ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ
Tallinn is the capital of Estonia. It is an industrial town. Half of all the industrial products of the Republic comes from Tallinn’s enterprises. They produce a great variety of articles such as electric motors, electrotechnical equipment, furniture, skis, toys, fabrics, perfumes, drugs, sweets, tinned foods, etc. The industrial output of Tallinn’s enterprises increases steadily. This increase… Π§ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΅ΡΡ >
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π΄ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ)
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° 3…3
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° 4…7
Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²
…11
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 3
I. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»Ρ-ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌs, ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊ-ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ, Ρ. Π΅. ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ:
Π°) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ 3-Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° Π³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»Π° Π² Present Indefinite;
Π±) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈ-ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ:
Π²) ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅-ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ.
1. Tallinn exports a great variety of goods. — Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΎΠ².
2. Last month my friend read a very interesting book on Tallinn’s history. — Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³Ρ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½Π°.
3. The inhabitants of Tallinn are fond of their city. — ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄.
Exports — a;
Tallinn’s — Π²;
Inhabitants — Π±.
II. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ , ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΡΡ-ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈ-ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ.
1. The students of our group will go to the State History Museum tomorrow. — Π‘ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π·Π°Π²ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΉΠ΄ΡΡ Π² ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°.
2. This is the building of the Tallinn City Soviet. — ΠΡΠΎ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°.
3. Teams of figure skaters and ice-hockey players undergo intensive training at the Sports Centre of Tallinn. — ΠΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ΅ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π² Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°.
III. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°-ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ.
1. Kadriorg is one of the most favourite parks of the Tallinners. — ΠΠ°Π΄ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠ³ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π’Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°.
2. The more I thought of that plan, the less I liked it. — Π§Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°Π» ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠ½Π΅ Π½ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ.
3. Your translation is better than mine. — ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΉ.
IV. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅-Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.
1. Some 350 people attend a yachting school in Tallinn. — ΠΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 350 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡ Ρ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½Π΅.
2. Does he know any foreign language? — ΠΠ½Π°Π΅Ρ Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π½ΠΈΠ±ΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ?
3. Any exhibit of this museum is valuable. — ΠΡΠ±Π°Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ·Π΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ.
V. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈ-Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²; ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ.
1. One of Tallinn’s farmacies functions for more than 550 years. — ΠΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ 550 Π»Π΅Ρ.(Present Simple)
2.The construction of the Tallinn Town Hall began in the first decades of the 14th century. — Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π Π°ΡΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ 14 Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°.(Past Simple)
3. In two years my brother will become an engineer. — ΠΠ° Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌ.(Future Indefininet)
VI. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ Ρ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ 3-ΠΉ Π°Π±Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ 1-ΠΉ ΠΈ 2-ΠΉ Π°Π±Π·Π°ΡΡ.
TALLINN
1. Tallinn is the capital of Estonia. It is an industrial town. Half of all the industrial products of the Republic comes from Tallinn’s enterprises. They produce a great variety of articles such as electric motors, electrotechnical equipment, furniture, skis, toys, fabrics, perfumes, drugs, sweets, tinned foods, etc. The industrial output of Tallinn’s enterprises increases steadily. This increase is the result of high labour productivity due to mechanisation, au-tomation and the application of modern technology.
Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ — ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»Ρ, Π»ΡΠΆΠΈ, ΠΈΠ³ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ, Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ — ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ.
2. Tallinn is an old city. It retains many features of its architecture and landscape and its cosy atmosphere. The streets of the Old Town are very narrow, the buildings are ancient, many of them date back to the 15th century. Nowadays they have all mod-ern conveniences and house museums, theatres, shops and restaurants. The Old Town is the seat of the Republic’s government, several Ministries and the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences. The area of the Old Town makes up less than one per cent of Tallinn’s territory.
Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ — ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ½ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ» ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΠ·Π°ΠΆΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. Π£Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ 15 Π²Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΌΡΠ·Π΅ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π°ΡΡΡ, ΠΌΠ°Π³Π°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΌ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΊ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π’Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½Π°.
3. Thousands of Tallinn’s residents live in new districts. Each of them has attractions of its own: one district borders on thick pine groves, another faces a lake, a third offers a magnificent view on the Gulf of Finland. The district of Mustamae is one of the youngest in the city. Almost a quarter of Tallinn’s population resides in the district. At Mustamae there are two institutes: the Tallinn Polytechnical Institute and the Chemistry Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S.S.R. There are also numerous schoolhouses, kindergartens and service centres there.
4. Tallinn has Europe’s Gold Medal for preservation of architectural relics. Perhaps no other city of Northern Europe preserves the beauty of its past so lovingly. With its charming mixture of the old and the new Tallinn creates an unforgettable impression.
VII. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ 4-ΠΉ Π°Π±Π·Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅-Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ:
Why does Tallinn create an unforgettable impression?
1… because the tempo of its construction is great.
2… because it is a major industrial centre.
