIDS patients // Mikrobiyol Bui. 2004. — Vol.38, N ½. — P. 121−128.
- Caccio S, Homan W, van Dijk K, Pozio E Genetic polymorphism at the beta-tubulin locus among human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum // FEMS Microbiol Lett.-1999.-Vol. 170.-P. 173−179.
- Caccio SM, Homan W, Camilli R, Traldi G, Kortbeek T, Pozio E A microsatellite marker reveals population heterogeneity within human and animal genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum // Parasitology. 2000. — Vol. 120. — P. 237−244.
- Caccio SM, Spano F, Pozio E Large sequence variation at two microsatellite loci among zoonotic (genotype C) isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum // Int. J. Parasitol. 2001. — Vol. 31. — P. 1082−1086.
- Caccio, S., E. Pinter, R. Fantini, I. Mezzaroma, and E. Pozio. Human infection with Cryptosporidium felis: case report and literature review // Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2002. — Vol. 8. — P. 85−86.
- Caccio SM Molecular techniques to detect and identify protozoan parasites in the environment // Acta Microbiol Pol. 2003. — Vol. 52. — P. 23−34.
- Caccio SM. Molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis // Parassitologia. 2005. — Vol. 47, N 2. — P. 185−192.
- Caccio SM, Thompson RC, McLauchlin J, Smith HV. Unravelling Cryptosporidium and Giardia epidemiology // Trends Parasitol. 2005. — Vol. 21, N9.-P. 430−437.
- Cacopardo B, Nigro L, Celesia BM, Minniti S, Brancati G, Montineri A, Nunnari A. Serum cytokines as predictors of clinical outcome in AIDS-related intestinal cryptosporidiosis // Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998. — Vol.30, N 2. -P.162−166.
- Call SA, Heudebert G, Saag M, Wilcox CM. The changing etiology of chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients with CD4 cell counts less than 200 cells/mm3 // Am J Gastroenterol. 2000. — Vol.95, N 11. — P.3142−3146.
- Cama VA, Bern C, Sulaiman IM et al. Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in HIV-positive patients in Lima, Peru // J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2003. — Vol.50, Suppl.-P. 531−533.
- Cama VA, Ross JM, Crawford S et al. Differences in clinical manifestations among Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in HIV-infected persons // J Infect Dis. 2007. — Vol.196, N 5. — P.684−691.
- Camps M, Arrizabalaga G, Boothroyd J. An rRNA mutation identifies the apicoplast as the target for clindamycin in Toxoplasma gondii // Mol. Microbiol.-2002.-Vol. 43.-P. 1309−1318.
- Camus, А. С., and M. K. Lopez Gastric cryptosporidiosis in juvenile red dru // J. Aquat. Anim. Health. 1996. — Vol. 8. — P.167−172.
- Caputo C, Forbes A, Frost F, Sinclair MI, Kunde TR, Hoy JF, Fairley CK. Determinants of antibodies to Cryptosporidium infection among gay and bisexual men with HIV infection // Epidemiol Infect. 1999. — Vol.122, N 2. — P.291−297.
- Carr A, Marriott D, Field A, Vasak E, Cooper DA. Treatment of HIV-1-associated microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis with combination antiretroviral therapy // Lancet. 1998. — Vol.351, N 9098. — P.256−261.
- Carreno, R. A., N. J. Pokorny, H. Lee, J. T. Trevors, and S. A. De Grandis. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Cryptosporidium species and isolates // J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2001. — Vol. 26. — P. 95−106.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food—10 states, 2007 // MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008. — Vol.57, N 14. -P.366−370.
- Certad G, Arenas-Pinto A, Pocaterra L, Ferrara G, Castro J, Bello A, Nunez L. Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected Venezuelan adults is strongly associated with acute or chronic diarrhea // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005. — Vol.73, N 1. — P.54−57.
- Chalmers, R. M., K. Elwin, W. J. Reilly, H. Irvine, A. L. Thomas, and P. R. Hunter. Cryptosporidium in farmed animals: the detection of a novel isolate in sheep // Int. J. Parasitol. 2002. — Vol. 32. — P.21−26.
- Chalmers RM, Hadfield SJ, Jackson С J, Elwin K, Xiao L, Hunter P. Geographic Linkage and Variation in Cryptosporidium hominis // Emerg Infect Dis. 2008. — Vol.14, N 3. — P.496−498.
- Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC, Sterling CR, DuPont HL. Cryptosporidium parvum: intensity of infection and oocyst excretion patterns in healthy volunteers // J Infect Dis. 1996. — Vol. 173, N 1. — P.232−236.
- Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC, Sterling CR, Wang C, Jakubowski W, Dupont HL. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy adults with pre-existing anti-C. parvum serum immunoglobulin G // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999. — Vol.60, N 1.-P.157−164.
- Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC, Langer-Curry R et al. Cryptosporidium hominis: experimental challenge of healthy adults // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006. — Vol.75, N 5.-P.851−857.
- Checkley W, Gilman RH, Epstein LD, Suarez M, Diaz JF, Cabrera L, Black RE, Sterling CR. Asymptomatic and symptomatic cryptosporidiosis: their acute effect on weight gain in Peruvian children // Am J Epidemiol. 1997. — Vol.145, N 2. -P.156−163.
- Chen XM, Levine SA, Tietz P et al. Cryptosporidium parvum is cytopathic for cultured human biliary epithelia via an apoptotic mechanism // Hepatology. -1998. Vol.28, N 4. — P.906−913.
- Chen XM, Gores GJ, Paya CV, LaRusso NF. Cryptosporidium parvum induces apoptosis in biliary epithelia by a Fas/Fas ligand-dependent mechanism. // Am J Physiol. 1999. — Vol.277, N 3, Pt 1.-P.G599−608.
- Chen XM, LaRusso NF. Cryptosporidiosis and the pathogenesis of AIDS-cholangiopathy // Semin Liver Dis. 2002. — Vol.22, N 3. — P.277−289.
- Chhin S, Harwell JI, Bell JD et al. Etiology of chronic diarrhea in antiretroviral-naive patients with HIV infection admitted to Norodom Sihanouk Hospital, Phnom Penh, Cambodia // Clin Infect Dis. 2006. — Vol.43, N 7. -P.925−932.
- Chrisp, С. E., and M. LeGendre. Similarities and differences between DNA of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. wrairi detected by the polymerase chain reaction // Folia Parasitol. 1994. — Vol. 41. — P.97−100.
- Church DL, Sutherland LR, Gill MJ, Visser ND, Kelly JK. Absence of an association between enteric parasites in the manifestations and pathogenesis of
- HIV enteropathy in gay men. The GI/HIV Study Group // Scand J Infect Dis. -1992. Vol.24, N 5. — P.567−575.
- Clark DP. New insights into human cryptosporidiosis // Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999. — Vol.12, N 4. — P.554−563.
- Clavel A, Arnal AC, Sanchez EC, Cuesta J, Letona S, Amiguet JA, Castillo FJ, Varea M, Gomez-Lus R. Respiratory cryptosporidiosis: case series and review of the literature // Infection. 1996. — Vol.24, N 5. — P.341−346.
- Colford JM Jr, Tager IB, Hirozawa AM, Lemp GF, Aragon T, Petersen C. Cryptosporidiosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Factors related to symptomatic infection and survival // Am J Epidemiol. 1996. -Vol.144, N 9.-P.807−816.
- Collins CD, Blanshard C, Cramp M, Gazzard B, Gleeson JA. Case report: pneumatosis intestinalis occurring in association with cryptosporidiosis and HIV infection // Clin Radiol. 1992. — Vol.46, N 6. — P.410−411.
- Conti S, Masocco M, Pezzotti P et al. Differential impact of combined antiretroviral therapy on the survival of italian patients with specific AIDS-defining illnesses // J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000. — Vol.25, N 5. — P.451−458.
- Cordova Paz Soldan O, Vargas Vasquez F, Gonzalez Varas A et al. Intestinal parasitism in Peruvian children and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species // Parasitol Res. 2006. — Vol.98, N 6. — P.576−581.
- Corso, P. S., M. H. Kramer, K. A. Blair, D. G. Addiss, J. P. Davis, and A. C. Haddix. Cost of illness in the 1993 waterborne Cryptosporidium outbreak, Milwaukee, Wisconsin // Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2003. — Vol. 9. — P.426−431.
- Coulliette AD, Huffman DE, Slifko TR, Rose JB. Cryptosporidium parvum: treatment effects and the rate of decline in oocyst infectivity // J Parasitol. 2006. -Vol.92, N 1.-P.58−62.
- Cox MJ, Elwin K, Massad E, Azevedo RS. Age-specific seroprevalence to an immunodominant Cryptosporidium sporozoite antigen in a Brazilian population // Epidemiol Infect. 2005. — Vol.133, N 5. — P.951−956.
- Crawford FG, Vermund SH, Ma JY, Deckelbaum RJ. Asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in a New York City day care center // Pediatr Infect Dis J. -1988.- Vol.7, N 11.- P.806−807.
- Crowe SM, Carlin JB, Stewart KI, Lucas CR, Hoy JF. Predictive value of CD4 lymphocyte numbers for the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies in HIV-infected persons // J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1991. -Vol.4, N 8. — P.770−776.
- Current WL. Human cryptosporidiosis // N Engl J Med. 1983. — Vol.309, N 22. — P.1325−1327.
- Current WL, Reese NC, Ernst JV, Bailey WS, Heyman MB and Weinstein WM Human cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient persons. Studies of an outbreak and experimental transmission // N Engl J Med. — 1983.-Vol. 308.-P. 1252−1257.
- Current, W. L., and N. C. Reese. A comparison of endogenous development of three isolates of Cryptosporidium in suckling mice // J. Protozool. 1986. — Vol. 33.-P. 98−108.
- Current, W. L., S. J. Upton, and Т. B. Haynes. The life cycle of Cryptosporidium baileyi n. sp. (Apicomplexa, Cryptosporidiidae) infecting chickens // J. Protozool. 1986. — Vol. 33. — P.289−296.
- Da Silva AJ, Bornay-Llinares F. J, Moura INS, Slemenda, SB, Tuttle JL and Pieniazek NJ Fast and reliable extraction of protozoan parasite DNA from fecal specimens // Mol Diagnos. 1999. — N 4. — P. 57−64.
- Dann SM, Wang HC, Gambarin KJ et al. Interleukin-15 activates human natural killer cells to clear the intestinal protozoan Cryptosporidium // J Infect Dis. 2005. — Vol. 192, N 7. — P. l294−1302.
- Das P, Roy SS, MitraDhar K, Dutta P, Bhattacharya MK, Sen A, Ganguly S, Bhattacharya SK, Lai AA, Xiao L. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from children in Kolkata, India // J Clin Microbiol. 2006. — Vol.44, N11.-P.4246−4249.
- Dawson D. Foodborne protozoan parasites // Int J Food Microbiol. 2005. — Vol.103, N 2.-P.207−227.
- Deng MQ, Lam KM, Cliver DO. Immunomagnetic separation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts using MACS MicroBeads and high gradient separation columns // J Microbiol Methods. 2000. — Vol.40, N 1. — P. 11−17.
- Di Pinto A, Tantillo MG. Direct detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction in raw milk // J Food Prot. 2002. — Vol.65, N 8. — P.1345−1348.
- Dillingham RA, Lima AA, Guerrant RL. Cryptosporidiosis: epidemiology and impact // Microbes Infect. 2002. — Vol. 4, N 10. — P. 1059−1066.
- Dionisio D, Orsi A, Sterrantino G et al. Chronic cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS: stable remission and possible eradication after long-term, low dose azithromycin // J Clin Pathol. 1998. — Vol.51, N 2. — P.138−142.
- Dionisio D. Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients // J Postgrad Med 2002. Vol.48, N3.-P. 215−216.
- Dowell SF, Holt EA, Murphy FK. Pancreatitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a matched case-control study // Tex Med. -1996. Vol.92, N 9. — P.44−49.
- Dubey, J. P., and B. P. Pande Observations on the coccidian oocysts from Indian Jungle cat (Felis chaus) // Ind. J. Microbiol. 1963. — N 3. — P. 103−108.
- Dubey, J. P., J. E. Markovits, and K. A. Killary Cryptosporidium muris-like infection in stomach of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) // Vet. Pathol. -2002.-Vol. 39.-P.363−371.
- DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB, Jakubowski W. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers // N Engl J Med. 1995. — Vol.332, N 13. — P.855−859.
- Duszynski, D. W. Two new coccidia (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from Costa Rican lizards with a review of the Eimeria from lizards // J. Protozool. 1969. — Vol.16.-P.581−585.
- Dwivedi KK, Prasad G, Saini S, Mahajan S, Lai S, Baveja UK. Enteric opportunistic parasites among HIV infected individuals: associated risk factors and immune status Jpn // J Infect Dis. 2007. — Vol.60, N 2/3. — P.76−81.
- Ebeid, M., A. Mathis, A. Pospischil, and P. Deplazes. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype I in conventionally reared piglets and lambs // Parasitol. Res. 2003. — Vol. 90. — P.232−235
- Egorov A., Paulauskis J., Petrova L. et al. Contamination of water supplies with Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia and diarrheal illness in selected Russian cities // Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 2002. — Vol. 205, N 4. — P. 281 289.
- Egorov A., Frost F., Muller T. et al. Serological evidence of Cryptosporidium infections in a Russian city and evaluation of risk factors for infections // Ann. Epidemiol. 2004. — Vol.14, N 2. — P. 129−136.
- El-Ghaysh, A., and J. Barrett. Isoenzyme activities of different strains of Cryptosporidium parvum // Vet. Parasitol. 1999. — Vol. 81. — P. l95−200.
- Elwin K, Chalmers RM, Hadfield SJ et al. Serological responses to Cryptosporidium in human populations living in areas reporting high and low incidences of symptomatic cryptosporidiosis // Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007. -Vol.13, N 12.-P.1179−1185.
- Enemark, H. L., P. Ahrens, C. J. Lowery, S. M. Thamsborg, J. M. Enemark, V. Bille-Hansen, and P. Lind. Cryptosporidium andersoni from a Danish cattle herd: identification and preliminary characterization // Vet. Parasitol. 2002. -Vol.107. -P.37−49.
- Enemark, H. L., P. Ahrens, V. Bille-Hansen, P. M. Heegaard, H. Vigre, S. M. Thamsborg, and P. Lind. Cryptosporidium parvum: infectivity and pathogenicity of the 'porcine' genotype // Parasitology. 2003. — Vol. 126. -P.407−416.
- Enriquez, F. J., and C. R. Sterling. Cryptosporidium infections in inbred strains of mice // J. Protozool. 1991. — Vol. 38. — P.100S-102S.
- Epple HJ, Schmidt W, Zeitz M. Gastrointestinal manifestations of HIV infection // Med Klin (Munich). 2002. — Vol.97, N 1. — P.12−21.
- Fall, A., R. C. Thompson, R. P. Hobbs, and U. Morgan-Ryan. Morphology is not a reliable tool for delineating species within Cryptosporidium // J. Parasitol.2003. Vol. 89. — P.399−402.
- Fayer, R., C. Speer, and J. Dubey. The general biology of Cryptosporidium // Fayer R. (ed.), Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla, 1997.-P. 1−41.
- Fayer R, Morgan U, Upton SJ. Epidemiology of Cryptosporidium: transmission, detection and identification // Int. J. Parasitol. 2000. — Vol. 30, N 12/13.-P. 1305−1322.
- Fayer, R., J. M. Trout, L. Xiao, U. M. Morgan, A. A. Lai, and J. P. Dubey. Cryptosporidium canis n. sp. from domestic dogs // J. Parasitol. — 2001. — Vol. 87. -P.1415−1422.
- Fayer R. Cryptosporidium: a water-borne zoonotic parasite // Vet. Parasitol.2004.-Vol. 126, N 1. -P. 37−56.
- Fayer R, Dubey JP, Lindsay DS Zoonotic protozoa: from land to sea. // Trends Parasitol. 2004. — Vol. 20. — P. 531−536.
- Feltus DC, Giddings CW, Schneck BL, Monson T, Warshauer D, McEvoy JM. Evidence supporting zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. in Wisconsin. // J Clin Microbiol. 2006. — Vol.44, N 12. — P.4303−4308.
- Feng, X., S. M. Rich, S. Tzipori, and G. Widmer. Experimental evidence for genetic recombination in the opportunistic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum // Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 2002. — Vol. 119. — P.55−62.
- Fichtenbaum CJ, Ritchie DJ, Powderly WG. Use of paromomycin for treatment of cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS // Clin. Infect. Dis. 1993. -Vol. 16.-P. 298−300.
- Flanigan T, Whalen C, Turner J, Soave R, Toerner J, Havlir D, Kotler D. Cryptosporidium infection and CD4 counts // Ann Intern Med. 1992. — Vol.116, N 10. — P.840−842.
- Flanigan TP, Bender JF. Paromomycin: no more effective than placebo for treatment of cryptosporidiosis in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trial Group // Clin Infect Dis. 2000. — Vol.31, N 4. — P.1084−1092.
- Fontaine M, Guillot E. An immunomagnetic separation-real-time PCR method for quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum in water samples // J Microbiol Methods. 2003. — Vol.54, N 1. — P.29−36.
- Fontaine M, Guillot E. Development of a TaqMan quantitative PCR assay specific for Cryptosporidium parvum // FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002. — Vol.214, N 1. -P.13−17.
- Fontaine M, Guillot E. Study of 18S rRNA and rDNA stability by real-time RT-PCR in heat-inactivated Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts // FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003. — Vol.226, N 2. — P.237−243.
- Forbes A, Blanshard C, Gazzard B. Natural history of AIDS related sclerosing cholangitis: a study of 20 cases // Gut. 1993. — Vol.34, N 1. — P. l 1621.
- Fretz R, Svoboda P, Ryan UM, Thompson RC, Tanners M, Baumgartner A. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from human stool samples in Switzerland // Epidemiol Infect. 2003. — Vol. 131, N 1. — P.663−667.
- Frost FJ, Muller T, Craun GL, Calderon DL, Hubbs SA. So many oocysts, so few outbreaks // J Am Waterworks Assoc. 1997. — Vol.89, N 1. — P.8−9.
- Frost FJ, Fea E, Gilli G, Biorci F, Muller TM, Craun GF, Calderon RL. Serological evidence of Ciyptosporidium infections in southern Europe // Eur J Epidemiol. 2000. — Vol. 16, N 4. — P.385−390.
- Fujikawa H, Miyakawa H, Iguchi K, Nishizawa M, Moro K, Nagai K, Ishibashi M. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis as an initial manifestation in a previously healthy Japanese patient with AIDS // J Gastroenterol. 2002. — Vol.37, N 10. -P.840−843.
- Gajadhar, A. A. Host specificity studies and oocyst description of a Cryptosporidium sp. isolated from ostriches // Parasitol. Res. 1994. — Vol. 8. — P. 316−319.
- Gallaher, M. M., J. L. Herndon, L. J. Nims, C. R. Sterling, D. J. Grabowski, and H. F. Hull. 1989. Cryptosporidiosis and surface water // Am. J. Public Health. 1989. — Vol.79. — P.39−42.
- Garcia LS, Shimizu RY. Evaluation of nine immunoassay kits (enzyme immunoassay and direct fluorescence) for detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in human fecal specimens // J Clin Microbiol. 1997. — Vol.35, N 6.-P.1526−1529.
- Garone MA, Winston В J, Lewis JH. Cryptosporidiosis of the stomach // Am J Gastroenterol. 1986. — Vol.81, N 6. — P.465−470.
- Gatei, W., R. W. Ashford, N. J. Beeching, S. K. Kamwati, J. Greensill, and C. A. Hart. Cryptosporidium muris infection in an HIV-infected adult, Kenya. Emerg // Infect. Dis. 2002a. — Vol. 8. — P.204−206.
- Gatei W, Greensill J, Ashford RW, Cuevas LE, Parry CM, Cunliffe NA, Beeching NJ, Hart CA Molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of
- Cryptosporidium parasites from patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infections living in Kenya, Malawi, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam // J Clin Microbiol. 2003. — Vol. 41. — P. 1458−1462.
- Gatei W, Barrett D, Lindo JF, Eldemire-Shearer D, Cama V, Xiao L. Unique Cryptosporidium population in HIV-infected persons, Jamaica // Emerg Infect Dis. 2008. Vol.14, N 5. — P.841−843.
- Gelman SF, Brandt LJ. Pneumatosis intestinalis and AIDS: a case report and review of the literature // Am J Gastroenterol. 1998. — Vol.93, N 4. — P.646−650.
- Gentile G, Caprioli A, Donelli G et al. Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptosporidium in two patients with leukemia // Am J Infect Control. 1990. — Vol.18, N 2.-P.127−128.
- Gentile G, Venditti M, Micozzi A et al. Cryptosporidiosis in patients with hematologic malignancies // Rev. Infect. Dis. 1991. — Vol. 13.- P. 842−846.
- Gibbons, C. L., B. G. G. Gazzard, M. Ibrahim, S. Morris-Jones, C. S. L. Ong, and F. M. Awad-El-Kariem. Correlation between markers of strain variation in Cryptosporidium parvum: evidence of clonality // Parasitol. Int. 1998. — Vol. 47. -P.139−147.
- Gibbons CL, Ong CS, Miao Y et al. PCR-ELISA: a new simplified tool for tracing the source of cryptosporidiosis in HIV-positive patients // Parasitol Res. 2001.-Vol.87,N12.-P.1031−1034.
- Giles, M., K. A. Webster, J. A. Marshall, J. Catchpole, and Т. M. Goddard. Experimental infection of a lamb with Cryptosporidium parvum genotype 1. Vet. Rec.-2001.-Vol. 149.-P.523−525.
- Girouard D, Gallant J, Akiyoshi DE, Nunnari J, Tzipori S. Failure to propagate Cryptosporidium spp. in cell-free culture // J Parasitol. 2006. — Vol.92, N 2. — P.399−400.
- Glaberman, S., I. M. Sulaiman, C. Bern, J. Limor, M. M. Peng, U. Morgan, R. Gilman, A. A. Lai, and L. Xiao. A multilocus genotypic analysis of Cryptosporidium meleagridis // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. — 2001, Suppl.— P.19S-22S.
- Glaberman S, Moore JE, Lowery CJ, Chalmers RM, Sulaiman I, Elwin K, Rooney PJ, Millar ВС, Dooley JS, Lai AA, Xiao L. Three drinking-water-associated cryptosporidiosis outbreaks, Northern Ireland // Emerg Infect Dis. -2002. Vol.8, N 6. — P.631−633.
- Glaeser C, Grimm F, Mathis A, Weber R, Nadal D, Deplazes P Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from diarrheic children in Switzerland // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004. — Vol. 23. — P. 359−361.
- Glaser CA, Angulo FJ, Rooney JA. Animal-associated opportunistic infections among persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus // Clin Infect Dis. 1994. — Vol. 18, N 1. — P. 14−24.
- Gobet P, Toze S. Relevance of Cryptosporidium parvum hsp70 mRNA amplification as a tool to discriminate between viable and dead oocysts // J Parasitol. 200la. — Vol.87, N 1. — P.226−229.
- Gobet P, Toze S. Sensitive genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum by PCR-RFLP analysis of the 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP70) gene // FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001b. — Vol.200, N 1. -P.37−41.
- Godwin ТА. Cryptosporidiosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a study of 15 autopsy cases//Hum Pathol. 1991.-Vol.22, N 12.-P. 1215−1224.
- Goh S, Reacher M, Casemore DP et al. Sporadic cryptosporidiosis, North Cumbria, England, 1996−2000 // Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2004. — Vol. 10. — P. 10 071 015.
- Gomez Morales MA, Pozio E, Croppo GP. Serodiagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in Italian HIV-positive patients by means of an oocyst soluble antigen in an ELISA // J Infect. 1992. — Vol.25, N 2. — P.229−236.
- Gomez Morales MA, Ausiello CM, Urbani F, Pozio E. Crude extract and recombinant protein of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts induce proliferation ofhuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro // J. Infect. Dis. — 1995. Vol. 172, N2.-P. 211−216.
- Gomez Morales MA, Ausiello CM, Guarino A et al. Severe, protracted intestinal cryptosporidiosis associated with interferon-deficiency: pediatric case report // Clin. Infect. Dis. 1996. — Vol. 22, N 8. — P. 848−850.
- Gomez-Couso H, Mendez-Hermida F, Castro-Hermida JA, Ares-Mazas E. Cooking mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) by steam does not destroy the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum // J Food Prot. 2006. — Vol.69, N 4. — P.948−950.
