Современные методы эндоскопической диагностики и лечения нейроэндокринных опухолей желудка
Диссертация
Ведущая роль в диагностике патологических изменений желудка принадлежит эндоскопическому методу исследования. Постоянное техническое совершенствование эндоскопической аппаратуры, появление Zoom и NBIметодик позволяет проводить исследование с увеличением в 115 раз без потери качества изображения, а также при осмотре в режиме спектральной визуализации сосудистой структуры тканипозволяет в лучшей… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- Глава 1. Обзор литературы
- Глава 2. Характеристика больных и методы исследования
- 2. 1. Общая характеристика материала исследования
- 2. 2. Методы исследования
- 2. 2. 1. Эзофагогастродуоденоскопия
- 2. 2. 2. Узкоспектральная эндоскопия
- 2. 2. 3. Увеличительная эндоскопия
- 2. 2. 4. Эндосонография
- 2. 2. 5. Методики получения материала для морфологического исследования
- 2. 2. 6. Методы морфологического исследования
- 3. Эндоскопическая семиотика различных макроскопических форм
- 3. 1. Эндоскопическая семиотика плосковозвышающейся формы
- 3. 2. Эндоскопическая семиотика полиповидной формы НЭО желудка
- 3. 3. Эндоскопическая семиотика инфильтративной формы
- 3. 4. Морфологическая характеристика макроскопических форм
- 3. 5. Результаты эндоскопической диагностики НЭО желудка
- 4. 1. Эндосонографическая семиотика плосковозвышающейся формы НЭО желудка
- 4. 2. Эндосонографическая семиотика полиповидной формы
- 4. 3. Эндосонографическая семиотика инфильтративной формы
- 4. 4. Результаты эндосонографического исследования в диагностике
- 5. 1. Дифференциальная диагностика плосковозвышающейся формы НЭО
- 5. 2. Дифференциальная диагностика полиповидной формы НЭО
- 5. 3. Дифференциальная диагностика инфильтративной формы НЭО
- 6. 1. Критерии отбора пациентов с НЭО желудка для выполнения ЭРС
- 6. 2. Используемая методика ЭРС у пациентов с НЭО желудка
- 6. 3. Результаты ЭРС у пациентов с НЭО желудка
Список литературы
- Высокодифференцированные нейроэндокринные опухоли (карционои-ды) и нейроэндокринные опухоли поджелудочной железы: современный взгляд на проблему / В. А. Горбунова, Н. Ф. Орел, Г. Н. Егоров и др. М.:Литтера, 2007. — 104 с.
- Давыдов, М.И. Злокачественные образования в России и в странах СНГ в 2007 г / М. И. Давыдов, Е.М. Аксель// Вестник РОНЦ им. Н. Н. Блохина РАМН, М. 2007.-Т.18.-№ 2 (прил. 1) — 156 с.
- Онкология /Под ред. И. В. Поддубной. М.:МЕДпресс-информ, — 2009. -768 с.
- Орлов, Е. Ю. Возможности эндоскопической ультрасонографии при заболеваниях верхних отделов пищеварительного тракта и панкреатоби-лиарной зоны / Е. Ю. Орлов, Е. Д. Федоров, В. А. Душкина // Новые медицинские технологии, 2004. № 5. — С. 64−66.
- Пиманов, С.И. Ультразвуковая диагностика полипов желудка / С. И. Пиманов // Вестн. хирургии им. Грековаю 1991. — Т. 147. — № 7−8.-С. 44−45.
- Портной, Л.М. Новые взгляды на лучевую диагностику рака желудка (методико-семиотические и организационные аспекты) / Л. М. Портной, О. В. Вятчанин, Г. А. Сташук. М.: Видар, 2004. — С. 284.
- Руководство по ультразвуковой диагностике заболеваний пищевода, желудка и 12-перстной кишки. / Г. К. Жерлов, С. А. Соколов, Н. С. Рудая и др. Н: Наука, 2005. — 206 с.
- Симоненко, В. Б Нейроэндокринные опухоли. Руководство / В.Б. Симо-ненко, П. А. Дулин, М. А. Маканин М.:ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010.-211−213 с.