3… because it charmingly combines the old and the new.(ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ)
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 4
I. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»-ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ. Π ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ (Π±) ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ.
Π°) 1. Today scientists are still looking for the substance as a source of energy. — Π‘Π΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π±Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
Are looking — Present Progressive (Active Voice)
2. The Mendeleyev system has served for almost 100 years as a key to discovering new elements. — Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π΅Π²Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 100 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².
has served — Present Perfect (Active Voice)
Π±) 1. Synthetic rubber products were developed between 1914 and the 1930s. — Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ 1914 ΠΈ 1930.
were developed — Passive Voice
2. The intensity of this process is influenced by many factors. — ΠΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ².
is influenced — Passive Voice
II. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Participle I ΠΈ Participle II ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ , Ρ. Π΅. ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡ-ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»Π°-ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅-Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ.
1. Molecular crystals are solids constructed of molecules held together by relatively weak forces.- ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ — ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ», ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
Constructed — Participle II
2. A body moving with a certain velocity carries within itself the kinetic energy of motion. — Π’Π΅Π»ΠΎ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
Moving — Participle I
3. While absorbing the energy of cosmic rays the upper atmo-sphere becomes radioactive. — ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΈ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ.
Absorbing — Participle I
4. Unless properly treated the metal must not be applied for space technology. — ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π» ΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ.
Treated — Participle II
III. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ½ΠΈ-ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π³Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ» ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ.
1. Energy can exist in many forms and each form can be transformed into the other. — ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΡ.
2. The computers should become an integral part of the orga-nization of industrial processes of all types. — ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ².
3. These metal parts had to be subjected to X-ray examination. — ΠΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ.
4. The chemists may use the reactor to analyse various sub-stances for their exact composition. — Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π°.
IV. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ 3-ΠΉ Π°Π±Π·Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ 2-ΠΉ ΠΈ 3-ΠΉ Π°Π±-Π·Π°ΡΡ.
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ
1. honorary board — Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ»Π°Π²Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°
2. in compiling this — ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ
3. some sixty in all — Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ
4. verbally—ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ
D.I. MENDELEYEV (1834−1907)
1. A Russian name appeared in 1964 on the honorary board1 of science at Bridgeport University, USA: Mendeleyev was added to the list of the greatest geniuses — Euclid, Archimedes, Coperni-cus, Galilei, Newton and Lavoisier. D.I. Mendeleyev, the explorer of nature, is the greatest chemist of the world. The Mendeleyev system has served for almost 100 years as a key to discovering new elements and it has retained its key capacity until now.
2. D.I. Mendeleyev was the fourteenth, and last child of the Director of the Gymnasium at Tobolsk. At 16 he was taken by his mother to St. Petersburg to seek higher education. He entered the Pedagogical Institute where his father has also studied. In 1856 he look a degree in chemistry and in 1859 he was sent abroad for two years for further training. He returned to St. Petersburg in 1861 as Professor of Chemistry.
Π.Π. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π΅Π² Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π’ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΌΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ. Π 16 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π» Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ. Π 1856 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ» ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² 1859 Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π·Π° Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³ Π² 1861 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ.
3. In 1868 Mendeleyev began to write a great textbook of chemistry, known in its English translation as the «Principles of Chemistry». In compiling this2 he tried to Find some system of classifying the elements — some sixty in all3 then known — whose properties he was describing. This led him to formulate the Pe-riodic Law, which earned him lasting international fame. He pre-sented it verbally4 to the Russian Chemical Society in October 1868 and published it in February 1869.
Π 1868 ΠΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π΅Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π² Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ «ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ». Π‘ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ, ΠΎΠ½ ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² — Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ — ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ½ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π° Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 1868 ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ 1869.
4. In this paper he set out clearly his discovery that if the ele-ments are arranged in order of their atomic weights, chemically related elements appear at regular intervals. The greatness of Mendeleyev’s achievement lies in the fact that he had discovered a generalization that not only unified an enormous amount of ex-isting information but pointed the way to further progress.
V. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ΅ 4-ΠΉ Π°Π±Π·Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅-Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡ:
What can you say about the greatness of Mendeleyev’s dis-covery?
1. The greatness of Mendeleyev’s achievement lies in the fact that his Periodic Table pointed the way to further progress in chemistry.(ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ)
2. Mendeleyev had discovered several new elements.
3. Mendeleyev created the system of classifying chemical ele-ments.
Π‘ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²
1. ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ: Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊ. — Π.: ΠΠ’Π «ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π», 2005. — 336 Ρ.
2. Π Π°ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, Π.Π., ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π. Π. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ: Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΡ. — Π.: ΠΠ’Π «ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π», 2005. — 808 Ρ.
3. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΈΠ½, Π―.Π., ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π. Π‘. Π ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°: Π£ΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅. — 2-Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄., ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±. ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏ. — Π.: ΠΠ’Π «ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π», 2005. — 256 Ρ.
4. ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ². Π‘Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ/ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π° Π.Π. — Π‘ΠΠ±.: ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, 2004.-480 Ρ.