- Goodgame RW, Genta RM, White AC, Chappell CL. Intensity of infection in AIDS-associated cryptosporidiosis // J Infect Dis. 1993. — Vol.167, N 3. -P.704−709.
- Gottschalk, C. Beitrag zur Faunistik der Vogelkokzidien Thuringens und Sachsens // Beitr. Vogelkd. 1972. — Vol. 18. — P.61−69.
- Graczyk, Т. К., M. R. Cranfield, J. Mann, and J. D. Strandberg. Intestinal Cryptosporidium sp. infection in the Egyptian tortoise, Testudo kleinmanni // Int. J. Parasitol. 1998. — Vol. 28. — P. 1885−1888.
- Griffiths Ж. Human cryptosporidiosis: epidemiology, transmission, clinical disease, treatment, and diagnosis // Adv Parasitol. 1998. — Vol.40. — P. 37−85.
- Grinberg A, Lopez-Villalobos N, Pomroy W, Widmer G, Smith H, Tait A. Host-shaped segregation of the Cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotype repertoire // Epidemiol Infect. 2008. — Vol.136, N 2. — P.273−278.
- Grube H, Ramratnam В, Ley С, Flanigan TP. Resolution of AIDS associated cryptosporidiosis after treatment with indinavir // Am J Gastroenterol. 1997. — Vol.92, N 4. — P.726.
- Guarino A, Spagnuolo MI, Giacomet V et al. Effects of nutritional rehabilitation on intestinal function and on CD4 cell number in children with HIV // J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002. — Vol.34, N 4. — P.366−371.
- Guerin JM, Malebranche R, Elie R et al. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: specific aspects of the disease in Haiti // Arm N Y Acad Sci. 1984. -Vol.437. -P.254−263.
- Guerrant RL. Cryptosporidiosis: an emerging, highly infectious threat // Emerg Infect Dis. 1997.-Vol.3, N 1.-P.51−57.
- Gunthard M, Meister T, Luthy R, Weber R. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis in HIV infection: clinical features, course and therapy // Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1996. Vol. 121, N 21. — P.686−692.
- Guy, J. S., M. G. Levy, D. H. Ley, H. J. Barnes, and Т. M. Gerig. 1987. Experimental reproduction of enteritis in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) with Cryptosporidium and reovirus // Avian Dis. 1987. — Vol. 31.- P.713−722.
- Guyot K, Follet-Dumoulin A, Lelievre E et al. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from humans in France // J Clin Microbiol. 2001. Vol.39, N 10. — P.3472−3480.
- Hajdusek O, Ditrich O, Slapeta J Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in animal and human hosts from the Czech Republic // Vet Parasitol. 2004. — Vol. 122. — P. l83−192.
- Hampton, J. С., В. Rosario. The attachment of protozoan parasites to intestinalepithelial cells of the mouse // J. Parasitol. 1966. — Vol. 52. — P.939−949.
- Hayward AR, Levy J, Facchetti F et al. Cholangiopathy and tumours of the pancreas, liver and biliary tree in boys with X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM syndrome // J. Immunol. 1997. — Vol. 158. — P. 977−983.
- Hellard M, Hocking J, Willis J, Dore G, Fairley C. Risk factors leading to Cryptosporidium infection in men who have sex with men // Sex Transm Infect. 2003. Vol.79, N 5. -P.412−414.
- Hewitt RG, Yiannoutsos CT, Higgs ES et al. Azithromycin therapy for ryptosporidium parvum infection in four children infected with human immunodeficiency virus // J. Pediatr. 1996. — Vol. 129. — P. 297−300.
- Higgins JA, Fayer R, Trout JM et al. Real-time PCR for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum // J Microbiol Methods. 2001. — Vol.47, N 3. — P.323−337.
- Hijjawi NS, Meloni BP, Ng’anzo M et al. Complete development of Cryptosporidium parvum in host cell-free culture // Int J Parasitol. 2004. -Vol.34, N 7. — P.769−777.
- Hlavsa MC, Watson JC, and Beach MJ Cryptosporidiosis surveil-lance, United States 1999−2002 // MMWR Surveill Summ. 2005. — Vol. 54. — P. 1−8.
- Hoerr, F. J., W. L. Current, and Т. B. Haynes. Fatal cryptosporidiosis in quail//Avian Dis. 1986.-Vol. 30. -P.421−425.
- Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Von Bargen JC et al. Possible effectiveness of clarithromycin and rifabutin for cryptosporidiosis chemoprophylaxis in HIV disease. HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators // JAMA. 1998. — Vol. 279. -P. 384−386.
- Hoover, D. M., F. J. Hoerr, W. W. Carlton, E. J. Hinsman, and H. W. Ferguson Enteric cryptosporidiosis in a naso tang, Naso lituratus Bloch Schneider // J. Fish Dis. 1981. — N 4. — P.425−428.
- Houpt ER, Bushen OY, Sam NE et al. Short report: asymptomatic Cryptosporidium hominis infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Tanzania // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005. — Vol.73, N 3. -P.520−522.
- Hsu, В. M., and H. H. Yeh. Removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water treatment: a pilot-scale study // Water Res. 2003. — Vol. 37. — P.1111−1117.
- Hung CC, Tsaihong JC, Lee YT et al. Prevalence of intestinal infection due to Cryptosporidium species among Taiwanese patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection // J Formos Med Assoc. 2007. — Vol.106, N 1. -P.31−35.
- Hunter PR, Nichols G. Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients // Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002. Vol.15, N 1.-P.145−154.
- Hunter PR, Chalmers RM, Syed Q, Hughes LS, Woodhouse S, Swift L Foot and mouth disease and cryptosporidiosis: possible interaction between two emerging infectious diseases // Emerg Infect Dis .- 2003. Vol. 9. — P. 109−112.
- Hunter PR, Hughes S, Woodhouse S, Raj N, Syed Q, Chalmers RM, Ver-lander NQ, Goodacre J Health sequelae of human cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent patients // Clin Infect Dis. 2004a. — Vol. 39. — P. 504−510.
- Hunter PR, Hughes S, Woodhouse S et al. Sporadic cryptosporidiosis case-control study with genotyping // Emerg Infect Dis. 2004b. — Vol.10, N 7. -P.1241−1249.
- Hunter PR, Thompson RC. The zoonotic transmission of Giardia and Cryptosporidium // Int J Parasitol. 2005. — Vol.35, N 11/12. — P. l 181−1190.
- Inman, L. R., and A. Takeuchi. 1979. Spontaneous cryptosporidiosis in an adult female rabbit // Vet. Pathol. 1979. — Vol. 16. — P.89−95.
- Inungu JN, Morse AA, Gordon C. Risk factors, seasonality, and trends of cryptosporidiosis among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000. — Vol.62, N 3. — P.384−387.
- Iseki, M. Cryptosporidium felis sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriorina) from the domestic cat // Jpn. J. Parasitol. 1979. — Vol. 28. -P.285−307.
- Iseki, M., T. Maekawa, K. Moriya, S. Uni, and S. Takada. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium muris (strain RN 66) in various laboratory animals. Parasitol. Res. 1989.- Vol.75. -P.218−222.
- Ives NJ, Gazzard BG, Easterbrook PJ. The changing pattern of AIDS-defining illnesses with the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)in a London clinic // J Infect. 2001. — Vol.42, N 2. — P. 134−9.
- Jablonowski H, Szelenyi H, Becker K, Lubke HJ, Borchard F, Strohmeyer G, Hengels KJ. Sclerosing cholangitis with papillary stenosis in an HIV-infected patients with Cryptosporidium infection // Z Gastroenterol. 1994. — Vol.32, N 8. -P.441−443.
- Jakobi V, Petiy F. Humoral immune response in IL-12 and IFN-gamma deficient mice after infection with Cryptosporidium parvum // Parasite Immunol.-2008. Vol.30, N 3. -P.151−161.
- Janoff EN, Limas C, Gebhard RL, Penley KA. Cryptosporidial carriage without symptoms in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) // Ann Intern Med. 1990. — Vol.112, N 1. — P.75−76.
- Jellison KL, Hemond HF, Schauer DB Sources and species of Cryptosporidium oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir watershed // Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002. — Vol. 68. — P.569−575.
- Jervis, H. R., T. G. Merrill, and H. Sprinz. Coccidiosis in the guinea pig small intestine due to a Cryptosporidium // Am. J. Vet. Res. — 1966. — Vol. 27. P. 408−414.
- Joachim A. Human cryptosporidiosis: an update with special emphasis on the situation in Europe // J Vet Med В Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2004. -Vol.51, N 6.-P.251−259.
- Johnston SP, Ballard MM, Beach MJ, Causer L, Wilkins PP. Evaluation of three commercial assays for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium organisms in fecal specimens // J Clin Microbiol. 2003. — Vol.41, N 2. — P.623−626.
- Jordan WC. Clarithromycin prophylaxis against Cryptosporidium enteritis in patients with AIDS // J. Natl Med. Assoc. 1996. — Vol. 88. — P. 425127.
- Jougla E, Pequignot F, Carbon С et al. AIDS-related conditions: study of a representative sample of 1203 patients deceased in 1992 in France // Int J Epidemiol. 1996.-Vol.25, N 1.-P.190−197.
- Kadappu KK, Nagaraja MV, Rao PV, Shastry BA. Azithromycin as treatment for cryptosporidiosis in human immunodeficiency virus disease // J. Postgrad. Med. 2002. — Vol. 48. — P. 179−181.
- Kaneta, Y., and Y. Nakai. 1998. Survey of Cryptosporidium oocysts from adult cattle in a slaughter house // J. Vet. Med. Sci. 1998. — Vol. 60. — P.585−588.
- Kang G, Srivastava A, Pulimood AB, Dennison D, Chandy M. Etiology of diarrhea in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in South India // Transplantation. 2002. — Vol.73, N 8. — P. 1247−1251.
- Karasudani T, Aoki S, Takeuchi J et al. Sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in environ-mental water samples by reverse transcription-PCR // Jpn J Infect Dis. 2001. — Vol. 54. — P. 122−124.
- Kassa M, Comby E, Lemeteil D, Brasseur P, Ballet JJ. Characterization of anti-Cryptosporidium IgA antibodies in sera from immunocompetent individuals and HIV-infected patients // J Protozool. 1991. — Vol.38, N 6. — P.179S-180S.
- Kazlow PG, Shah K, Benkov KJ, Dische R, LeLeiko NS. Esophageal cryptosporidiosis in a child with acquired immune deficiency syndrome // Gastroenterology. 1986. — Vol.91, N 5. — P. 1301−1303.
- Kehl KS, Cicirello H, Havens PL. Comparison of four different methods for detection of Cryptosporidium species // J Clin Microbiol. 1995. — Vol.33, N 2. — P.416−418.
- Keusch GT, Hamer D, Joe A, Kelley M, Griffiths J, Ward H. Cryptosporidia—who is at risk? // Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1995. — Vol.125, N 18. — P.899−908.
- Khalakdina A, Tabnak F, Sun RK, Colford JM Jr. Race/ethnicity and other risk of factors associated with cryptosporidiosis as an initial AIDS-defining condition in California, 1980−99 // Epidemiol Infect. 2001. — Vol.127, N 3. -P.535−543.
- Kiang KM, Scheftel JM, Leano FT et al. Recurrent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis associated with calves among students at an educational farmprogramme, Minnesota, 2003 // Epidemiol Infect. 2006. — Vol.134, N 4. — P.878−886.
- Kim LS, Hadley WK, Stansell J, Cello JP, Koch J. Declining prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in San Francisco // Clin Infect Dis. 1998a. — Vol.27, N 3. — P.655−656.
- Kim LS, Stansell J, Cello JP, Koch J. Discrepancy between sex- and water-associated risk behaviors for cryptosporidiosis among HIV-infected patients in San Francisco // J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998b. — Vol.19, N 1. -P.44−49.
- Koudela, В., and D. Modry. New species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa, Cryptosporidiidae) from lizards // Folia Parasitol. 1998. — Vol. 45. -P.93−100.
- Koudela, В., D. Modry, and J. Vitovec. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium muris isolated from cattle // Vet. Parasitol. 1998. — Vol. 76. — P. 181−188.