- Харченко, В.П. Эндоскопическая ультрасонография в диагностике заболеваний желудка, желчевыводящих путей и поджелудочной железы / В. П. Харченко, Ю. В. Ситнев // Рос.журн. гастроэнтерол., гепатол., ко-лопроктол. 1996. — № 3. — С. 96−98
- A clinical perspective on gastric neuroendocrine neoplasia / B. Lawrence, M. Kidd, I. Modlin et al.// Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 2011 Vol.13, № 1 -P.101−9
- A systematic review of the staging performance of endoscopic ultrasound in gastrooesophageal carcinoma / A Kelly S, Harris KM, Berry E, et al. // Gut. 2001. — Vol.49, № 4 — P. 534−9.
- A new method of diagnosing gastric intestinal metaplasia: narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy / N. Uedo, R. Ishihara, H. Iishi et al. // Endoscopy. 2006. — Vol.38 — P. 819−824
- A prospective study comparing endoscopy and EUS in the evaluation of GI subepithelial masses / J. Hwang, M. Saunders, S. Rulyak, et al. // Gastro-intest. Endosc. 2005. — Vol.62 — P.202−8
- Ability of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy to identify patients with gastric carcinoids: a prospective study/ F. Gibril, J.C. Reynolds, I.A. Lubensky et al. //J.Nucl. Med. 2000/ - Vol. 41 — P. 1646−1656.
- Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography in upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions: a prospective multicenter study / T. Rosch, B. Kapfer, U. Will et al. // Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2002. — Vol.37 — P. 856−62.
- Achlorhydria, parietal cell hyperplasia, and multiple gastric carcinoids: a new disorder / S.C. Abraham, J.A. Carney, A. Ooi et al. // Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2005. — Vol.29 -P. 969−975.
- Advantage of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with EMR for early gastric cancer / S. Oka, S. Tanaka, I. Kaneko et al. // Gastrointest. En-dosc. 2006. — Vol.64 — P. 877−83.
- Aggressive forms of gastric neuroendocrine tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I / C. Bordi, A. Falchetti, C. Azzoni et al. // Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 1997. — Vol.21 — P. 1075−82
- Antrectomy for multicentric, argyrophil gastric carcinoids: a preliminary report / F. Eckhauser, R. Lloyd, N. Thompson et al. // Surgery. 1988. -Vol.104 -P.1046- 1053
- Ardill, J.E. Circulating markers for endocrine tumours of the gastroentero-pancreatic tract / J.E. Ardill // Ann. Clin. Biochem. 2008. -Vol.45 — P. 539−559.
- Arnold, R. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hypergastrinemia / R. Arnold // Wien Klin. Wochenschr. 2007 — Vol.119 — P. 564−569.
- Arnold, R. Endocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Introduction: definition, historical aspects, classification, staging, prognosis and therapeutic options / R. Arnold // Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2005. — Vol.19 -P.491−505.
- ASGE Standards of Practice Committee. Role of EUS. / S.I. Gan, E. Rajan, D.G. Adler et al. // Gastrointest. Endosc. 2007. — Vol.66 № 3 — P. 425−34.
- Bussolati, G. Classic and recent special stains used in differential diagnosis of endocrine tumors / G. Bussolati, M. Volante, M. Papotti // Endocr. Pathol. -2001,-Vol.12-P. 379−387
- Cannizzaro, R. Endoscopic diagnosis and staging of gastric tumors / R. Can-nizzaro, M. Fornasarig, T. Lacchin // Suppl. Tumori. 2003. — Vol.26 № 5 -P. 16−18
- Cantor, M.J. Yield of tissue sampling for subepithelial lesions evaluated by EUS: a comparison between forceps biopsies and endoscopic submucosal resection / M.J. Cantor, R.E. Davila, D.O. Faigel // Gastrointest. Endosc. -2006. Vol.64 — P.29−34
- Carcinoid tumors / S.N. Pinchot, K. Hole, R.S. Sippel et al. // The Oncologist. 2008. — Vol.13 — P. 1255−69.
- Carcinoid tumors: an analysis of 2837 cases / J.D. Godwin et al. // Cancer. -1975. Vol. 36, № 2. — P. 560−569
- Carcinoid tumors: analysis of prognostic factors and survival in 301 patients from a referral center / E. Janson, L. Holmberg, M. Stridsberg et al. // Ann Oncol. 1997. — Vol.8 — P. 685−690.
