Молекулярные механизмы и патогенетическая роль нарушений обмена L-карнитина
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Диссертация
Впервые изучены молекулярные механизмы нарушений обмена карнитина при В2- и биотиновом гиповитаминозах, являющихся экспериментальными моделями недостаточности ацил-КоА-дегидрогеназ и ацил-КоА-карбоксилаз. Впервые показано, что при недостаточности рибофлавина снижается концентрация свободного и общего карнитина в плазме крови и тканях, повышается экскреция специфических ацилкарнитинов. Активация… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ
- ГЛАВА I. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- 1. 1. Общая характеристика, биосинтез, метаболизм и функции L-карнитина у млекопитающих
- 1. 1. 1. Биосинтез и метаболизм L-карнитина
- 1. 1. 2. Потребность человека в L-карнитине, кишечное всасывание, фармакокинетика и реабсорбция в почках
- 1. 1. 3. Транспорт L-карнитина в ткани и органеллы
- 1. 1. 4. Функции L-карнитина в организме млекопитающих
- 1. 1. 5. Карнитинацил-трансферазы
- 1. 1. 6. Роль L-карнитина и карнитинацил-трансфераз в регуляции внутриклеточного пула КоА и КоА-зависимых процессов
- 1. 2. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология L-карнитина
- 1. 3. Нарушения обмена L-карнитина у человека и животных
- 1. 3. 1. Клинические аспекты недостаточности L-карнитина
- 1. 3. 2. Нарушения обмена L-карнитина при экспериментальном и клиническом алкоголизме
- 1. 3. 3. Нарушения обмена L-карнитина при введении вальпроевой кислоты
- 1. 3. 4. Нарушения обмена L-карнитина при нарушениях питания и недостаточности витаминов
- 1. 4. Патофизиологические механизмы токсичности этанола, вальпроевой кислоты, недостаточности рибофлавина и биотина
- 1. 4. 1. Молекулярные механизмы алкогольного поражения печени
- 1. 4. 2. Молекулярные механизмы токсичности вальпроевой кислоты
- 1. 4. 3. Биохимические нарушения при недостаточности рибофлавина
- 1. 4. 4. Биохимические нарушения при недостаточности биотина
- 1. 1. Общая характеристика, биосинтез, метаболизм и функции L-карнитина у млекопитающих
- 2. 1. Экспериментальные модели
- 2. 1. 1. Моделирование алкогольного поражения печени у крыс и мышей
- 2. 1. 2. Моделирование острой алкогольной интоксикации у крыс
- 2. 1. 3. Введение вальпроевой кислоты крысам
- 2. 1. 4. Моделирование недостаточности рибофлавина у крыс
- 2. 1. 5. Моделирование недостаточности биотина у крыс
- 2. 2. Методы исследования
- 2. 2. 1. Выделение гепатоцитов и непаренхиматозных клеток (клетки Купфера) из печени крыс
- 2. 2. 2. Выделение лимфоцитов из крови крыс
- 2. 2. 3. Определение концентрации креатинина в моче
- 2. 2. 4. Определение уровня рибофлавина и флавинмононуклеотида в печени методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ)
- 2. 2. 5. Определение концентрации биотина в плазме крови
- 2. 2. 6. Определение содержания летучих жирных кислот (С2 — С6) в физиологических жидкостях и тканях методом газожидкостной хроматографии (ГЖХ)
- 2. 2. 7. Определение концентрации жирных кислот в фосфолипидах лимфоцитов крови
- 2. 2. 8. Определение концентрации органических кислот в физиологических жидкостях и тканях методом капиллярной газовой хроматографии
- 2. 2. 9. Определение концентрации общего и свободного L-карнитина в плазме крови, тканях и моче
- 2. 2. 10. Определения концентрации ацилкарнитинов в тканях и физиологических жидкостях методом тандемной хроматомасс-спектрометрии (FAB-MS/MS)
- 2. 2. 11. Определение концентрации свободных аминокислот в тканях и плазме крови
- 2. 2. 12. Определение концентрации триглицеридов, общих липидов, общих фосфолипидов. холестерина, фракций фосфолипидов в тканях&trade
- 2. 2. 13. Микроскопия и оценка гистологических параметров печени
- 2. 2. 14. Определение показателей перекисного окисления липидов
- 2. 2. 15. Определние активности аланинаминотрансферазы (AJ1T) в плазме крови и цитохрома Р450 (CYP2E1) в гепатоцитах
- 2. 2. 16. Определение концентрации этанола в крови
- 2. 2. 17. Определение концентрации цитокинов. простагландина Е2 и NO в плазме крови и культурапьных средах
- 2. 2. 18. Выделения общей РНК, синтез кДНК и определение экспрессии генов цитокинов
- 2. 2. 19. Анализ экспрессии генов ферментов биосинтеза карнитина и карнитин-ассоциированных белков в печени методом микро-чип-экспрессионной технологии
- 2. 3. Методы статистической обработки результатов
- 3. 1. ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ АЛКОГОЛЬНОГО ПОРАЖЕНИЯ ПЕЧЕНИ- РОЛЬ L-КАРНИТИНА
- 3. 1. 1, Влияние L-карннтнна на выраженность поражения печени и биохимических нарушений при алкогольной интоксикации.&diams
- 3. 1. 2. Вл ия н не алкогольной интоксикации на экс пресс ню генов ферментов биосинтеза каринтина и карнитнн-ассоцинрованных белков в печени,
- 3. 13. Роль L-карнитина в модуля им и функциональной активности клеток Кулфера при алкогольной интоксикации
- 3. 2. ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ГЕПАТОТОК-СИЧНОСТИ В АЛЬ ПРОЕВ ОЙ КИСЛОТЫ- РОЛЬ L-КАРНИТИНА.&bdquo-^
- 3. 2. 1. Влияние L-карннтнна на обмен лнлидову крыс при введении вальпроата. .—"^
- 3. 2. 2. Влияние L-карннтнна на активность перекисного окисления лип ндов у крыс при введен ин вальпроата.—&bdquo
- 3. 2. 3. Влияние L-карннтнна на формирование пула свободных аминокислот у крыс при введении вальпроата
- 3. 3. МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ НАРУШЕНИЙ ОБМЕНА L-КАРНИТИНА ПРИ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ РИБОФЛАВИНА У КРЫС. 1!
- 3. 3. 1. Влияние недостаточности рибофлавина на экскрецию органических кислот и глициновых конъюгатоа.&bdquo- 11S
- 3. J.2. Влияние недостаточности рибофлавина на концентрацию ко-роткоцепочечных н дикарбоновых органических кислот в тканях и плазме кровн
- 3. 3. 3, Влияние недостаточности рибофлавина на уровень фракций L-карнитина в тканях н плазме кровн
- 3. 3. 4, Влияние недостаточности рибофлавина на концентрацию ацилкарннтинов в тканях н биологических жидкостях
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