- Kozisek F, Craun GF, Cerovska L, Pumann P, Frost F, Muller T. Serological responses to Cryptosporidium-specific antigens in Czech populations with different water sources // Epidemiol Infect. 2008. — Vol.136, N 2. — P.279−286.
- Krasinski K, Borkowsky W, Holzman RS. Prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in children and adolescents // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989.-Vol.8, N4.-P.216−220.
- Ksobiech K, Somlai AM, Kelly JA et al. Demographic characteristics, treatment history, drug risk behaviors, and condom use attitudes for U.S. and
- Russian injection drug users: the need for targeted sexual risk behavior interventions // AIDS Behav. 2005. — Vol.9, N 1. — P. 111−120.
- Laberge I, Griffiths MW, Griffiths MW. Prevalence, detection and control of Cryptosporidium parvum in food // Int J Food Microbiol. 1996. — Vol.32, N ½. -P.1−26.
- Laberge I, Ibrahim A, Barta JR, Griffiths MW. Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in raw milk by PCR and oligonucleotide probe hybridization // Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996. — Vol.62, N 9. — P.3259−3264.
- Lake IR, Harrison FC, Chalmers RM et al. Case-control study of environmental and social factors in-fluencing cryptosporidiosis // Eur J Epidemiol. 2007. Vol.22, N11.- P.805−811.
- Landsberg, J. H., and P. I. 1986. Ultrastructural study of the coccidian Cryptosporidium sp. from stomachs of juvenile cichlid fish. Dis // Aquat. Org. 1986.-Vol.2.-P.13−20.
- Laurent F, McCole D, Eckmann L, Kagnoff MF. Pathogenesis of Cryptosporidium parvum infection // Microbes Infect. 1999. — Vol.1, N 2. -P.141−148.
- Le Blancq, S. M., N. V. Khramtsov, F. Zamani, S. J. Upton, and T. W. Wu. Ribosomal RNA gene organization in Cryptosporidium parvum // Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 1997. — Vol.90. — P.463−478.
- Le Moing V, Bissuel F, Costagliola D et al. Decreased prevalence of intestinal cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients concomitant to the widespread use of protease inhibitors // AIDS. 1998. — Vol.12, N 11. — P.1395−1397.
- Learmonth JJ, Ionas G, Ebbett KA, Kwan ES (2004). Genetic characterization and transmission cycles of Cryptosporidium species isolated from humans in New Zealand // Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004. — Vol. 70. — P. 3973−3978.
- Leoni F, Amar C, Nichols G et al. Genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium from 2414 humans with diarrhoea in England between 1985 and 2000 // J Med Microbiol. 2006. — Vol.55, Pt 6. — P.703−707.
- Levine, N. D. Protozoan parasites of domestic animals and of man.- Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, Minn, 1961.
- Levine, N. D. Some corrections of coccidian (Apicomplexa: Protozoa) nomenclature // J. Parasitol. 1980. — Vol. 66. — P.830−834.
- Levine, N. D. Taxonomy and review of the coccidian genus Cryptosporidium (protozoa, apicomplexa) // J. Protozool. 1984. — Vol. 31. -P.94−98.
- Levine, N. D. Phylum II. Apicomplexa Levine 1970 // J. J. Lee, S. H. Hunter, and E. C. Bovee (ed.), An illustrated guide to the protozoa. Society of Protozoologist.- Allen Press, Lawrence, Kan, 1985. P.322−374.
- Lew EA, Poles MA, Dieterich DT. Diarrheal diseases associated with HIV infection // Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1997. — Vol. 26, N 2. — P.259−290.
- Lim YA, Rohela M, Sim BL, Jamaiah I, Nurbayah M. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients in Kajang Hospital, Selangor. Southeast // Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005. — Vol.36 Suppl. — P. 30−33.
- Limor JR, Lai AA, Xiao L. Detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium parasites that are pathogenic for humans by real-time PCR // J Clin Microbiol. 2002. — Vol.40, N 7. — P.2335−2338.
- Lindquist, H. D., J. W. Bennett, M. Ware, R. E. Stetler, M. Gauci, and F. W. Schaefer. Testing methods for detection of Cryptosporidium spp in water samples // Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health. 2002. — Vol. 32. — P. 190−194.
- Lindsay, D. S., B. L. Blagburn, and C. A. Sundermann. Morphometric comparison of the oocysts of Cryptosporidium meleagridis and Cryptosporidium baileyi from birds // Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 1989. — Vol. 56. — P.91−92.
- Lindsay, D., and B. Blagburn. Cryptosporidiosis in birds // J. P. Dubey, C. A. Speer, and R. Fayer (ed.), Cryptosporidiosis in man and animals. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fl, 1990. — P.133−148.
- Lindsay, D. S., B. L. Blagburn, and F. J. Hoerr. Small intestinal cryptosporidiosis in cockatiels associated with Cryptosporidium baileyi-like oocysts // Avian Dis. 1990. — Vol. 34. — P.791−793.
- Lindsay, D. S., B. L. Blagburn, F. J. Hoerr, and P. C. Smith. Cryptosporidiosis in zoo and pet birds // J. Protozool. 1991. — Vol. 38. — P.180S-181S.
- Lindsay, D. S., S. J. Upton, D. S. Owens, U. M. Morgan, J. R. Mead, and B. L. Blagburn. Cryptosporidium andersoni n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporiidae) from cattle, Bos taurus // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 2000. — Vol. 47. — P.91−95.
- Llorente MT, Clavel A, Varea M et al. Evaluation of an immunochromatographic dip-strip test for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in stool specimens // Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002. — Vol.21, N 8. -P.624−625.
- Llorente MT, Clavel A, Varea M, Pilar Goni M, Sahagun J, Olivera S. Cryptosporidium felis infection, Spain // Emerg Infect Dis. 2006. — Vol.12, N 9. -P.1471−1472.
- Llorente MT, Clavel A, Goni MP et al. Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species from humans in Spain // Parasitol Int. 2007. — Vol.56, N 3.-P.201−205.
- Llovo, J., A. Lopez, J. Fabregas, and A. Munoz. 1993. Interaction of lectins with Cryptosporidium parvum // J. Infect. Dis. 1993. — Vol. 167. — P. 1477−1480.
- Lopez-Velez R, Tarazona R, Garcia Camacho A, Gomez-Mampaso E, Guerrero A, Moreira V, Villanueva R. Intestinal and extraintestinalcryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients // Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995. — Vol.14, N 8. -P.677−681.
- Lowery CJ, Millar ВС, Moore JE et al. Molecular genotyping of human cryptosporidiosis in Northern Ireland: epidemiological aspects and review // Ir J Med Sci. 2001a. — Vol. 170. — P. 246−250.
- Lowery, C. J., J. E. Moore, В. C. Millar, K. A. McCorry, J. Xu, P. J. Rooney, and J. S. Dooley. Occurrence and molecular genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in surface waters in Northern Ireland // J. Appl. Microbiol. — 2001b.-Vol. 91. -P.774−779.
- Luft, B. J., D. Payne, D. Woodmansee, and C. W. Kim. Characterization of the Cryptosporidium antigens from sporulated oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum // Infect. Immun. 1987. — Vol. 55. — P. 2436−2441.
- Lumadue JA, Manabe YC, Moore RD, Belitsos PC, Sears CL, Clark DP. A clinicopathologic analysis of AIDS-related cryptosporidiosis // AIDS. 1998. — Vol.12, N 18.-P.2459−2466.
- Ma P, Soave R. Three-step stool examination for cryptosporidiosis in 10 homosexual men with protracted watery diarrhea // J Infect Dis. 1983. — Vol.147, N 5. — P.824−828.
- MacKenzie, W. R., J. J. Kazmierczak, and J. P. Davis. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a resort swimming pool // Epidemiol. Infect. -1995.-Vol. 115. P.545−553.
- Maggi P, Larocca AM, Quarto M et al. Effect of antiretroviral therapy on cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 // Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2000. — Vol.19, N 3. -P.213−217.
- Maign6 G, Martinez V, Thellier M et al. Cryptosporidial diarrhoea in two HIV-infected patients: potential efficacy of rifampicin for successful treatment // AIDS. 2007. — Vol.21, N 9. — P.1221−1222.
- Majewska AC, Sulima P, Werner A, Baralkiewicz G, Juszczyk J, Pieniazek NJ. Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-positive patients // Wiad Parazytol. 1999. — Vol.45, N 2. — P.125−128.
- Makni F, Cheikrouhou F, Ayadi A. Parasitoses and immunodepression // Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis. 2000. — Vol.77, N ¼. — P.51−54.
- Maliha GM, Hepps KS, Maia DM et al. Whipple’s disease can mimic chronic AIDS enteropathy // Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 — Vol.86, N 1. — P.79−81.
- Mallon M, MacLeod A, Wastling J et al. Population structures and the role of genetic exchange in the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum // J Mol Evol. 2003. — Vol. 56. — P. 407−417.
- Mallon ME, MacLeod A, Wastling JM, Smith H, Tait A Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum Type 2: population genetics and sub-structuring. Infect Genet Evol 3: 207−18.
- Manabe YC, Clark DP, Moore RD et al. Cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS: correlates of disease and survival // Clin Infect Dis. 1998. — Vol.27, N 3. -P.536−542.
- Martinez I, Belda Neto FM. Contribution to the laboratory diagnosis of human cryptosporidiosis // Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2001. — Vol.43, N 2. -P.79−82.
- Matos О, Tomas A, Aguiar P, Casemore D, Antunes F. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients with diarrhoea in Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon // Folia Parasitol (Praha). 1998. — Vol.45, N 2. — P.163−166.
- Mayr, E. Systematics and the origin of species. Columbia University Press, New York, N. Y, 1942.
- McGowan I, Hawkins AS, Weller IV. The natural history of cryptosporidial diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients // AIDS. 1993. — Vol.7, N 3. — P.349−354.
- Mead, J. R., R. C. Humphreys, D. W. Sammons, and C. R. Sterling. Identification of isolate-specific sporozoite proteins of Cryptosporidium parvum by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis // Infect. Immun. 1990. — Vol. 58. — P.2071−2075.
- Mele R, Gomez Morales MA, Tosini F, Pozio E. Indinavir reduces Cryptosporidium parvum infection in both in vitro and in vivo models // Int J Parasitol. 2003. — Vol.33, N 7. -P.757−764.
- Mendes Maia, A., S. Ogassawara, H. Pena, and A. Hoge. 1995. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp in the faces of bovines in Montes Claros, MG, Brazil // Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 1995. — Vol. 47. — P.717−719.
- Mengesha B. Cryptosporidiosis among medical patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia // East Afr Med J. 1994. — Vol.71, N 6. — P.376−378.
- Mercado R, Garcia M. Asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in an infant // Bol Chil Parasitol. 1994. — Vol.49, N ¾. — P.71−72.
- Mercado R, Buck GA, Manque PA, Ozaki LS. Cryptosporidium hominis infection of the human respiratory tract // Emerg Infect Dis. 2007. — Vol.13, N 3. — P.462−464.
- Messner MJ, Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC. Risk assessment for Cryptosporidium: a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of human dose response data // Water Res. 2001. — Vol.35, N 16. — P.3934−3940.
- Miao YM, Awad-El-Kariem FM, Franzen С et al. Eradication of Cryptosporidia and microsporidia following successful antiretroviral therap // J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000. — Vol.25, N 2. — P.124−129.
- Millar ВС, Finn M, Xiao L, Lowery С J, Dooley JSG, Moore JE Cryptosporidium in foodstuffs: an emerging aetiological route of human foodborne illness // Trends Food Sci Technol. 2002. — Vol. 3, N 1. — P. 168−187.
- Millard PS, Gensheimer KF, Addiss DG et al. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis from fresh-pressed apple cider // JAMA. 1994. — Vol.272, N 20. -P.l 592−1596.
- Miller JR. Decreasing cryptosporidiosis among HIV-infected persons in New York City, 1995−1997 // J Urban Health. 1998. — Vol.75, N 3. — P.601−602.
- Miller WA, Atwill ER, Gardner IA et al. Clams (Corbicula fluminea) as bioindicators of fecal contamination with Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. infreshwater ecosystems in California // Int J Parasitol. 2005a. — Vol.35, N 6. — P.673−684.
- Miller WA, Miller MA, Gardner IA et al. New genotypes and factors associated with Cryptosporidium detection in mussels (Mytilus spp.) along the California coast // Int. J. Parasitol. 2005b. — Vol. 35, N 10. — P. 1103−1113.