- Carcinoid tumour / M.E. Caplin, J.R. Buscombe, A.J. Hilson et al. / Lancet. -1998. Vol.352 — P. 799−805
- Carrasquillo J.A. Molecular imaging of neuroendocrine tumors / J.A. Carras-quillo, C.C. Chen // Semin. Oncol. 2010. — Vol.37, № 6 — P. 662−79
- Chak, A. EUS in submucosal tumors / A. Chak // Gastrointest. Endosc. -2002. Vol.56, № 4 — P. 43−8
- Classification of low-grade neuroendocrine tumors of midgut and unknown origin / S. Van Eeden, P.F. Quaedvlieg, B.G. Taal et al. // Hum. Pathol. -2002. Vol.33 — P. 1126−1132
- Combined use of a magnifying endoscope with a narrow band imaging system and a multibending endoscope for en bloc EMR of early stage gastric cancer / K. Sumiyama, M. Kaise, T. Nakayoshi et al. // Gastrointest. Endosc. 2004. — Vol.60 — P. 79−84
- Consensus guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumors: the second event and some final considerations / G. Rindi, W.W. de Herder et al. // Neuroendocrinology. 2008. — Vol.87 — P. 5−7.
- Current status of gastrointestinal carcinoids / I.M. Modlin, M. Kidd, I. Latich et al. // Gastroenterology. 2005. — Vol.128 — P. 1717−1751.
- Development of the strip-off biopsy / M. Tada, M. Shimada, F. Murakami et al. // Gastroenterol. Endosc. 1984. — Vol.26 — P.833−839
- Doherty, G.M. Rare endocrine tumours of the GI tract / G.M. Doherty // Best Pract. & Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2005. — Vol.19 — P.807−18
- ECL cell tumor and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma of the stomach: prognostic evaluation by pathological analysis / G. Rindi, C. Azzoni, S. La Rosa et al. // Gastroenterology. 1999. — Vol.116 — P. 532−42.
- Endocrine tumours of the stomach / G. Delle Fave, G. Capurso, M. Milione et al. // Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2005 — Vol.19 — P.659−673
- Endocrine tumours of the stomach. In: Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA, eds. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive / System Capella C, Solcia E, LH LS et al. Lyon: IARC Press, 2000. — 53−57 p.
- Endoscopic mucosal resection for early cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract / R. Soetikno, T. Kaltenbach, R. Yeh, et al. // J. Clin. Oncol. 2005. -Vol.23 — P. 4490−4498
- Endoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of early gastric cancer / H. Ono, H. Kondo, T. Gotoda et al. // Gut. 2001. — Vol.48 — P. 225−229
- Endoscopic mucosal resection in the management of gastric carcinoid tumors // J. Ichikawa, S. Tanabe, W. Koizumi, et al. // Endoscopy 2003−35:203−6.
- Endoscopic mucosal resection using a cap: techniques for use and preventing perforation / H. Inoue, T. Kawano, M. Tani et al. // Can. J. Gastroenterol. -1999, — Vol.13, № 6-P. 477−480.
- Endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer / M. Tada, A. Murakami, M. Karita et al. // Endoscopy. 1993. — Vol.25 — P. 445−50.
- Endoscopic resection of small rectal carcinoid tumours using an aspiration method with a transparent overcap / N. Oshitani, N. Hamasaki, Y. Sawa et al.// J. Int. Med. Res. 2000 — Vol.28, № 5 — P. 241 — 246.
- Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors / Suzuki S, Ishii N, Uemura M et al. // Surg. Endosc. 2012. — Vol.26, № 3 — P. 759−63
- Endoscopic ultrasonography in the local staging of primary gastric lymphoma / L. Palazzo, G. Roseau, A. Ruskone-Fourmestraux et al. // Endoscopy. 1993. — Vol.25, № 8 — P.502−8.
- Endosonographic features of gastric ectopic pancreases distinguishable from mesenchymal tumors / J.H. Kim, J.S. Lim, Y.C. Lee et al. // J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2008 Vol.23 — P.301−7.
- ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumours: Pre- and perioperative therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumours / G. Akerstrom, R. Kianmanesh, M. Falconi et al. // Neuroendocri-nology. 2009. — Vol.90 — P.203−8
- ENETS guidelines for the standards of care in patients with neuroendocrine tumours: radiological examinations in patients with neuroendocrine tumours / A. Sundin, M.P. Vullierme, G. Kaltsas et al. // Neuroendocrinology. 2008 -Vol.90-P. 167−183.