- Miller WA, Gardner IA, Atwill ER et al. Evaluation of methods for improved detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in mussels (Mytilus californianus) // J Microbiol Methods. 2006. — Vol.65, N 3. — P.367−379.
- Miron, D., J. Kenes, and R. Dagan. 1991. Calves as a source of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among young children in an agricultural closed community // Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 1991. — Vol. 10. — P. 438−441.
- Miron D, Colodner R, Kenes Y. Age-related seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium in northern Israel // Isr Med Assoc J. 2000. — Vol.2, N 5. — P.343−345.
- Моего ft A, Sabin С A, Youle M et al. Changes in AIDS-defining illnesses in a London Clinic, 1987−1998 // J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999. — Vol.21, N 5. -P.401−407.
- Moles B, Torres L, Milagro A, Gorricho J, Seoane A, Navascues J. Incidence of Cryptosporidium in Zaragoza: an 8-year study (1989−1996) // Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 1998. — Vol.16, N 8. — P.356−358.
- Monge R, Arias ML. Presence of various pathogenic microorganisms in fresh vegetables in Costa Rica // Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1996. — Vol.46, N 4. — P.292−294.
- Monge R, Chinchilla M, Reyes L. Seasonality of parasites and intestinal bacteria in vegetables that are consumed raw in Costa Rica // Rev Biol Trop. -1996. Vol.44, N 2A. — P.369−375.
- Monis PT, Thompson RC Cryptosporidium and Giardia zoonoses: fact or fiction? // Infect Genet Evol. 2003. — Vol. 3. — P. 233−244.
- Monkemuller KE, Call SA, Lazenby AJ, Wilcox CM. Declining prevalence of opportunistic gastrointestinal disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy // Am J Gastroenterol. 2000. — Vol.95, N 2. — P.457−462.
- Moon A, Spivak W, Brandt LJ. Cryptosporidium-induced gastric obstruction in a child with congenital HIV infection: case report and review of the literature // J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1999. — Vol.28, N 1. — P.108−111.
- Morales Gomez MA. Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy and cryptosporidiosis // Parassitologia. 2004. — Vol.46, N ½. — P.95−99.
- Moreno-Camacho A, Lopez-Velez R, Munoz Sanz A, Labarga-Echevarria P. Intestinal parasitic infections and leishmaniasis in patients with HIV infection // En-ferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 1998. — Vol.16 Suppl 1. — P. 52−60.
- Morgan, U. M., С. C. Constantine, D. A. Forbes, and R. C. Thompson. Differentiation between human and animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum using rDNA sequencing and direct PCR analysis // J. Parasitol. 1997. — 83. — P.825−830.
- Morgan, U. M., K. D. Sargent, A. Elliot, and R. C. Thompson. Cryptosporidium in cats—additional evidence for C. felis // Vet. J. 1998a. — Vol. 156. — P.159−161.
- Morgan, U. M., K. D. Sargent, P. Deplazes, D. A. Forbes, F. Spano, H. Hertzberg, A. Elliot, and R. C. Thompson. Molecular characterization of
- Cryptosporidium from various hosts // Parasitology. — 1998a. Vol. 117. — P.31−37.
- Morgan, U. M., D. A. Forbes, and R. C. A. Thompson. Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum infection // Eur. J. Protistol. 1998. — Vol.34. -P.262−266.
- Morgan UM, Buddie JR, Armson A, Elliot A, Thompson RC. Molecular and biological characterisation of Cryptosporidium in pigs // Aust Vet J. 1999a. -Vol.77, N 1.-P.44−47.
- Morgan, U. M., P. T. Monis, R. Fayer, P. Deplazes, and R. C. Thompson. Phylogenetic relationships among isolates of Cryptosporidium: evidence for several new species //J. Parasitol. 1999c. — Vol. 85. -P.l 126−1133.
- Morgan, U. M., L. Xiao, R. Fayer, A. A. Lai, and R. C. Thompson. Variation in Cryptosporidium: towards a taxonomic revision of the genus // Int. J. Parasitol. 1999f.-Vol. 29. — P. 1733−1751.
- Morgan, U., L. Xiao, I. Sulaiman, R. Weber, A. A. Lai, R. C. Thompson, and P. Deplazes. Which genotypes/species of Cryptosporidium are humans susceptible to? // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 1999g. — Vol. 46. — P.42S-43S.
- Morgan, U. M., L. Xiao, J. Limor, S. Gelis, S. R. Raidal, R. Fayer, A. Lai, A. Elliot, and R. C. Thompson. Cryptosporidium meleagridis in an Indian ring-necked parrot (Psittacula krameri) // Aust. Vet. J. 2000a. — Vol. 78. — P. 182−183.
- Morgan, U. M., L. Xiao, B. D. Hill, P. O’Donoghue, J. Limor, A. Lai, and R. C. Thompson Detection of the Cryptosporidium parvum 'human' genotype in a dugong (Dugong dugon) // J. Parasitol. 2000b. — Vol. 86. — P.1352−1354.
- Morgan, U. M., L. Xiao, P. Monis, A. Fall, P. J. Irwin, R. Fayer, К. M. Denholm, J. Limor, A. Lai, and R. C. Thompson. Cryptosporidium spp. in domestic dogs: the 'dog'- genotype // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000c. — Vol. 66. -P.2220−2203.
- Morgan, U. M., L. Xiao, R. Fayer, A. A. Lai, and R. C. Thompson. Epidemiology and strain variation of Cryptosporidium parvum // Contrib. Microbiol. 2000d. — Vol. 6. — P. 116−139.
- Moskovitz BL, Stanton TL, Kusmierek JJ. Spiramycin therapy for cryptosporidial diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients // J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 1988. — Vol. 22, Suppl. B. — P. 189−191.
- Moss DM, Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC, DuPont HL, Arrowood MJ, Hightower AW, Lammie PJ. The antibody response to 27-, 17-, and 15-kDa Cryptosporidium antigens following experimental infection in humans // J Infect Dis. 1998. — Vol.178, N 3. — P.827−833.
- Mtambo, M. M., E. Wright, A. S. Nash, and D. A. Blewett. 1996. Infectivity of a Cryptosporidium species isolated from a domestic cat (Felis domestica) in lambs and mice //Res. Vet. Sci. 1996. Vol. 60. -P.61−64.
- Muench, T. R., and M. R. White. Cryptosporidiosis in a tropical freshwater catfish (Plecostomus spp.) // J. Vet. Diagn. Investig. 1997. — Vol. 9. — P.87−90.
- Murphy, W. J., E. Eizirik, W. E. Johnson, Y. P. Zhang, O. A. Ryder, and S. J. O’Brien. Molecular phylogenetics and the origins of placental mammals // Nature. -2001a. Vol. 409. -P.614−618.
- Musial CE, Arrowood MJ, Sterling CR, Gerba CP. Detection of Cryptosporidium in water by using polypropylene cartridge filters // Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987. — Vol.53, N 4. — P.687−692.
- Muthusamy D, Rao SS, Ramani S et al. Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium sp. isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in South India // J Clin Microbiol. 2006. — Vol.44, N 2. — P.632−634.
- Nacro B, Bonkoungou P, Nagalo К et al. Clinical profile of cryptosporidiosis in a pediatric hospital environment in Burkina Faso // Med Trop (Mars). 1998. — Vol.58, N 1. — P.47−50.
- Navin TR, Juranek DD. Cryptosporidiosis: clinical, epidemiologic, and parasitologic review // Reviews of Infectious Diseases. 1984. — Vol.6, N 3. — P.313−327.
- Neill, M. A., S. K. Rice, N. V. Ahmad, and T. P. Flanigan. Cryptosporidiosis: an unrecognized cause of diarrhea in elderly hospitalized patients // Clin. Infect. Dis. 1996. — Vol. 22 .- P. 168−170.
- Newman RD, Zu SX, Wuhib T et al. Household epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in an urban community in northeast Brazil // Ann Intern Med. 1994. — Vol.120, N 6. -P.500−505.
- Newman, R. D., C. L. Sears, S. R. Moore, J. P. Nataro, T. Wuhib, D. A. Agnew, R. L. Guerrant, and A. A. M. Lima. Longitudinal study of Cryptosporidium infection in children in northeastern Brazil // J. Infect. Dis.. -1999.-Vol.180.-P. 167−175.
- Ng J, Eastwood K, Durrheim D et al. Evidence supporting zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium in rural New South Wales // Exp Parasitol. -2008. — Vol.119,N 1. -P.192−195.
- Nichols, G. L., J. McLauchlin, and D. Samuel. 1991. A technique for typing Cryptosporidium isolates // J. Protozool. 1991. — Vol.38. — P.237S-240S.
- Nimri, L. F., and S. S. Hijazi. 1994. Cryptosporidium. A cause of gastroenteritis in preschool children in Jordan // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1994. — Vol. 19. -P.288−291.
- Nina, J. M., V. McDonald, D. A. Dyson, J. Catchpole, S. Uni, M. Iseki, P. L. Chiodini, and K. P. McAdam. Analysis of oocyst wall and sporozoite antigens from three Cryptosporidium species // Infect. Immun. 1992a. — Vol.60. — P. 1509−1513.
- Nouri M, Karami M. Asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in nomadic shepherds and their sheep // J Infect. 1991. — Vol.23, N 3. — P.331−333.
- Nouri M, Toroghi R. Asymptomatic cryptosporidiosis in cattle and humans in Iran//Vet Rec. 1991. — Vol.128, N 15. — P.358−359.
- Nouri, M. A Cryptosporidium muris like parasite in cattle and camels in Iran // Indian Vet. J. 2002. — Vol.79, N 3. — P.558−559.
- Oberhuber G, Lauer E, Stolte M, Borchard F. Cryptosporidiosis of the appendix vermiformis: a case report // Z Gastroenterol. 1991. — Vol.29, N 11. — P.606−608.
- O’Brien E, Mclnnes L, Ryan U. Cryptosporidium GP60 genotypes from humans and domesticated animals in Australia, North America and Europe // Exp Parasitol. -2008.-Vol.l 18, N l.-P.l 18−121.
- Ochiai Y, Takada. C, Hosaka M. Detection and discrimination of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis in water samples by immunomagnetic separation-PCR // Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005. — Vol.71, N 2. — P.898−903.
- O’Donoghue, P. J. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals // Int. J. Parasitol. 1995. — Vol. 25. -P.139−195.
- Ogunkolade, B. W., H. A. Robinson, V. McDonald, K. Webster, and D. A. Evans. Isoenzyme variation within the genus Cryptosporidium // Parasitol. Res.-1993.-Vol. 79.-P. 385−388.
- O’Keefe EA, Wood R, Van Zyl A, Cariem AK. Human immunodeficiency virus-related abdominal pain in South Africa. Aetiology, diagnosis and survival // Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998. — Vol.33, N 2. — P.212−217.
- Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Jakubowski W, DuPont HL. Susceptibility and serologic response of healthy adults to reinfection with Cryptosporidium parvum // Infect Immun. 1998b. — Vol.66, N 2. — P.441−443.
- Okhuysen, P. С., C. L. Chappell, J. H. Crabb, C. R. Sterling, and H. L. DuPont. Virulence of three distinct Cryptosporidium parvum isolates for healthy adults//J. Infect. Dis. 1999. -Vol. 180.-P. 1275−1281.
- Okome-Nkoumou M, Boguikouma JB, Kombila M. Opportunistic diseases in HIV-infected patients at the Jeanne Ebori Foundation in Libreville // Gabon Med Trop (Mars). 2006. — Vol.66, N 2. — P. 167−171.
- Ong CS, Eisler DL, Goh SH et al. Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks and transmission in British Columbia, Canada // Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1999. — Vol. 61, N 1. — P.63−69.
- Ong CS, Eisler DL, Alikhani A, Fung VW, Tomblin J, Bowie WR, Isaac-Renton JL Novel Cryptosporidium genotypes in sporadic cryptosporidiosis cases: first report of human infections with a cervine genotype // Emerg Infect Dis. -2002. Vol.8. — P. 263−268.
- Ortega, Y. R., R. R. Sheehy, V. A. Cama, К. K. Oishi, and C. R. Sterling. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates of bovine and human origin // J. Protozool. 1991. — Vol. 38. — P.40S-41S.