- EUS clarifies the natural history and ideal management of GISTs / J. Lachter, N. Bishara, E. Rahimi et al. // Hepatogastroenterology. 2008. -Vol.55 -P. 1653−6.
- Faller, G. Immunological and morphogenic basis of gastric mucosa atrophy and metaplasia/ G. Faller, T. Kirchner // Virchows Arch. 2005. — Vol. 446. — P. 1−9
- Fusaroli, P. Endoscopic ultrasonography / P. Fusaroli, G. Caletti // Endoscopy. 2003. — Vol. 35, № 2 — P. 127−135.
- Gastric carcinoid tumors: the biology and therapy of an enigmatic and controversial lesion / Gilligan CJ, Lawton GP, Tang LH et al. // Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1995. — Vol.90 — P. 338−352.
- Gastric carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas: pathogenesis, pathology, and behavior / G. Rindi, C. Bordi, S. Rappel et al. // World J. Surg. 1996. -Vol.20-P. 168−172.
- Gastric carcinoids. The Yale Experience / I.M. Modlin, C.J. Gilligan, G.P. Lawton et al. // Arch. Surg. 1995. — Vol.130 — P.250−256
- Gastric carcinoids: Biologic behaviour and prognosis after differentiated treatment in relation to type / K. Borch, B. Ahrren, H. Ahlman et al. // Ann. Surg. 2005. — P. 242 — P.64−71
- Gastric neuroendocrine tumors / F.G. Delle, G. Capurso, B. Annibale et al. // Neuroendocrinology 2004. — Vol.80, № 1 — P. 16−19
- Gastrin- dependent inhibitory effects of octreotide on the genesis of gastric ECLomas / I.M. Modlin, R. Kumar, A. Nangia et al. // Surgery. -1992. -Vol.112 -P.1048−1058
- Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours / I.M. Modlin, K. Oberg, D.C. Chung et al. // Lancet Oncol. 2008. — Vol.9 — P. 61−72.
- Goblet cell carcinoids and other mixed neuroendocrine/non-neuroendocrine neoplasms / M. Volante, L. Righi, S. Asioli et al. // Virchows Arch. 2007. -Vol.451, № 1 — P. 61−69.
- Godfrey, E.M. Endoscopic ultrasound: A review of current diagnostic and therapeutic applications/ E.M. Godfrey, S.M. Rushbrook, N.R. Carroll // Postgrad Med J. 2010. — Vol. 86 № 1016 — P. 346−353.
- Guidelines for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours / J.K. Ramage, A.H. Davies, J. Ardill et al. // Gut. 2005. — Vol.54, № 14 — P. 1−16
- Hamilton, S.R. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the digestive system. World Health Organisation Classification of Tumours / S.R. Hamilton, L.A. Aaltonen // Lyon: IARC Press. 2000. — P. 53−54
- Hemminki, K. Incidence trends and risk factors of carcinoid tumors: a nationwide epidemiologic study from Sweden / K. Hemminki, X. Li // Cancer. -2001,-Vol. 92-P. 2204−2210
- Histological typing of endocrine tumors. World Health Organization, International Histological Classification of Tumors / E. Solcia, G. Kloppel, L.H. Sobin et al. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag- 2004. 78−85 p.
- Histological typing of endocrine tumours. WHO International Histological Classification of Tumours. 2nd ed. / E. Solcia, G. Kloppel, L.H. Sabin eds. -Berlin: Springer, 2000. 61−68 p.
- Hou, W. Treatment of gastric carcinoids / W. Hou, M.L. Schubert // Curr. Treat. Options. Gastroenterol. 2007. — Vol.10 — P. 123−133
- Hunt, G.C. Yield of tissue sampling for submucosal lesions evaluated by EUS / G.C. Hunt, P.P.Smith, D.O. Faigel // Gastrointest. Endosc. 2003. -Vol. 57 — P. 68−72
- Immunohistochemical prognostic indicators of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours / M. Kawahara, M. Kammori, H. Kanauchi et al. // Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002. — Vol. 28 — P. 140−146
- Impact of endoscopic ultrasound for evaluation of submucosal lesions in gastrointestinal tract / Brand B, Oesterhelweg L, Binmoeller KF, et al. // Dig. Liver. Dis. 2002. — Vol.34 — P. 290
- Inoue, H. The Paris endoscopic classification of superficial neoplastic lesions: esophagus, stomach and colon / H. Inoue// Gastroint. endo. 2003. -Vol.58, № 06 — P3−43
- Is the new WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumours useful for selecting an appropriate treatment? / E. Bajetta, L. Catena, G. Procopio et al. // Ann. Oncol. -2005. Vol.16 — P. 1374−1380
- Kaltsas, G.A. The Diagnosis and Medical Management of Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors / G.A. Kaltsas, G.M. Besser, A.B. Grossman // Endocrin. Rev. 2004. — Vol.25 № 3 — P. 458−511.