- Palmieri F, Cicalini S, Froio N et al. Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in an AIDS patient: successful treatment with paromomycin plus azithromycin // Int J STD AIDS. 2005. — Vol.16, N 7. — P.515−517.
- Pande, В. P., В. В. Bhatia, and P. P. S. Chauhan. A new genus and species of cryptosporidiid coccidia from India // Acta Vet. Acad. Sci. Hung. 1972. -Vol. 22.-P.231−234.
- Paperna, I., and M. Vilenkin. Cryptosporidiosis in the gourami Trichogaster leeri: description of a new species and a proposal for a new genus, Piscicryptosporidium, for species infecting fish // Dis. Aquat. Org. — 1996. Vol. 27. — P. 95−101.
- Park JH, Guk SM, Han ET, Shin EH, Kim JL, Chai JY. Genotype analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. prevalent in a rural village in Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea // Korean J Parasitol. 2006. — Vol.44, N 1. — P.27−33.
- Pavlasek, I. Cryptosporidia: biology, diagnosis, host spectrum, specificity, and the environment // Rem. Klin. Mikrobiol. 1991. — Vol. 3. — P.290−301.
- Pavlasek, I. The black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus L.), a new host for Cryptosporidium baileyi (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) // Vet. Med. (Praha). -1993. Vol. 38. — P.629−638.
- Pavlasek, I. Cryptosporidia and other endoparasites in heifers imported into the Czech Republic // Vet. Med. (Praha). 1995. — Vol. 40. — P.333−336.
- Pavlasek, I., M. Lavickova, P. Horak, J. Krai, and B. Krai. Cryptosporidium varanii n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Emerald monitor (Varanus prasinus Schegel, 1893) in captivity at Prague zoo // Gazella. 1995. — Vol. 22. -P. 99−108.
- Pavlasek, I. Findings of Cryptosporidia in the stomach of hens and of exotic and wild birds // Veterinarstvi. 2001. — Vol. 51. — P. 103−108.
- Pedersen C, Danner S, Lazzarin A et al. Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis among European AIDS patients // Genitourin Med. 1996. — Vol.72, N 2. — P. 128 131.
- Pedraza-Diaz, S., C. Amar, and J. McLauchlin. The identification and characterisation of an unusual genotype of Cryptosporidium from human faeces as Cryptosporidium meleagridis // FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2000. — Vol. 189. -P.189−194.
- Pedraza-Diaz S, Amar C, Nichols GL, McLauchlin J Nested poly-merase chain reaction for amplification of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene // Emerg Infect Dis. 2001. — Vol. 7. — P. 49−56.
- Pellerdy, L. Coccidia and coccidiosis. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary, 1965.
- Pellicelli AM, Palmieri F, Spinazzola F et al. Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome // Minerva Med. 1998. — Vol.89, N 5.-P.173−175.
- Репа, H. F., N. Kasai, and S. M. Gennari. Cryptosporidium muris in dairy cattle in Brazil // Vet. Parasitol. 1997. — Vol. 73. — P.353−355.
- Peng, M. M., M. L. Wilson, R. E. Holland, S. R. Meshnick, A. A. Lai, and L. Xiao. Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Michigan: implications for understanding the transmission dynamics // Parasitol. Res. -2003a. Vol. 90. — P.175−180.
- Peng MM, Meshnick SR, Cunliffe NA, Thindwa BD, Hart CA, Broadhead RL, Xiao L Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in Malawi // J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2003b. — Vol. 50, Suppl. — P. 557−559.
- Pereira, S. J., N. E. Ramirez, L. Xiao, and L. A. Ward. Pathogenesis of human and bovine Cryptosporidium parvum in gnotobiotic pigs // J. Infect. Dis. — 2002,-Vol.186.-P.715−718.
- Petersen C. Cryptosporidiosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus // Clin Infect Dis. 1992. — Vol.15, N 6. — P.903−909.
- Petry F. Epidemiological study of Cryptosporidium parvum antibodies in sera of persons from Germany // Infection. 1998. — Vol.26, N 1. — P.7−10.
- Pettoello-Mantovani M, Di Martino L, Dettori G et al. Asymptomatic carriage of intestinal Cryptosporidium in immunocompetent and immunodeficient children: a prospective study // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995. — Vol.14, N 12. — P. 1042−1047.
- Pieniazek NJ, Bornay-Llinares FJ, Slemenda SB et al. New Cryptosporidium genotypes in HIV-infected persons // Emerg Infect Dis. 1999. — Vol.5, N 3. — P.444−449.
- Pinlaor S, Mootsikapun P, Pinlaor P et al. Detection of opportunistic and non-opportunistic intestinal parasites and liver flukes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative subjects // Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005. — Vol.36, N 4. -P.841−845.
- Pita-Fernandez L, Vargas-Castrillon J, Pazos C, Gallego I, Garcia-Monzon C. Colitis by Cryptosporidium as initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome // Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2006. — Vol.98, N 8. — P.621−623.
- Pitlik SD, Fainstein V, Garza D et al. Human cryptosporidiosis: spectrum of disease. Report of six cases and review of the literature // Arch Intern Med. 1983. — Vol. 143, N 12. — P.2269−2275.
- Portnoy D, Whiteside ME, Buckley E III, MacLeod CL. Treatment of intestinal cryptosporidiosis with spiramycin // Ann. Intern. Med. — 1984. Vol. 101. -P.202−204.
- Pouillot R, Beaudeau P, Denis JB, Derouin F. AFSSA Cryptosporidium Study Group. A quantitative risk assessment of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in France using second-order Monte Carlo simulation // Risk Anal. 2004. — Vol.24, N 1.-P.1−17.
- Pozio E, Rivasi F. Caccio SM Infection with Cryptosporidium hominis and reinfection with Cryptosporidium parvum in a transplanted ileum // APMIS. -2004. Vol. 112. — P. 309−313.
- Pozio E. Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy and opportunistic protozoan infections // Parassitologia. 2004. — Vol.46, N 1−2. — P.89−93.
- Pozio E, Morales MA. The impact of HTV-protease inhibitors on opportunistic parasites // Trends Parasitol. 2005. — Vol.21, N 2. — P.58−63.
- Preiser G, Preiser L, Madeo L. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among veterinary science students who work with calves // J Am Coll Health. 2003. — Vol.51, N 5.-P.213−215.
- Pretty, J. N., C. Brett, D. Gee, R. E. Hine, C. F. Mason, J. I. L. Morison, H. Raven, M. D. Rayment, and G. van der Bijl. An assessment of the total external costs of UK agriculture // Agric. Syst. 2000. — Vol. 65. — P. l 13−136.
- Priest JW, Li A, Khan M et al. Enzyme immunoassay detection of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in longitudinal serum samples from human cryptosporidiosis patients // Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. — 2001. Vol. 8. — P. 415−423.
- Proctor, S. J., and R. L. Kemp. 1974. Cryptosporidium anserinum sp. N. (Sporozoa) in a domestic goose Anser anser L., from Iowa // J. Protozool. — 1974. Vol. 21.- P.664−666.
- Quiroz ES, Bern C, MacArthur JR et al. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis linked to a foodhandler // J Infect Dis. 2000. — Vol. 181. — P. 695−700.
- Raccurt CP, Brasseur P, Verdier RI et al. Human cryptosporidiosis and Cryptosporidium spp. in Haiti // Trop Med Int Health. 2006. — Vol.11, N 6. -P.929−934.
- Raccurt CP. Worldwide human zoonotic cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium felis // Parasite. 2007. — Vol.14, N 1. — P. 15−20.
- Ramakrishnan K, Shenbagarathai R, Uma A et al. Thirumalaikolundusubramanian P. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in HIV/AIDS patients with diarrhea in Madurai City, South India // Jpn J Infect Dis. -2007. Vol.60, N 4. — P.209−210.
- Ramratnam B, Flanigan TP. Cryptosporidiosis in persons with HIV infection // Postgrad Med J. 1997. — Vol.73, N 865. — P.713−716.
- Rao Ajjampur SS, Asirvatham JR, Muthusamy D et al. Clinical features & risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis in HIV infected adults in India // Indian J Med Res. 2007. — Vol.126. — P. 553−557.
- Ravn P, Lundgren JD, Kjaeldgaard P et al. Nosocomial outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients // BMJ. 1991. — Vol.302, N 6771. — P.277−280.
- Reeders JW, Yee J, Gore RM et al. Gastrointestinal infection in the immunocompromised (AIDS) patient // Eur Radiol. 2004. — Vol.14, Suppl 3. -P.E84−102.
- Ribeiro PC, Pile E, Queiroz MM, Norberg AN, Tenorio JR. Cryptosporidiosis occurrence in HIV+ patients attended in a hospital // Brazil Rev Saude Publica. 2004. — Vol.38, N 3. — P.469−470.
- Richardson AJ, Frankenberg RA, Buck AC et al. An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in Swindon and Oxfordshire // Epidemiol Infect. 1991. -Vol.107, N3.-P.485−495.
- Riggs MW. Recent advances in cryptosporidiosis: the immune response // Microbes Infect. 2002. — Vol. 4, N 10. — P. l067−1080.
- Rigo CR, Franco RM. Comparison between the modified Ziehl-Neelsen and Acid-Fast-Trichrome methods for fecal screening of Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli // Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2002. — Vol.35, N 3. — P.209−214.
- Rimhanen-Finne R, Horman A, Ronkainen P, Hanninen ML An IC-PCR method for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in natural surface wa-ters in Finland // J Microbiol Methods. 2002. -Vol. 50. — P. 299−303.
- Ritter, G. D., D. H. Ley, M. Levy, J. Guy, and H. J. Barnes. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis and reovirus isolation from bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) with enteritis // Avian Dis. 1986. — Vol. 30. — P.603−608.
- Robertson B, Sinclair MI, Forbes AB, Veitch M, Kirk M, Cunliffe D, Willis J, Fairley CK Case-control studies of sporadic cryptosporidiosis in Mel-bourne and Adelaide, Australia // Epidemiol Infect. 2002. — Vol. 128. — P. 419−431.
- Robertson LJ, Gjerde B. Isolation and enumeration of Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and Ascaris eggs from fruits and vegetables // J Food Prot. 2000. — Vol.63, N 6. — P.775−778.
- Robertson LJ, Gjerde B. Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw waters in Norway // Scand J Public Health. 2001. — Vol.29, N 3. -P.200−207.
- Robertson LJ, Gjerde В Occurrence of parasites on fruits and vege-tables in Norway // J Food Prot. 2001. — Vol. 64. — P. 1793−1798.
- Robertson LJ, Johannessen GS, Gjerde BK, Loncarevic S. Microbiological analysis of seed sprouts in Norway // Int J Food Microbiol. 2002. — Vol.75, N ½.-P.l 19−126.
- Robinson P, Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL et al. Substance P expression correlates with severity of diarrhea in cryptosporidiosis // J Infect Dis. 2003. — Vol.188, N 2.-P.290−296.
- Rondanelli EG, Scaglia M. Atlas of Human Protozoa. Masson, Milan, Paris and Bonn, 1993.
- Rosales MJ, Cordon GP, Moreno MS, Sanchez CM. Extracellular like-gregarine stages of Cryptosporidium parvum // Acta Trop. 2005. — Vol.95, N 1. -P.74−78.
- Rosenblatt JE, Sloan LM. Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in stool specimens // J Clin Microbiol. 1993. — Vol.31,N 6. — P. 1468−1471.
- Rossi P, Rivasi F, Codeluppi M et al. Gastric involvement in AIDS associated cryptosporidiosis // Gut. 1998. — Vol.43, N 4. — P.476−477.
- Rossignol JF, Hidalgo H, Feregrino M et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of nitazoxanide in the treatment of cryptosporidial diarrhoea in AIDS patients in Mexico // Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1998. — Vol. 92. — P. 663−666.
- Rossignol JF, Ayoub A, Ayers MS. Treatment of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study of nitazoxanide // J. Infect. Dis. 2001. — Vol. 184. — P. 103−106.
- Rossignol JF. Nitazoxanide in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related cryptosporidiosis: results of the United States compassionate useprogram in 365 patients // Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006. — Vol.24, N 5. -P.887−894.
- Roy SL, DeLong SM, Stenzel SA et al. Risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis among immunocompetent persons in the United States from 1999−2001 // J Clin Microbiol. 2004. — Vol. 42. — P. 2944−2951.