- Kapadia, C.R. Gastric atrophy, metaplasia, and dysplasia: a clinical perspective / C.R. Kapadia // Clin. Gastroenterol. 2003. — Vol.36, № 5 — P.29−36
- Kiesslich, R. Magnification endoscopy: does it improve mucosal surface analysis for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasias? / R. Kiesslich, M. Jung // Endoscopy. 2002. — Vol. 34 — P. 819−822
- Kloppel, G. Epidemiology, tumour biology and histopathological classification of neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract / G. Kloppel, M. Anlauf// Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2005. — Vol.19 — P. 507 517.
- Kloppel, G. The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors: the WHO classification / G. Kloppel, A. Perren, P. Heitz // Ann. N. Y.Acad. Sei. 2004. — Vol.1014 — P. 13−27.
- Kloppel, G. Tumour biology and histopathology of neuroendocrine tumours / G. Kloppel // Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007. — Vol.21 — P. 15−31.
- Kontogeorgos, G. Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (GEP-NETs) / G. Kontogeorgos //BTCC J. 2010. — Vol. 2 — P.2
- Kulke M.H. Carcinoid tumors / M.H. Kulke, R.J. Mayer // Engl. J. Med. -1999.-Vol.340-P. 858−868
- Kulke, M. Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Stomach and Pancreas / M. Kulke, B. Lowell // Pancreas. 2010. — Vol.39 — P735−752
- Kulke, MH. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: a role for targeted therapies? / M.H. Kulke, R.J. Mayer // Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 2007. -Vol.14-P. 207−219.
- Kuznetsov, K. Narrow-band imaging: potential and limitations / K. Kuznet-sov, R. Lambert, J-F. Rey // Endoscopy. 2006. — Vol.38 — P. 76−81
- Lloyd, R.V. Practical markers used in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors / R.V. Lloyd // Endocr. Pathol. 2003. — Vol.14 -P. 293−301.
- Localisation of neuroendocrine tumours of the upper gastrointestinal tract / T. Zimmer, K. Ziegler, M. Bader et al. // Gut. 1994. — Vol.35, № 4 — P. 471−5.
- Magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow band imaging system for early gastric cancer: correlation of vascular pattern with histopathology // T. Na-kayoshi, H. Tajiri, K. Matsuda et al. // Endoscopy. 2004. — Vol.36 — P. 1080−1084
- McAleese, P. Multiple gastric carcinoid tumours in a patient with pernicious anaemia: endoscopic removal or gastric resection? / P. McAleese, J. Moore-head // Eur. J. Surg. 1994. — Vol.160 — P. 243−6.
- Meenan, J. Basics of EUS: Endosonography. In: R. Hawes and P. Fockens, editors / J. Meenan, C. Vu Philadelphia. Saunders, 2006. — 17−26 p.
- Minute gastric carcinoid tumor with regional lymph node metastasis / T. Shi-nohara, S. Ohyama, H. Nagano et al. // Gastric Cancer. 2003. — Vol.6 — P. 262−266
- Minute gastric carcinoid tumor with regional lymph node metastasis: a case report and review of literature / S.D. Xie, L.B.Wang, X.Y. Song et al. // World J. Gastroenterol. 2004. — Vol.10 — P. 2461−2463
- Mixed endocrine-exocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract / C. Capella, S. La Rosa, S. Uccella et al. // Semin. Diagn. Pathol. 2000. — Vol.17 — P. 91 103
- Modlin, I.M. A 50-year analysis of 562 gastric carcinoids: small tumor or larger problem? / I.M. Modlin, K.D. Lye, M. Kidd // Am. J. Gastroenterol.2004. Vol.99 — P. 23−32
- Modlin, I.M. A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumours / I.M. Modlin, K.D. Lye, M. Kidd // Cancer. 2003. — Vol.97 — P.934−59.
- Modlin, I.M. An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors / I.M. Modlin, A. Sandor// Cancer. 1997. — Vol.79 — P. 813−29.
- Modlin, I.M. Biology and management of gastric carcinoid tumours: a review / I.M. Modlin, M. Kidd, K.D. Lye // Eur. J. Surg. 2002. — Vol. 168 -P. 669−683
- Modlin, I.M. Carcinoid tumors of the stomach / I.M. Modlin, K.D. Lye, M. Kidd // Surg. Oncol. 2003. — Vol.12 — P. 153−172
- Mulkeen, A. Gastric carcinoid / A. Mulkeen, C. Cha // Curr. Opin. Oncol.2005.-Vol. 17-P. 1−6.
- NANETS Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumor / A.I.Vinik, E.A. Woltering, R.P. Warner et al. // Pancreas. 2010. — Vol.39, № 6-P. 713−734
- Narrow band imaging combined with magnified endoscopy for the cancer at the head and neck region / M. Muto, T. Ugumori, Y. Sano et al. // Dig. En-dosc. 2005. — Vol.17 — P.23−4.
- Narrow band imaging technique / H. Mizuno, K. Gono, S. Takehana et al. // Techn. Gastrointest. Endosc. 2003. — Vol.5 — P. 78−81
- Norton, I.D. Endoscopic ultrasound: diagnostic and therapeutic applications/ I.D. Norton, D.B. Jones. // Intern. Med. J. 2003. — Vol.33 № 1−2 — P. 2632.
- Novel zoom endoscopy technique for visualizing the microvascular architecture in gastric mucosa / K. Yao, A. Iwashita, Y. Kikuchi et al. // Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2005. — Vol.3 — P. 23−26
- Oberg, K. Neuroendocrine tumors / K. Oberg, B. Eriksson // Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007 — Vol.21 — P. 1−172.
- Oh, Y.S. Clinical applications of endoscopic ultrasound to oncology / Y.S. Oh, D.S. Early, R.R. Azar // Oncology. 2005. — Vol.68 № 4−6 — P. 526−37.
- One hundred years after «carcinoid»: epidemiology of and prognostic factors for neuroendocrine tumors in 35,825 cases in the United States / J.C. Yao, M. Hassan, A. Phan et al. // J. Clin. Oncol. 2008. — Vol.26, № 18 — P.3063−72.
- Pathology and nomenclature of human gastrointestinal neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors and related lesions / G. Kloppel, P. Heitz, C. Capella et al. // World J. Surg. 1996. — Vol.20 — P. 1321.
- Pathology reporting of neuroendocrine tumors: application of the Delphic consensus process to the development of a minimum pathology data set / D. Klimstra, I. Modlin, N. Adsay et al. //Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2010. — Vol.34 -P. 300−313.
- Plasma chromogranin A in patients with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis, enterochromaffin- like cell lesions and gastric carcinoids / Peracchi M, Gebbia C, Basilisco G, et al. // Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2005. — Vol.152 — P. 443- 448.
- Plockinger, U. Diagnosis of non-functioning neuro-endocrine gastro-enteropancreatic tumours / U. Plockinger, B. Wiedenmann // Neuroendocri-nology. 2004. — Vol.80, № 1 — P. 35−38.
- Plockinger, U. Neuroendocrine tumors. Biotherapy / U. Plockinger, B. Wiedenmann // Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007. — Vol.21 -P.145−162
- Plockinger, U. Treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors / U. Plockinger, B. Wiedenmann // Virchows Arch. 2007. — Vol.451, № 1 -P. 71−80.
- Polkowski, M. Submucosal lesions / M. Polkowski, E. Butruk // Gastrointest. Endose. Clin. 2005. — Vol.15 — P. 33−55.
- Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the foregut (gastric, duodenal and pancreatic) / O. Nilsson, E. Van Cutsem et al. // Neuroendocrinology. 2006. -Vol.84-P. 212−215.
- Priorities for improving the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors / Modlin I.M., Moss S.F., Chung D.C. et al. // J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2008. — Vol.100, № 18 — P. 1282−1289.
- Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid tumors) of the stomach / M.K. Washington, L.H. Tang, J. Berlin et al. // Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2010. — Vol.134, № 2 — P. 187−91.