- Ryan, U. M., L. Xiao, C. Read, I. M. Sulaiman, P. Monis, A. A. Lai, R. Fayer, and I. Pavlasek. A redescription of Cryptosporidium galli Pavlasek, 1999 (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from birds // J. Parasitol. 2003a. — Vol. 89. -P.809−813.
- Ryan UM, Samarasinghe B, Read С et al. Identification of a novel Cryptosporidium genotype in pigs // Appl Environ Microbiol. — 2003b. Vol.69, N 7. — P.3970−3974.
- Ryan U, Xiao L, Read С et al. Identification of novel Cryptosporidium genotypes from the Czech Republic // Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003c. — Vol. 69. -P. 4302−4307.
- Ryan UM, Monis P, Enemark HL et al. Cryptosporidium suis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in pigs (Sus scrofa) // J Parasitol. 2004. — Vol.90, N 4.-P.769−773.
- Saez-Llorens X, Odio CM, Umana MA, Morales MV. Spiramycin vs. placebo for treatment of acute diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium // Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 1989. — Vol. 8. — P. 136−140.
- Saksirisampant W, Eampokalap B, Rattanasrithong M et al. A prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections among Thai HIV-infected patients // J Med Assoc Thai. 2002. — Vol.85, Suppl 1. — P. S424−428.
- Saltzberg DM, Kotloff KL, Newman JL, Fastiggi R. Cryptosporidium infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: not always a poor prognosis // J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991. — Vol.13, N 1. -P.94−97.
- Samson VE, Brown WR. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in AIDS-associated cryptosporidiosis. More than an incidental finding? // J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996. — Vol.22, N 4. — P.311−312.
- Sanad MM, Al-Malki JS. Cryptosporidiosis among immunocompromised patients in Saudi Arabia // J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2007. — Vol.37, N 2, Suppl. -P.765−774.
- Sanchez-Mejorada G, Ponce-de-Leon S. Clinical patterns of diarrhea in AIDS: etiology and prognosis // Rev Invest Clin. 1994. — Vol.46, N 3. — P. 187 196.
- Sandhu SK, Priest JW, Lammie PJ et al. The natural history of antibody responses to Cryptosporidium parasites in men at high risk of HIV infection // J Infect Dis. 2006. — Vol.194, N 10. — P.1428−1437.
- Sarfati C, Bourgeois A, Menotti J et al. Prevalence of intestinal parasites including microsporidia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006. — Vol.74, N 1. — P.162−164.
- Satoh, M., K. Hikosaka, T. Sasaki, Y. Suyama, T. Yanai, M. Ohta, and Y. Nakai. 2003. Characteristics of a novel type of bovine Cryptosporidium andersoni // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2003. — Vol. 69. — P.691−692.
- Shigematsu M, Nagano Y, Millar ВС et al. Molecular detection and identification of Cryptosporidium species in lettuce employing nested small-subunit rRNA PCR and direct automated sequencing // Br J Biomed Sci. 2007. — Vol.64, N3.-P.133−135.
- Sidhu S, Flamm S, Chopra S. Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: an incidental finding in a patient with AIDS and cryptosporidial diarrhea // Am J Gastroenterol. 1994. — Vol.89, N 9. — P. 1578−1579.
- Singh HR, Singh NG, Singh ТВ. Estimation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in Manipur // Indian J Med Microbiol. -2007. Vol.25, N 2. — P. 126−132.
- Slavin, D. 1955. Cryptosporidium meleagridis (sp. nov.) // J. Сотр. Pathol. -1955. Vol. 65. -P.262−270.
- Slifko TR, Smith HV, Rose JB (2000). Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food // Int J Parasitol. 2000. — Vol. 30. — P. 1379−1393.
- Smerdon WJ, Nichols T, Chalmers RM et al. Foot and mouth disease in livestock and reduced cryptosporidiosis in humans, England and Wales // Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2003. — Vol. 9, N 1. — P. 22−28.
- Smith H, Nichols RA. Zoonotic protozoa food for thought // Parassitologia. -2006.-Vol.48, N ½.-P. 101−104.
- Smith HV, Corcoran GD. New drugs and treatment for cryptosporidiosis // Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004. — Vol.17, N 6. — P.557−564.
- Smith HV, Nichols RA, Grimason AM. Cryptosporidium excystation and invasion: getting to the guts of the matter // Trends Parasitol. 2005. — Vol.21, N 3. -P.133−142.
- Smith HV, Caccio SM, Tait A et al. Tools for investigating the environmental transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections in humans // Trends Parasitol. 2006. — Vol.22, N 4. — P. 160−167.
- Smith KE, Stenzel SA, Bender JB et al. Outbreaks of enteric infections caused by multiple pathogens associated with calves at a farm day camp // Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004. — Vol.23, N 12. — P. 1098−1104.
- Smith NH, Cron S, Valdez LM, Chappell CL, White AC Jr. Combination drug therapy for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS // J Infect Dis. 1998. — Vol.178, N 3. -P.900−903.
- Sopwith W, Osborn K, Chalmers R, Regan M. The changing epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in North West England // Epidemiol. Infect. 2005. — Vol. 133.-P. 785−793.
- Sorvillo F, Beall G, Turner PA, Beer VL, Kovacs AA, Kraus P, Masters D, Kerndt PR. Seasonality and factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among individuals with HIV infection // Epidemiol Infect. 1998. — Vol.121, N 1. -P. 197−204.
- Sorvillo FJ, Lieb LE, Kerndt PR, Ash LR. Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Los Angeles County // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994. — Vol.51, N 3. — P.326−331.
- Spano F, Putignani L, Crisanti A et al. Multilocus genotypic analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates from different hosts and geographical origins // J Clin Microbiol. 1998b. — Vol.36, N 11. — P.3255−3259.
- Sreter, Т., and I. Varga. Cryptosporidiosis in birds—a review // Vet. Parasitol. -2000. Vol. 87.- P.261−279.
- Sreter, Т., Z. Egyed, Z. Szell, G. Kovacs, M. Nikolausz, K. Marialigeti, and I. Varga. Morphologic, host specificity, and genetic characterization of a European Cryptosporidium andersoni isolate // J. Parasitol. 2000. — Vol.86. — P.1244−1249.
- Stantic-Pavlinic, M., L. Xiao, S. Glaberman, A. A. Lai, T. Orazen, A. Rataj-Verglez, J. Logar, and I. Berce. Cryptosporidiosis associated with animal contacts // Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 2003. — Vol. 115. — P. l25−127.
- Striepen B, Pruijssers AJ, Huang J et al. Gene transfer in the evolution of parasite nucleotide biosynthesis // Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2001. — Vol. 101, P. 3154−3159.
- Sulaiman, I. M., X. L., C. Yang, L. Escalante, A. Moore, С. B. Beard, M. J. Arrowood, and A. A. Lai. Differentiating human from animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum // Emerg. Infect. Dis. 1998. — Vol. 4. — P.681−685.
- Sulaiman, I. M., A. A. Lai, M. J. Arrowood, and L. Xiao. Biallelic polymorphism in the intron region of beta-tubulin gene of Cryptosporidium parasites //J. Parasitol. 1999. — Vol. 85. — P. 154−157.
- Sulaiman, I. M., U. M. Morgan, R. C. Thompson, A. A. Lai, and L. Xiao.2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP70) gene // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000. -Vol.66.-P. 2385−2391.
- Sulaiman, I. M., A. A. Lai, and L. Xiao. A population genetic study of the Cryptosporidium parvum human genotype parasites // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol.2001. Suppl. — P.24S-27S.
- Sulaiman, I. M., A. A. Lai, and L. Xiao. Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary relationships of Cryptosporidium parasites at the actin locus // J. Parasitol. 2002. — Vol. 88. — P.388−394.
- Sulaiman IM, Hira PR, Zhou L et al. Unique endemicity of cryptosporidiosis in children in Kuwait // J. Clin. Microbiol. 2005. — Vol. 43, N 6. — P. 2805−2809.
- Sunnotel O, Lowery CJ, Moore JE, Dooley JS, Xiao L, Millar ВС, Rooney PJ, Snelling WJ. Cryptosporidium // Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006. — Vol.43, N 1. -P.7−16.
- Tadesse A, Kassu A. Intestinal parasite isolates in AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea in Gondar Teaching Hospital, North west Ethiopia // Ethiop Med J. 2005. — Vol.43, N 2. — P.93−96.
- Takacs J, Amirkhanian YA, Kelly JA, Kirsanova AV, Khoursine RA, Mocsonaki L. «Condoms are reliable but I am not»: A qualitative analysis of AIDS-related beliefs and attitudes of young heterosexual adults in Budapest,
- Hungary, and St. Petersburg, Russia // Cent Eur J Public Health. 2006. — Vol.14, N 2. — P.59−66.
- Talens A, Montoya E, Cubells ML et al. Acute pancreatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome // Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1996. — Vol.88, N 2. -P.155−159.
- Tangermann, R. H., S. Gordon, P. Wiesner, and L. Kreckman. 1991. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a day-care center in Georgia // Am. J. Epidemiol. 1991.-Vol. 133. -P.471−476.
- Tanriverdi S, Tanyeli A, Ba§ lami§ li F et al. Detection and genotyping of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis // J Clin Microbiol. 2002. — Vol.40, N 9. — P.3237−3244.
- Teunis P.F.M. MedemaM G.J.- Kruidenier L.- HavelaarM A.H. Assessment of the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium or Giardia in drinking water from a surface water source // Water Res. 1997. — Vol. 31, N 6. — P. 1333−1346.
- Teunis PF, Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC. Cryptosporidium dose response studies: variation between isolates // Risk Anal. 2002. — Vol.22, N 1. — P. 175 183.
- Thomas AG, Phillips AD, Walker-Smith JA. Cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales: prevalence and clinical and epidemiological features. Public Health Laboratory Service Study Group // Br. Med. J. 1990. — Vol. 300, N 7. — P.774−777.
- Thompson, RC A Presidential address: rediscovering parasites using molecular tools- towards revising the taxonomy of Echinococcus, Giardia and Cryptosporidium // Int J Parasitol. 2002. — Vol. 32. — P. 493−496.
- Thompson RC, Olson ME, Zhu G, Enomoto S, Abrahamsen MS, Hijjawi NS. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis // Adv. Parasitol. 2005. — Vol. 59, N l.-P. 77−158.
- Tiangtip, R., and S. Jongwutiwes. 2002. Molecular analysis of Cryptosporidium species isolated from HIV-infected patients in Thailand // Trop. Med. Int. Health. 2002. — Vol. 7. — P.357−364.
- Tilley, M., S. J. Upton, and P. S. Freed. A comparative study of the biology of Cryptosporidium serpentis and Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae // J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 1990. — Vol. 21. — P.463−467.
- Tilley, M., and S. J. Upton. Electrophoretic characterization of Cryptosporidium parvum (KSU-1 isolate) (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) // Can. J. Zool.- 1990.-Vol. 68. P. l 513−1519.
- Tilley, M., S. J. Upton, B. L. Blagburn, and В. C. Anderson. Identification of outer oocyst wall proteins of three Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: • Cryptosporidiidae) species by 1251 surface labeling // Infect. Immun. 1990. — Vol. 58. — P.252−253.
- Tilley, M., S. J. Upton, and С. E. Chrisp. A comparative study on the biology of Cryptosporidium sp. from guinea pigs and Cryptosporidium parvum (Apicomplexa) // Can. J. Microbiol. 1991. — Vol. 37. — P.949−952.
- Tilley, M., and S. J. Upton. Sporozoites and merozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum share a common epitope recognized by a monoclonal antibody and two-dimensional electrophoresi // J. Protozool. 1991. — Vol. 38. — P.48S-49S.
- Torres, J., M. Gracenea, M. S. Gomez, A. Arrizabalaga, and O. Gonzalez-Moreno. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. muris in wild rodents and insectivores in Spain // Vet. Parasitol. 2000. — Vol. 92. — P.253−260.
- Triffitt, M. J. Observations on two new species of coccidia parasitic in snakes // Protozoology. 1925. — N 1. — P. 19−26.
- Tumwine JK, Kekitiinwa A, Nabukeera N et al. Cryptosporidium parvum in children with diarrhea in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda // Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2003. — Vol. 68, N 6. — P.710−715.
- Tyzzer, E. A sporozoon found in the peptic glands of the common mouse // Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1907. — N 5. — P. 12−13.