- Rindi, G. Consensus guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumors/ G. Rindi, O. Luinetti, M. Cornaggia // Neuroendocrinology. 2007. — Vol.93 — P. 173−175
- Rindi, G. A Biological and molecular aspects of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors / G. Rindi, V. Villanacci, A. Ubiali // Digestion. 2000. -Vol.45-P. 19−26
- Rockall, A.G. Imaging of neuroendocrine tumours (CT/MR/US) / A.G. Rockall, R.H. Reznek // Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007. -Vol.21 — P. 43−68.
- Role of EUS and MDCT in the diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors according to the revised pathologic concept of gastrointestinal stromal tumors / J.H. Kang, J.S. Lim, J.H. Kim et al. // Eur. Radiol. 2009. — Vol.19 — P. 924−934.
- Shim, C.S. Endoscopic removal of submucosal tumors: preprocedure diagnosis, technical options, and results / C.S. Shim, I.S. Jung // Endoscopy. -2005.-Vol.37-P. 646−54.
- Siegfried Oberndorfer and the evolution of carcinoid disease / I.M. Modlin, M.D. Shapiro, M. Kidd et al. // Arch. Surg. 2007. -Vol.142 — P. 187−197.
- Site-specific biology and pathology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors / G. Kloppel, G. Rindi, M. A/ Anlauf et al. // Virchows Arch. -2007. Vol.451, № 1 — P.9−27.
- Soga, J. The term «carcinoid» is a misnomer: the evidence based on local invasion / J. Soga // J. of Exp. & Clin. Cancer Research. 2009. — Vol. 28. — P. 15.
- Sreenarasimhaiah, J. The emerging role of endoscopic ultrasonography in cancer staging / J. Sreenarasimhaiah// Am. J. Med. Sei. 2005. — Vol. 329, № 5 — P.247−258.
- Sundin, A. Nuclear imaging of neuroendocrine tumours / A. Sundin, U. Gar-ske, H. Orlefors // Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007 — Vol.21 -P. 69−85.
- The natural history of upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors: a multicenter endoscopic ultrasound survey/ K.R. Gill, L. Camellini, R. Conigliaro et al. // J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2009. — Vol. 15 — P.342−345
- The spectrum and classification of gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumours / G. Kloppel, P. Heitz, C. Capella et al. // Curr. Diag. Pathol. 1995. -Vol.2-P. 10−4.
- Three subtypes of gastric argyrophil carcinoid and the gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study / G. Rindi, O. Luinetti, M. Cornaggia et al. // Gastroenterology. 1993. — Vol.104 — P. 994−1006
- TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system / G. Rindi, G. Kloppel, H. Alhman et al. // Virchows Arch. 2006. — Vol.449 — P.395−401
- TNM staging of midgut and hindgut (neuro) endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system / G. Rindi, G. Kloppel, A. Couvelard et al. // Virchows Arch. 2007. — Vol.451 — P. 757−762
- Update on the Paris classification of superficial neoplastic lesions in the digestive tract / Lambert R and the endoscopic classification review group// Endoscopy. 2005. — Vol.37 — P. 570−578
- Well-differentiated gastric tumors/carcinomas / P. Ruszniewski, G. Delle Fave et al. // Neuroendocrinology. 2006. — Vol.84 — P. 158−164.
- WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system / F.T. Bosman, F. Carneiro, R.H. Hruban et al. (Eds) Lyon.: I ARC, 2010
- Wiedenmann, B. From ENET to ENETS: a long odyssey in the land of small and rare tumors / Wiedenmann B. // Neuroendocrinology. 2004. — Vol. 80 — P. l-12
- Williams, G.T. Endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract — selected topics / G.T. Williams // Histopathology. 2007. — Vol.50 — P.30−41.
- World Health Organization Classification of Tumours, Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Endocrine Organs / R.A. DeLellis, R.V. Lloyd, P.U. Heitz et al. Lyon.: IARC Press. — 2004 — 320 p.
- Yao, K. A Clinical application of zoom endoscopy for the stomach / K. Yao, A. Iwashita // Gastroenterol Endosc. 2006. — Vol.48 — P. 1091−1101
- Yao, K. Microgastroscopic findings of mucosal microvascular architecture as visualized by magnifying endoscopy / K. Yao, T. Oishi // Dig. Endosc. -2001.-Vol.13-P.27−33