- Tyzzer, E. An extracelluar coccidium, Cryptosporidium muris (gen. & sp. nov.), of the gastric glands of the common mouse // J. Med. Res. 1910. — Vol. 18. — P.487−509.
- Tyzzer, E. Cryptosporidium parvum (sp. nov.), a coccidium found in the small intestine of the common mouse // Arch. Protisenkd. 1912. — Vol. 26. — P.394−412.
- Tzipori, S., K. W. Angus, E. W. Gray, I. Campbell, and F. Allan. Diarrhea in lambs experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium isolated from calves // Am. J. Vet. Res. 1981. — Vol.42. — P. 1400−1404.
- Tzipori, S., J. K. Griffiths. Natural history and biology of Cryptosporidium parvum // Adv. Parasitol. 1998. — Vol. 40, N 1. — P.5−36.
- Tzipori S, Widmer G. A hundred-year retrospective on cryptosporidiosis // Trends Parasitol. 2008. — Vol.24, N 4. — P. 184−189.
- Umejiego NN, Li C, Riera T, Hedstrom L, Striepen B. Cryptosporidium parvum IMP dehydrogenase: identification of functional, structural, and dynamic roperties that can be exploited for drug design // J. Biol. Chem. 2004. — Vol. 279. -P. 40 320^40327.
- Ungar BL, Soave R, Fayer R, Nash ТЕ. Enzyme immunoassay detection of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies to Cryptosporidium in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons // J Infect Dis. 1986 Mar. — Vol.153, N 3. — P.570−578.
- Ungar BL, Gilman RH, Lanata CF, Peres-Schael I. Seroepidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in two Latin American populations // J Infect Dis. -1988. Vol.157, N 3. — P.551−556.
- Ungar BL, Mulligan M, Nutman ТВ. Serologic evidence of Cryptosporidium infection in US volunteers before and during Peace Corps service in Africa//Arch Intern Med. 1989.-Vol.149.-P.894−897.
- Upton, S. In vitro cultivation // Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis / R. Fayer, (ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1997. — P. 181−201.
- Upton, S. J., and W. L. Current. The species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) infecting mammals // J. Parasitol. 1985. -Vol.71.-P. 625−629.
- Upton, S. J., Barnard S. M. Two new species of coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Madagascar Gekkonids // J. Protozool. — 1987. -Vol. 34. — P.452−454.
- Upton, S. J., С. T. McAllister, P. S. Freed, and S. M. Barnard. 1989. Cryptosporidium spp. in wild and captive reptiles // J. Wildl. Dis. 1989. — Vol. 25. -P.20−30.
- Upton, S. J. Suborder Eimeriorina Leger, 1911 // J. J. Lee, G. F. Leedale, and P. Bradbury (ed.), The illustrated guide to the protozoa, 2nd ed. Society of Protozoologists Allen Press, Lawrence, Kans, 2000. — P.318−339.
- Vajpayee, M., S. Kanswal, P. Seth, and N. Wig. Spectrum of opportunistic infections and profile of CD4 counts among AIDS patients in north India // Infection. 2003. — Vol. 31, N 5. — P. 336−340.
- Vakil NB, Schwartz SM, Buggy BP et al. Biliary cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected people after the waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee // N Engl J Med. 1996. — Vol.334, N 1. — P. 19−23.
- Velasco M, Pintor E, Piret MV et al. Diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium as the initial manifestation of AIDS in an elderly man // Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin.- 1997. Vol.15, N 9. — P. 495−496.
- Ventura G, Cauda R, Larocca LM et al. Gastric cryptosporidiosis complicating HIV infection: case report and review of the literature // Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997. — Vol.9, N 3. — P. 307−310.
- Vetterling, J. M., A. Takeuchi, and P. A. Madden Ultrastructure of Cryptosporidium wrairi from the guinea pig // J. Protozool. 1971. — Vol.18. -P.248−260.
- Vetterling, J. M., H. R. Jervis, T. G. Merrill, and H. Sprinz Cryptosporidium wrairi sp. n. from the guinea pig Cavia porcellus, with an emendation of the genus //J. Protozool. 1971. — Vol. 18. -P.243−247.
- Ward PI, Deplazes P, Regli W et al. Detection of eight Cryptosporidium genotypes in surface and waste waters in Europe // Parasitology. — 2002. Vol 124.-P. 359−368.
- Weber R, Bryan RT, Bishop HS et al. Threshold of detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in human stool specimens: evidence for low sensitivity of current diagnostic methods // J Clin Microbiol. 1991. — Vol.29, N 7. — P. 13 231 327.
- Webster KA, Smith HV, Giles M et al. Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in faeces: comparison of conventional coproscopical methods and the polymerase chain reaction // Vet Parasitol. 1996. — Vol. 61, N ½. — P. 5−13.
- Weinstein, P., M. Macaitis, C. Walker, and S. Cameron Cryptosporidial diarrhoea in South Australia. An exploratory case-control study of risk factors for transmission // Med. J. Aust. 1993. — Vol. 158. — P. 117−119.
- Wetzel, R. Ein neues Coccid (Cryptosporidium vulpis sp. nov.) aus dem Rotfuchs // Arch. Wissenschaft. Prak. Tier. 1938. — Vol.74. — P.:39−40.
- White AC, Chappell CL, Hayat CS et a. Paromomycin for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS: a prospective, double-blind trial // J. Infect. Dis. 1994. — Vol.170. — P. 419−424.
- White AC, Robinson P, Okhuysen PC et al. Interferon-gamma expression in jejunal biopsies in experimental human cryptosporidiosis correlates with prior sensitization and control of oocyst excretion // J Infect Dis. — 2000. — Vol.181, N 2. -P. 701−709.
- White С A Nitazoxanide: a new broad spectrum antiparasitic agent // Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 2004. — Vol. 2, N 1. — P. 43−49.
- Widmer, G., L. Tchack, F. Spano, and S. Tzipori. A Study of Cryptosporidium parvum genotypes and population structure // Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 1998a. — Vol. 93. — P.685−686.
- Widmer, G. Genetic heterogeneity and PCR detection of Cryptosporidium parvum // Adv. Parasitol. 1998. — Vol. 40. — P.223−239.
- Widmer, G., L. Tchack, C. L. Chappell, and S. Tzipori. Sequence polymorphism in the beta-tubulin gene reveals heterogeneous and variable population structures in Cryptosporidium parvum // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. -1998b.-Vol. 64. P.4477−4481.
- Widmer G, Orbacz EA, Tzipori S. beta-tubulin mRNA as a marker of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability // Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999. — Vol.65, N 4.-P.1584−1588.
- Widmer G, Feng X, Tanriverdi S. Genotyping of Cryptosporidium parvum with microsatellite markers // Methods Mol Biol. 2004. — Vol.268. — P. l77−87.
- Wielinga PR, de Vries A, van der Goot TH, Mank T, Mars MH, Kortbeek LM, van der Giessen JW. Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in humans and cattle in The Netherlands // Int J Parasitol. 2008. — Vol.38, N 7. — P.809−817.
- Wiesner J, Seeber F. The plastid-derived organelle of protozoan human parasites as a target of established and emerging drugs // Expert Opin. Ther. Targets. 2005. — Vol. 9. — P. 23−44.
- Wildman, D. E. A map of the common chimpanzee genome // Bioessays. -2002. Vol. 24. — P.490−493.
- Wiwanitkit V, Srisupanant M. Cryptosporidiosis occurrence in anti-HIV-seropositive patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic // Thailand. Trop Doct. 2006. — Vol.36, N 1. — P.64.
- Xiao L, Sulaiman I, Fayer R, Lai AA. Species and strain-specific typing of Cryptosporidium parasites in clinical and environmental samples // Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 1998. — Vol.93, N 5. — P.687−91.
- Xiao L, Lai RB, Lai AA. Effect of immune activation induced by Cryptosporidium parvum whole antigen on in vitro human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection // J Infect Dis. 1999. — Vol.180, N 2. — P.559−563.
- Xiao L, Morgan UM, Limor J et al. Genetic diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and related Cryptosporidium species // Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999a. — Vol.65, N 8. — P.3386−3391.
- Xiao L, Escalante L, Yang C, Sulaiman I, Escalante AA, Montali RJ, Fayer R, Lai AA. Phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rRNA gene locus // Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999b. — Vol.65, N 4. -P.1578−1583.
- Xiao, L., J. R. Limor, L. Li, U. Morgan, R. C. Thompson, and A. A. Lai. Presence of heterogeneous copies of the small subunit rRNA gene in
- Cryptosporidium parvum human and marsupial genotypes and Cryptosporidium felis // J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 1999c. — Vol. 46. -P. 44S-45S.
- Xiao, L., U. M. Morgan, R. Fayer, R. C. Thompson, and A. A. Lai. Cryptosporidium systematics and implications for public health // Parasitol. Today. -2000a.-Vol. 16. -P.287−292.
- Xiao L, Alderisio K, Limor J, Royer M, Lai AA Identification of species and sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts in storm waters with a small-subunit rRNA-based diagnostic and genotyping tool // Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000b. — Vol. 66.-P. 5492−5498.
- Xiao L, Bern C, Limor J, Sulaiman I, Roberts J, Checkley W, Cabrera L, Gilman RH, Lai AA. Identification of 5 types of Cryptosporidium parasites in children in Lima, Peru // J Infect Dis. 2001a. — Vol.183, N 3. — P.492−497.
- Xiao L, Singh A, Limor J et al. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples of raw surface water and wastewater // Appl Environ Microbiol.-2001b.-Vol. 67.-P. 1097−1101.
- Xiao L, Bern C, Arrowood M, Sulaiman I, Zhou L, Kawai V, Vivar A, Lai AA, Gilman RH. Identification of the Cryptosporidium pig genotype in a human patient // J Infect Dis. 2002b. — Vol. 185, N 12. — P. 1846−1848.
- Xiao L, Ryan UM. Cryptosporidiosis: an update in molecular epidemiology // Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2004. — Vol.17, N 5. — P.483−490.
- Xiao L, Fayer R, Ryan U, Upton SJ Cryptosporidium taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health // Crit Rev Microbiol. — 2004a. Vol. 17, N 1. — P. 72−97.
- Xiao L, Lai AA, Jiang J. Detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water by PCR-RFLP // Methods Mol Biol. 2004. — Vol.268. — P. 163 176.
- Xiao L, Ryan UM, Graczyk TK et al. Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in captive reptiles // Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004b. — Vol.70, N 2. — P.891−899.
- Xiao, L., C. Bern, I. M. Sulaiman, A. A. Lai. Molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis // R. C. A. Thompson (ed.), Cryptosporidium: from molecules to disease. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2004c. — P. 227 262.
- Xiao L, Feng Y. Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis // FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2008. — Vol.52, N 3. — P.309−323.
- Xu P, Widmer G, Wang Y et al. The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis Nature .- 2004. Vol. 431. — P. 1107−1112.
- Yagita, K., S. Izumiyama, H. Tachibana et al. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from human and bovine infections in Japan // Parasitol. Res. 2001. — Vol. 87. — P.950−955.
- Yoshida H, Matsuo M, Miyoshi T et al. An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis suspected to be related to contaminated food, October 2006, Sakai City, Japan. Jpn // J Infect Dis. 2007. — Vol.60, N 6. — P. 405−407.
- Zannou DM, Kinde-Gazard D, Vigan J et al. Clinical and immunological profile of HIV infected patients in Cotonou, Benin // Med Mai Infect. 2004. -Vol.34, N5. — P.225−228.
- Zar F, Geiseler PJ, Brown VA. Asymptomatic carriage of Cryptosporidium in the stool of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome // J Infect Dis. 1985.-Vol.151 N1. -P.195.
- Zar FA. Asymptomatic carrier state foj* Cryptosporidium // Am J Med. -1990. Vol.89, N 4. -P. 545−546.
- Zardi EM, Picardi A, Afeltra A. Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised hosts // Chemotherapy. 2005. — Vol.51, N 4. — P. 193−196.
- Zhou L, Singh A, Jiang J, Xiao L Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp. in raw wastewater in Milwaukee: implications for understanding outbreak occurrence and transmission dynamics // J Clin Microbiol. 2003. — Vol. 41.-P. 5254−5257.
- Zu SX, Li JF, Barrett LJ et al. Seroepidemiologic study of Cryptosporidium infection in children from rural communities of Anhui, China and Fortaleza, Brazil // Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994. — Vol.51, N 1. — P. 1 -10.